Toxicity of differently sized and coated silver nanoparticles to the bacterium Pseudomonas putida
- Published
- Accepted
- Subject Areas
- Ecotoxicology, Environmental Sciences, Microbiology, Toxicology
- Keywords
- ecotoxicology, growth inhibition, silver nanoparticles, silver nitrate, environmental hazard assessment, gram-negative, Pseudomonas putida
- Copyright
- © 2014 Matzke et al.
- Licence
- This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
- Cite this article
- 2014. Toxicity of differently sized and coated silver nanoparticles to the bacterium Pseudomonas putida . PeerJ PrePrints 2:e26v2 https://doi.org/10.7287/peerj.preprints.26v2
Abstract
Aim of this study was to describe the toxicity of a set of different commercially available silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) to the gram-negative bacterium Pseudomonas putida (growth inhibition assay, ISO 10712) in order to contribute to their environmental hazard and risk assessment. Different AgNP sizes and coatings were selected in order to analyze whether those characteristics are determinants of nanoparticle toxicity. Silver nitrate was tested for comparison. In general Pseudomonas putida reacted very sensitive towards the exposure to silver, with an EC 05 value of 0.043 µ g L-1 for AgNO 3 and between 0.13 and 3.41 µ g L-1 for the different AgNPs (EC 50 values 0.16 µ g L-1 for AgNO3, resp. between 0.25 and 13.5 µ g L-1 for AgNPs). As the ionic form of silver is clearly the most toxic, an environmental hazard assessment for microorganisms based on total silver concentration and the assumption that AgNPs dissolve is sufficiently protective. Neither specific coatings nor certain sizes could be linked to increasing or decreasing toxicity. The characterization of particle behavior as well as the total and dissolved silver content in the medium during the exposures was not possible due to the high sensitivity of Pseudomonas (test concentrations were below detection limits), indicating the need for further development in the analytical domain. Monitored silver concentrations in the aquatic environment span six orders of magnitude (0.1 – 120000 ng L-1 ), which falls into the span of observed EC 05 values and might hence indicate a risk to environmental bacteria.
Author Comment
Discussion of the results was extended following external reviewer's suggestions.