"As-you-go" instead of "after-the-fact": A network approach to scholarly communication and evaluation

Scholarly research faces severe threats to its sustainability on multiple domains (access, incentives, reproducibility, inclusivity). We argue that “after-the-fact” research papers do not help and actually cause some of these threats because the chronology of the research cycle is lost in a research paper. We propose to give up the academic paper and propose a digitally native “as-you-go” alternative. In this design, smaller pieces of research outputs are communicated along the way and are linked to each other to form a network of outputs that can facilitate research evaluation. This embeds chronology in the design of scholarly communication and facilitates recognition of more diverse outputs that go beyond the paper (e.g., code, materials). Moreover, using network analysis to investigate the relations between linked outputs could help align evaluation tools with evaluation questions. We illustrate how such an “as-you-go” design of scholarly communication could be structured and how network metrics could be computed to assist in the evaluation process, with specific use cases for funders, universities, and individual researchers.