Multiple, independent colonizations of the Hawaiian Archipelago by the family Dolichopodidae (Diptera)

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1 Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States
2 Department of Natural Sciences, Bernice P. Bishop Museum, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States
3 Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
DOI
10.7287/peerj.preprints.2299v1
Published
Accepted
Subject Areas
Entomology, Evolutionary Studies
Keywords
Colonization history, Diptera, Divergence dating, Dolichopodidae, Evolutionary radiation, Long distance dispersal, Hawaiian Islands
Copyright
© 2016 Goodman et al.
Licence
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, reproduction and adaptation in any medium and for any purpose provided that it is properly attributed. For attribution, the original author(s), title, publication source (PeerJ Preprints) and either DOI or URL of the article must be cited.
Cite this article
Goodman KR, Evenhuis N, Bartošová-Sojková P, O'Grady PM. 2016. Multiple, independent colonizations of the Hawaiian Archipelago by the family Dolichopodidae (Diptera) PeerJ Preprints 4:e2299v1

Abstract

The family Dolichopodidae forms two of the four largest evolutionary radiations in the Hawaiian Islands across all flies: Campsicnemus (183 spp) and the Eurynogaster complex (66 spp). They also include a small radiation of Conchopus (6 spp). A handful of other dolichopodid species are native to the islands in singleton lineages or small radiations. This study provides a phylogenetic perspective on the colonization history of the dolichopodid fauna in the islands. We generated a multi gene data set including representatives from 11 of the 14 endemic Hawaiian dolichopodid genera to examine the history of colonization to the islands, and analyzed it using Bayesian and maximum likelihood phylogenetic methods. We used a subset of the data that included Conchopus and the eight genera comprising the Eurynogaster complex to estimate the first phylogenetic hypothesis for these endemic groups, then used Beast to estimate their age of arrival to the archipelago. The Eurynogaster complex, Campsicnemus and Conchopus are clearly the result of independent colonizations. The results strongly support the Eurynogaster complex as a monophyletic group, and also supports the monophyly of 4 of the 8 described genera within the complex (Adachia, Arciellia, Uropachys and Eurynogaster). Members of the family Dolichopodidae have been dispersing over vast distances to colonize the Hawaiian Archipelago for millions of years, leading to multiple independent evolutionary diversification events. The Eurynogaster complex arrived in the Hawaiian Archipelago 11.8 Ma, well before the arrival of Campsicnemus (4.5 Ma), and the even more recent Conchopus (1.8 Ma). Data presented here demonstrate that the Hawaiian Dolichopodidae both disperse and diversify easily, a rare combination that lays the groundwork for field studies on the reproductive isolating mechanisms and ecological partitioning of this group.

Author Comment

This is a submission to PeerJ for review.

Supplemental Information

Appendix S1

GenBank accession numbers, partitioning and supplementary trees.

DOI: 10.7287/peerj.preprints.2299v1/supp-1

Appendix S2

Supplemental Divergence Time Analyses

DOI: 10.7287/peerj.preprints.2299v1/supp-2

Appendix S3

History of Taxonomy

DOI: 10.7287/peerj.preprints.2299v1/supp-3