The epidemic of mass mortality of oak trees has affected secondary deciduous broadleaved forests that have been used as coppices in Japan. The dieback of oak trees formed gaps in the crown that would be expected to enhance the regeneration of shade-intolerant pioneer species. However, foraging by sika deer
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R dump file containing raw data, y1: species presence (1) / absence (0) for each quadrat in 1992, y2: species presence (1) /absence (0) for each quadrat in 2014, plot: quadrat attributes (position: 0 for lower slope, 1 for upper slope, slope: slope angles (degree), affect: 0 for not gaps, 1 for gaps created or affected by the mass mortality). Vectors adj, weights and num are spatial data for OpenBUGS.
BUGS code used in the analysis.
Posterior mean, standard deviation (SD) and quantiles (2.5%, 5%, 50%, 95% and 97.5%) for each random species effect
The author declares that they have no competing interests.
The following information was supplied relating to field study approvals (i.e., approving body and any reference numbers):
The Kyôto-Ôsaka District Forest Office and the Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute agreed to conduct the study cooperatively in the national forest.
The following information was supplied regarding data availability:
The raw data has been supplied as a supplementary file.