NOT PEER-REVIEWED
"PeerJ Preprints" is a venue for early communication or feedback before peer review. Data may be preliminary.

A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.

View peer-reviewed version

Supplemental Information

Images of devil and manta rays

(a) Reef Manta Ray (Manta alfredi); (b) Oceanic Manta Ray (Manta birostris); (c) Shortfin Devil Ray (Mobula kuhlii); (d) Smoothtail Devil Ray (Mobula munkiana).

DOI: 10.7287/peerj.preprints.1731v1/supp-1

Distribution maps for manta and devil ray species

Area of Occupancy (AOO) and Extent of Occurrence (EOO) maps for all nine species of devil ray: (a) Mobula japanica, (b) M. eregoodootenkee, (c) M. hypostoma, (d) M. rochebrunei, (e) M. kuhlii, (f) M. mobular, (g) M. munkiana, (h) M. tarapacana, (i) M. thurstoni; and both species of manta ray: (j) Manta alfredi, (k) M. birostris.

DOI: 10.7287/peerj.preprints.1731v1/supp-2

Expert representation at the Global Devil and Manta Ray Conservation Strategy workshop and among respondents to the devil and manta ray survey

(a) The number of workshop attendees with expertise from each Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) Major Fishing Area (MFA) is represented by degree of colour saturation. (b) Geographic FAO MFA expertise of devil and manta ray survey respondents. The grey outlines around the countries indicate the presence of one or more mobulid species, with grey saturation representing areas of mobulid Area of Occupancy overlap (>1 species).

DOI: 10.7287/peerj.preprints.1731v1/supp-3

Distribution of Parties to CITES and CMS with respect to ranges of (a) Manta spp. and (b) Mobula spp

Area of Occupancy (AOO) maps for single or multiple species of (a) manta ray (Manta spp.) in blue, and (b) devil ray (Mobula spp.) in green. Saturation of colour represents the degree which species’ ranges overlap: dark blue for manta ray and dark green for devil rays are areas with >1 species AOO. Country colour represents management implementation; Parties to both the Convention on the International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) and the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS) are indicated in light yellow, Parties only to CITES are light grey, Parties only to CMS are dark yellow, and Non-Parties are in black. Also indicated are known target (T) and bycatch (B) fisheries adapted from Croll et al., 2015.

DOI: 10.7287/peerj.preprints.1731v1/supp-4

Distribution of national, territory, and state protections with respect to ranges of (a) Manta spp. and (b) Mobula spp

Area of Occupancy (AOO) maps for single or multiple species of (a) manta ray (Manta spp.) in blue, and (b) devil ray (Mobula spp.) in green. Saturation of colour represents the degree which species’ ranges overlap: dark blue for manta ray and dark green for devil rays are areas with >1 species AOO. Country colour represents national, territory, or state protections; purple represents those countries that have implemented both a fishing and trade restriction, yellow are those countries with only a fishing restriction. Small island countries are circled for visual purposes.

DOI: 10.7287/peerj.preprints.1731v1/supp-5

International, national, and territory/state protections currently in place for devil and manta rays

A summary of current international, national, and territory/state protections for the eleven species of devil (Mobula spp.) and manta (Manta spp.) rays, and the year that these protections were implemented.

DOI: 10.7287/peerj.preprints.1731v1/supp-6

The Global Devil and Manta Ray Conservation Strategy

The complete text of the Global Devil and Manta Ray Conservation Strategy; including a vision, and a series of goals, objectives, and actions.

DOI: 10.7287/peerj.preprints.1731v1/supp-7

Additional Information

Competing Interests

The authors declare there are no competing interests.

Author Contributions

Julia M Lawson analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, wrote the paper, prepared figures and/or tables, reviewed drafts of the paper.

Rachel HL Walls conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, reviewed drafts of the paper.

Sonja V Fordham conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, wrote the paper, reviewed drafts of the paper.

Mary P O'Malley analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, wrote the paper, prepared figures and/or tables, reviewed drafts of the paper.

Michelle R Heupel contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, wrote the paper, reviewed drafts of the paper.

Guy Stevens conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, wrote the paper, prepared figures and/or tables, reviewed drafts of the paper.

Daniel Fernando contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, reviewed drafts of the paper.

Ania Budziak contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, wrote the paper, reviewed drafts of the paper.

Colin A Simpfendorfer conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, wrote the paper, reviewed drafts of the paper.

Lindsay NK Davidson contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, reviewed drafts of the paper.

Isabel Ender conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, reviewed drafts of the paper.

Malcolm P Francis contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, reviewed drafts of the paper.

Giuseppe Notarbartolo di Sciara contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, reviewed drafts of the paper.

Nicholas K Dulvy conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, wrote the paper, prepared figures and/or tables, reviewed drafts of the paper.

Data Deposition

The following information was supplied regarding data availability:

The research in this article did not generate any raw data.

Funding

We thank the Natural Science and Engineering Research Council, Canada (NKD, LNKD), the Canada Research Chairs program (NKD), and the Save Our Seas Foundation project #235 (NKD) and #242 (DF). Support for workshop participants was provided by the Project AWARE Foundation (AB and Kerstin Forsberg), WildAid (MRH, MPO), and the New England Aquarium (Kerstin Forsberg). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Opinions expressed herein are of the authors only and do not imply endorsement by any agency or institution associated with the authors. Grant Disclosures The following grant information was disclosed by the authors: Natural Science and Engineering Research Council, Canada. Canada Research Chairs program. Save Our Seas Foundation project: #235, #242 Save Our Seas Save Our Species project: #2013A-058, #2013A-069 US State Department Contribution to IUCN. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.


Add your feedback

Before adding feedback, consider if it can be asked as a question instead, and if so then use the Question tab. Pointing out typos is fine, but authors are encouraged to accept only substantially helpful feedback.

Some Markdown syntax is allowed: _italic_ **bold** ^superscript^ ~subscript~ %%blockquote%% [link text](link URL)
 
By posting this you agree to PeerJ's commenting policies
1 Citation   Views   Downloads