PeerJ
type: channel
link: https://peerj.com/articles/
description: Articles published in PeerJ
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
publication name: PeerJ
issn: 2167-8359
items: Untargeted metabolomic analyses of fermented unpolished black rice with melanogenesis inhibition activity
items: Unveiling phenolic content, antibacterial, and antibiofilm potential of sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L.) seed shell extracts against Staphylococcus aureus
items: Metal artifact reduction combined with deep learning image reconstruction algorithm for CT image quality optimization: a phantom study
items: Knowledge attitude, and practice of patients with knee osteoarthritis towards perioperative functional exercise after total knee arthroplasty: a cross-sectional study
items: Associations between maternal glycemic level and lipid profile and adverse pregnancy outcomes in women with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a retrospective study from China
items: Effects of judo-specific intermittent training on lower-limb impulse and specific performance in judokas
items: Association between the expression difference of cortisol in umbilical cord blood and discordant growth in dichorionic twins: a cross-sectional survey
items: Early detection of Cercospora beticola and powdery mildew diseases in sugar beet using uncrewed aerial vehicle-based remote sensing and machine learning
items: Assessment of the fecundity of deep-sea corals in southeastern Brazil
items: https://peerj.com/articles/19506

Untargeted metabolomic analyses of fermented unpolished black rice with melanogenesis inhibition activity
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Fermentation of rice can enhance the release of bioactive ingredients and generate diverse microbial metabolites contributing to various functional properties. Previous studies have demonstrated that the mixture of selected microorganisms called “De-E11 starter,” comprised of Rhizopus oryzae, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Saccharomycopsis fibuligera and Pediococcus pentosaceus yields fermented unpolished black rice sap (FUBRS) with a melanogenesis inhibition activity. To further understand this fermentation process, we characterized FUBRS and profiled its metabolite composition in comparison to unfermented unpolished black rice (Un-FR), recognizing the substantial enzymatic activity of FUBRS microorganisms and their potential for extensive metabolite production. The results indicated that fermentation decreased the pH, increased total acid content and elevated reducing sugar content. Moreover, significant alterations in phytochemical profiles were observed in FUBRS. In terms of biological activity, fermentation significantly enhanced antioxidant and tyrosinase/melanogenesis inhibitory activities. Untargeted metabolomic analysis utilizing orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) revealed a clear differentiation in metabolite profiles between FUBRS and Un-FR. Volcano plot analysis (≥2-fold change) indicated a general increase in metabolites, including sugars, phenolic acids, organic acids, and fatty acids, after fermentation. Quantitative analysis confirmed the accumulation of p-hydroxybenzoic acid, lactic acid, acetic acid, and succinic acid, that are all known melanogenesis inhibitors. This study provides valuable insights into the characteristics and metabolite profile of FUBRS, and informing strategies for optimizing the fermentation processes to enhance the production of melanogenesis and tyrosinase inhibitory compounds, and identifying key metabolites as critical biomarkers for monitoring and controlling these processes. Together, …
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creator: Orrarat Sangkaew
creator: Suttida Kaenboot
creator: Thumnoon Nhujak
creator: Chadin Kulsing
creator: Nuttanee Tungkijanansin
creator: Sittiruk Roytrakul
creator: Chulee Yompakdee
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Food Science and Technology
subject: Microbiology
subject: Plant Science
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.19533
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2025 Sangkaew et al.
abstract: Fermentation of rice can enhance the release of bioactive ingredients and generate diverse microbial metabolites contributing to various functional properties. Previous studies have demonstrated that the mixture of selected microorganisms called “De-E11 starter,” comprised of Rhizopus oryzae, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Saccharomycopsis fibuligera and Pediococcus pentosaceus yields fermented unpolished black rice sap (FUBRS) with a melanogenesis inhibition activity. To further understand this fermentation process, we characterized FUBRS and profiled its metabolite composition in comparison to unfermented unpolished black rice (Un-FR), recognizing the substantial enzymatic activity of FUBRS microorganisms and their potential for extensive metabolite production. The results indicated that fermentation decreased the pH, increased total acid content and elevated reducing sugar content. Moreover, significant alterations in phytochemical profiles were observed in FUBRS. In terms of biological activity, fermentation significantly enhanced antioxidant and tyrosinase/melanogenesis inhibitory activities. Untargeted metabolomic analysis utilizing orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) revealed a clear differentiation in metabolite profiles between FUBRS and Un-FR. Volcano plot analysis (≥2-fold change) indicated a general increase in metabolites, including sugars, phenolic acids, organic acids, and fatty acids, after fermentation. Quantitative analysis confirmed the accumulation of p-hydroxybenzoic acid, lactic acid, acetic acid, and succinic acid, that are all known melanogenesis inhibitors. This study provides valuable insights into the characteristics and metabolite profile of FUBRS, and informing strategies for optimizing the fermentation processes to enhance the production of melanogenesis and tyrosinase inhibitory compounds, and identifying key metabolites as critical biomarkers for monitoring and controlling these processes. Together, …
bibliographic citation: Sangkaew et al. (2025) Untargeted metabolomic analyses of fermented unpolished black rice with melanogenesis inhibition activity. PeerJ 13:e19533 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.19533
date submitted: 2025-01-11
date accepted: 2025-05-07
issued: 2025-06-04
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Sangkaew
  given name: Orrarat
author list: Agent
  family name: Kaenboot
  given name: Suttida
author list: Agent
  family name: Nhujak
  given name: Thumnoon
author list: Agent
  family name: Kulsing
  given name: Chadin
author list: Agent
  family name: Tungkijanansin
  given name: Nuttanee
author list: Agent
  family name: Roytrakul
  given name: Sittiruk
author list: Agent
  family name: Yompakdee
  given name: Chulee
doi: 10.7717/peerj.19533
volume: 13
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2025-06-04
copyright: ©2025 Sangkaew et al.
attribution name: Sangkaew et al.

Unveiling phenolic content, antibacterial, and antibiofilm potential of sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L.) seed shell extracts against Staphylococcus aureus
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Sacha inchi (SI) seeds are renowned for their high oil content, with omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids accounting for approximately 85% of the total fatty acids. However, the use of seed by-products has not received much attention in research. The objective of the current study was to assess the antioxidant and antibacterial properties of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of SI seed shells. The antioxidant potential, along with the total phenolic, flavonoid, and procyanidin content of the aqueous and ethanolic extracts was assessed using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). The ethanolic SI seed shell extract exerted the strongest antioxidant potential, likely due to its higher phenolic and procyanidin content. The antibacterial potency evaluation of extracts towards S. aureus (ATCC29213), S. aureus (clinical) isolate and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) demonstrated that the ethanolic extract of SI seed shell possessed significant efficacy. The mean growth inhibition zones of ethanolic extract against tested bacterial strains of S. aureus were ≥ 17.23 ± 0.42 with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 250 µg/mL. The time-kill showed the bactericidal effect of ethanolic extract on Gram-positive bacteria, which was demonstrated by the time-kill assay. After ≤ 8 hrs post-inoculation, the mean log reductions in viable bacterial cell counts ranged from 9.37 Log10 to 4.37 log10 CFU/mL for S. aureus (ATCC29213), 9.146 Log10 to 4.124 Log10 CFU/mL for S. aureus (clinical) and 9.367 Log10 to 4.221 Log10 CFU/mL. Also, the ethanol extract exhibited notable potential in reducing biofilm formation and membrane-disruptive properties. Thus, it appears that ethanolic extract of SI seed shells can be potentially used as an excellent source of antioxidants and has antibacterial qualities against certain harmful bacteria that cause infection in the upper respiratory tract and skin.
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creator: Gadah A. Al-Hamoud
creator: Musarat Amina
creator: Reem Hamoud Alrashoudi
creator: Ayesha Mateen
creator: Farah Maqsood
creator: Hanan M. Al-Yousef
subject: Biodiversity
subject: Microbiology
subject: Plant Science
subject: Public Health
subject: Science and Medical Education
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.19524
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2025 Al-Hamoud et al.
abstract: Sacha inchi (SI) seeds are renowned for their high oil content, with omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids accounting for approximately 85% of the total fatty acids. However, the use of seed by-products has not received much attention in research. The objective of the current study was to assess the antioxidant and antibacterial properties of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of SI seed shells. The antioxidant potential, along with the total phenolic, flavonoid, and procyanidin content of the aqueous and ethanolic extracts was assessed using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). The ethanolic SI seed shell extract exerted the strongest antioxidant potential, likely due to its higher phenolic and procyanidin content. The antibacterial potency evaluation of extracts towards S. aureus (ATCC29213), S. aureus (clinical) isolate and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) demonstrated that the ethanolic extract of SI seed shell possessed significant efficacy. The mean growth inhibition zones of ethanolic extract against tested bacterial strains of S. aureus were ≥ 17.23 ± 0.42 with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 250 µg/mL. The time-kill showed the bactericidal effect of ethanolic extract on Gram-positive bacteria, which was demonstrated by the time-kill assay. After ≤ 8 hrs post-inoculation, the mean log reductions in viable bacterial cell counts ranged from 9.37 Log10 to 4.37 log10 CFU/mL for S. aureus (ATCC29213), 9.146 Log10 to 4.124 Log10 CFU/mL for S. aureus (clinical) and 9.367 Log10 to 4.221 Log10 CFU/mL. Also, the ethanol extract exhibited notable potential in reducing biofilm formation and membrane-disruptive properties. Thus, it appears that ethanolic extract of SI seed shells can be potentially used as an excellent source of antioxidants and has antibacterial qualities against certain harmful bacteria that cause infection in the upper respiratory tract and skin.
bibliographic citation: Al-Hamoud et al. (2025) Unveiling phenolic content, antibacterial, and antibiofilm potential of sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L.) seed shell extracts against Staphylococcus aureus. PeerJ 13:e19524 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.19524
date submitted: 2024-11-18
date accepted: 2025-05-05
issued: 2025-06-04
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Al-Hamoud
  given name: Gadah A.
author list: Agent
  family name: Amina
  given name: Musarat
author list: Agent
  family name: Alrashoudi
  given name: Reem Hamoud
author list: Agent
  family name: Mateen
  given name: Ayesha
author list: Agent
  family name: Maqsood
  given name: Farah
author list: Agent
  family name: Al-Yousef
  given name: Hanan M.
doi: 10.7717/peerj.19524
volume: 13
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2025-06-04
copyright: ©2025 Al-Hamoud et al.
attribution name: Al-Hamoud et al.

Metal artifact reduction combined with deep learning image reconstruction algorithm for CT image quality optimization: a phantom study
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Background Aiming to evaluate the effects of the smart metal artifact reduction (MAR) algorithm and combinations of various scanning parameters, including radiation dose levels, tube voltage, and reconstruction algorithms, on metal artifact reduction and overall image quality, to identify the optimal protocol for clinical application. Methods A phantom with a pacemaker was examined using standard dose (effective dose (ED): 3 mSv) and low dose (ED: 0.5 mSv), with three scan voltages (70, 100, and 120 kVp) selected for each dose. Raw data were reconstructed using 50% adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction-V (ASIR-V), ASIR-V with MAR, high-strength deep learning image reconstruction (DLIR-H), and DLIR-H with MAR. Quantitative analyses (artifact index (AI), noise, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of artifact-impaired pulmonary nodules (PNs), and noise power spectrum (NPS) of artifact-free regions) and qualitative evaluation were performed. Results Quantitatively, the deep learning image recognition (DLIR) algorithm or high tube voltages exhibited lower noise compared to the ASIR-V or low tube voltages (p < 0.001). AI of images with MAR or high tube voltages was significantly lower than that of images without MAR or low tube voltages (p < 0.001). No significant difference was observed in AI between low-dose images with 120 kVp DLIR-H MAR and standard-dose images with 70 kVp ASIR-V MAR (p = 0.143). Only the 70 kVp 3 mSv protocol demonstrated statistically significant differences in SNR for artifact-impaired PNs (p = 0.041). The fpeak and favg values were similar across various scenarios, indicating that the MAR algorithm did not alter the image texture in artifact-free regions. The qualitative results of the extent of metal artifacts, the confidence in diagnosing artifact-impaired PNs, and the overall image quality were generally consistent with the quantitative results. Conclusion The MAR algorithm combined with DLIR-H can reduce metal artifacts and enhance the overall…
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creator: Huachun Zou
creator: Zonghuo Wang
creator: Mengya Guo
creator: Kun Peng
creator: Jian Zhou
creator: Lili Zhou
creator: Bing Fan
subject: Cardiology
subject: Radiology and Medical Imaging
subject: Computational Science
subject: Data Mining and Machine Learning
subject: Data Science
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.19516
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2025 Zou et al.
abstract: Background Aiming to evaluate the effects of the smart metal artifact reduction (MAR) algorithm and combinations of various scanning parameters, including radiation dose levels, tube voltage, and reconstruction algorithms, on metal artifact reduction and overall image quality, to identify the optimal protocol for clinical application. Methods A phantom with a pacemaker was examined using standard dose (effective dose (ED): 3 mSv) and low dose (ED: 0.5 mSv), with three scan voltages (70, 100, and 120 kVp) selected for each dose. Raw data were reconstructed using 50% adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction-V (ASIR-V), ASIR-V with MAR, high-strength deep learning image reconstruction (DLIR-H), and DLIR-H with MAR. Quantitative analyses (artifact index (AI), noise, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of artifact-impaired pulmonary nodules (PNs), and noise power spectrum (NPS) of artifact-free regions) and qualitative evaluation were performed. Results Quantitatively, the deep learning image recognition (DLIR) algorithm or high tube voltages exhibited lower noise compared to the ASIR-V or low tube voltages (p < 0.001). AI of images with MAR or high tube voltages was significantly lower than that of images without MAR or low tube voltages (p < 0.001). No significant difference was observed in AI between low-dose images with 120 kVp DLIR-H MAR and standard-dose images with 70 kVp ASIR-V MAR (p = 0.143). Only the 70 kVp 3 mSv protocol demonstrated statistically significant differences in SNR for artifact-impaired PNs (p = 0.041). The fpeak and favg values were similar across various scenarios, indicating that the MAR algorithm did not alter the image texture in artifact-free regions. The qualitative results of the extent of metal artifacts, the confidence in diagnosing artifact-impaired PNs, and the overall image quality were generally consistent with the quantitative results. Conclusion The MAR algorithm combined with DLIR-H can reduce metal artifacts and enhance the overall…
bibliographic citation: Zou et al. (2025) Metal artifact reduction combined with deep learning image reconstruction algorithm for CT image quality optimization: a phantom study. PeerJ 13:e19516 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.19516
date submitted: 2024-11-29
date accepted: 2025-05-02
issued: 2025-06-04
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Zou
  given name: Huachun
author list: Agent
  family name: Wang
  given name: Zonghuo
author list: Agent
  family name: Guo
  given name: Mengya
author list: Agent
  family name: Peng
  given name: Kun
author list: Agent
  family name: Zhou
  given name: Jian
author list: Agent
  family name: Zhou
  given name: Lili
author list: Agent
  family name: Fan
  given name: Bing
doi: 10.7717/peerj.19516
volume: 13
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2025-06-04
copyright: ©2025 Zou et al.
attribution name: Zou et al.

Knowledge attitude, and practice of patients with knee osteoarthritis towards perioperative functional exercise after total knee arthroplasty: a cross-sectional study
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Background To investigate the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA) towards perioperative functional exercise after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Methods The cross-sectional survey enrolled knee OA patients in two tertiary public hospitals at Shandong Province between September 2023 and January 2024. Demographic characteristics, KAP scores, and Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK) scores were gathered via a self-made questionnaires. Results A total of 583 valid questionnaires were collected, 65.01% were females and 48.89% over 65. The average scores of knowledge, attitude, practice and TSK were 11.17 ± 4.31 (possible range: 0–16), 21.78 ± 2.57 (possible range: 6–30), 35.44 ± 5.80 (possible range: 9–45), and 39.21 ± 10.75 (possible range: 17–68), respectively. Spearman correlation analysis showed positive correlation between knowledge and attitude (r = 0.3406, p < 0.001), attitude and practice (r = 0.3464, p < 0.001), attitude and practice (r = 0.6390, p < 0.001), negative correlation between TSK and knowledge (r = −0.3663, p < 0.001), attitude (r = −0.2937, p < 0.001), and practice (r = −0.3970, p < 0.001), respectively. Path analysis found that attitude, underlying diseases, occupation, total knee arthroplasty had direct effects on practice. Knowledge, age, education level, residence, diagnosis time, marital status had indirect effects on practice. Total knee arthroplasty had direct and indirect effects on practice (all p < 0.05). Conclusions While most patients held a positive attitude and practice, concerns and misconceptions regarding perioperative exercises emerged as urgent issues. It is imperative to implement targeted interventions to enhance adherence by addressing factors influencing KAP.
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creator: Houxi Li
creator: Qingqing Su
creator: Lei Qin
creator: Qi Li
creator: Yake Li
creator: Chunyan Wang
creator: Houxia Zhu
creator: Haiyan Li
subject: Orthopedics
subject: Surgery and Surgical Specialties
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.19511
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2025 Li et al.
abstract: Background To investigate the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA) towards perioperative functional exercise after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Methods The cross-sectional survey enrolled knee OA patients in two tertiary public hospitals at Shandong Province between September 2023 and January 2024. Demographic characteristics, KAP scores, and Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK) scores were gathered via a self-made questionnaires. Results A total of 583 valid questionnaires were collected, 65.01% were females and 48.89% over 65. The average scores of knowledge, attitude, practice and TSK were 11.17 ± 4.31 (possible range: 0–16), 21.78 ± 2.57 (possible range: 6–30), 35.44 ± 5.80 (possible range: 9–45), and 39.21 ± 10.75 (possible range: 17–68), respectively. Spearman correlation analysis showed positive correlation between knowledge and attitude (r = 0.3406, p < 0.001), attitude and practice (r = 0.3464, p < 0.001), attitude and practice (r = 0.6390, p < 0.001), negative correlation between TSK and knowledge (r = −0.3663, p < 0.001), attitude (r = −0.2937, p < 0.001), and practice (r = −0.3970, p < 0.001), respectively. Path analysis found that attitude, underlying diseases, occupation, total knee arthroplasty had direct effects on practice. Knowledge, age, education level, residence, diagnosis time, marital status had indirect effects on practice. Total knee arthroplasty had direct and indirect effects on practice (all p < 0.05). Conclusions While most patients held a positive attitude and practice, concerns and misconceptions regarding perioperative exercises emerged as urgent issues. It is imperative to implement targeted interventions to enhance adherence by addressing factors influencing KAP.
bibliographic citation: Li et al. (2025) Knowledge attitude, and practice of patients with knee osteoarthritis towards perioperative functional exercise after total knee arthroplasty: a cross-sectional study. PeerJ 13:e19511 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.19511
date submitted: 2024-11-22
date accepted: 2025-05-02
issued: 2025-06-04
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Li
  given name: Houxi
author list: Agent
  family name: Su
  given name: Qingqing
author list: Agent
  family name: Qin
  given name: Lei
author list: Agent
  family name: Li
  given name: Qi
author list: Agent
  family name: Li
  given name: Yake
author list: Agent
  family name: Wang
  given name: Chunyan
author list: Agent
  family name: Zhu
  given name: Houxia
author list: Agent
  family name: Li
  given name: Haiyan
doi: 10.7717/peerj.19511
volume: 13
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2025-06-04
copyright: © 2025 Li et al.
attribution name: Li et al.

Associations between maternal glycemic level and lipid profile and adverse pregnancy outcomes in women with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a retrospective study from China
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Purpose To investigate the associations between maternal glucose and lipid metabolism and adverse pregnancy outcomes in women with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods A retrospective cohort of pregnant women with T2DM who delivered at Peking University First Hospital was included. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to identify risk factors. ROC curves were applied to determine optimal cut-off points for predicting adverse pregnancy outcomes. Results A total of 398 pairs of pregnant women and newborns from 2019 to 2023 were included. The key complications included large-for-gestational-age (LGA, 21.6%), preeclampsia (PE, 14.3%), preterm birth (14.3%) and birth defects (11.6%). The achievement rates for both glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and lipid levels in early pregnancy were approximately 50%. HbA1c in the third trimester was significantly associated with increased birth weight (for LGA, aOR = 3.819, 95% CI [1.534–9.509]). Elevated triglyceride (TG) in early pregnancy were critical risk factors for LGA, PE, and preterm birth (aOR = 2.627, 2.478, 2.233; all p < 0.05). The optimal cut-off point for third-trimester HbA1c predicting LGA was ≤5.95%. The optimal cut-off points for first-trimester TG predicting LGA, PE, and preterm birth were separately ≤1.51, ≤1.67, and ≤1.46 mmol/L. Conclusions In Chinese pregnant women with T2DM, elevated plasma glucose and lipid levels at different pregnancy stages were independently linked to adverse outcomes, especially third-trimester HbA1c and first-trimester TG. TG level in early pregnancy lower than currently recommended may be beneficial to improve adverse outcomes.
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creator: Yiwei Xue
creator: Juan Juan
creator: Xinyu Shu
creator: Yilin He
creator: Kefan Cao
creator: Xin Kang
creator: Hongli Huang
creator: Huixia Yang
subject: Diabetes and Endocrinology
subject: Global Health
subject: Gynecology and Obstetrics
subject: Nutrition
subject: Women’s Health
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.19502
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2025 Xue et al.
abstract: Purpose To investigate the associations between maternal glucose and lipid metabolism and adverse pregnancy outcomes in women with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods A retrospective cohort of pregnant women with T2DM who delivered at Peking University First Hospital was included. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to identify risk factors. ROC curves were applied to determine optimal cut-off points for predicting adverse pregnancy outcomes. Results A total of 398 pairs of pregnant women and newborns from 2019 to 2023 were included. The key complications included large-for-gestational-age (LGA, 21.6%), preeclampsia (PE, 14.3%), preterm birth (14.3%) and birth defects (11.6%). The achievement rates for both glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and lipid levels in early pregnancy were approximately 50%. HbA1c in the third trimester was significantly associated with increased birth weight (for LGA, aOR = 3.819, 95% CI [1.534–9.509]). Elevated triglyceride (TG) in early pregnancy were critical risk factors for LGA, PE, and preterm birth (aOR = 2.627, 2.478, 2.233; all p < 0.05). The optimal cut-off point for third-trimester HbA1c predicting LGA was ≤5.95%. The optimal cut-off points for first-trimester TG predicting LGA, PE, and preterm birth were separately ≤1.51, ≤1.67, and ≤1.46 mmol/L. Conclusions In Chinese pregnant women with T2DM, elevated plasma glucose and lipid levels at different pregnancy stages were independently linked to adverse outcomes, especially third-trimester HbA1c and first-trimester TG. TG level in early pregnancy lower than currently recommended may be beneficial to improve adverse outcomes.
bibliographic citation: Xue et al. (2025) Associations between maternal glycemic level and lipid profile and adverse pregnancy outcomes in women with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a retrospective study from China. PeerJ 13:e19502 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.19502
date submitted: 2025-02-05
date accepted: 2025-04-30
issued: 2025-06-04
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
author list: Agent
  family name: Xue
  given name: Yiwei
author list: Agent
  family name: Juan
  given name: Juan
author list: Agent
  family name: Shu
  given name: Xinyu
author list: Agent
  family name: He
  given name: Yilin
author list: Agent
  family name: Cao
  given name: Kefan
author list: Agent
  family name: Kang
  given name: Xin
author list: Agent
  family name: Huang
  given name: Hongli
author list: Agent
  family name: Yang
  given name: Huixia
doi: 10.7717/peerj.19502
volume: 13
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2025-06-04
copyright: ©2025 Xue et al.
attribution name: Xue et al.

Effects of judo-specific intermittent training on lower-limb impulse and specific performance in judokas
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Intermittent training (IT) has been shown to enhance athletic performance by improving aerobic and anaerobic capacities, neuromuscular efficiency, and recovery key factors for judokas given the intermittent nature of judo combat. This study investigated the effects of a six-week judo-specific intermittent training program on body composition (body mass (BM); percent body fat (PBF); skeletal muscle mass (SMM)), grip strength, lower-limb impulse (countermovement jump, (CMJ)) (relative force peak (RFP)), relative force peak (RFP), reactive strength index-modified (RSImod), jump height (JH), time to takeoff (TTT)), and specialized performance (special judo fitness test, (SJFT)) (SJFT series A, SJFT series B, SJFT series C, SJFT total number of throws, SJFT post-exercise heart rate, SJFT one-minute post-exercise heart rate), with two primary objectives: (1) incorporating uchikomi + ippon seoi-nage (Tori group) as part of the training intervention and (2) examining the impact of serving as sparring partners through mae-ukemi (Uke group) on performance outcomes. Thirty male judo athletes (all black belt) were randomly assigned to the Tori (169.90 ± 6.17 cm in stature, 76.67 ± 18.2 kg in mass, 20.64 ± 3.07 years of age and 13.10 ± 2.88 years of experience), Uke (72.36 ± 6.32 cm in stature, 77.28 ± 19.4 kg in mass, 21.73 ± 6.15 years of age and 11.90 ± 1.79 years of experience), and control group (CON) (167.18 ± 4.16 cm in stature, 76.77 ± 13.7 kg in mass, 21.55 ± 5.30 years of age, and 12.00 ± 2.40 years of experience) (n = 10 per group). The intermittent training sessions were held twice weekly (Tuesday and Thursday) at 2:00 PM, with a 24-hour recovery between sessions. Participants were paired by body weight (≤10% difference). Training included two blocks of six 20-second sets, with 20-second passive rest intervals, totaling 8 minutes per session. The results showed a significant time effect (p < 0.01) in the special judo fitness index, along with a time × group interacti…
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creator: Pi-Yen Ho
creator: Hung-Chih Yeh
creator: Fang Li
creator: Chia-An Ho
creator: Cheng-Pang Yang
creator: Ying-Chen Kuo
creator: Chih-Wen Hsu
creator: Chin-Shan Ho
subject: Kinesiology
subject: Sports Medicine
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.19491
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2025 Ho et al.
abstract: Intermittent training (IT) has been shown to enhance athletic performance by improving aerobic and anaerobic capacities, neuromuscular efficiency, and recovery key factors for judokas given the intermittent nature of judo combat. This study investigated the effects of a six-week judo-specific intermittent training program on body composition (body mass (BM); percent body fat (PBF); skeletal muscle mass (SMM)), grip strength, lower-limb impulse (countermovement jump, (CMJ)) (relative force peak (RFP)), relative force peak (RFP), reactive strength index-modified (RSImod), jump height (JH), time to takeoff (TTT)), and specialized performance (special judo fitness test, (SJFT)) (SJFT series A, SJFT series B, SJFT series C, SJFT total number of throws, SJFT post-exercise heart rate, SJFT one-minute post-exercise heart rate), with two primary objectives: (1) incorporating uchikomi + ippon seoi-nage (Tori group) as part of the training intervention and (2) examining the impact of serving as sparring partners through mae-ukemi (Uke group) on performance outcomes. Thirty male judo athletes (all black belt) were randomly assigned to the Tori (169.90 ± 6.17 cm in stature, 76.67 ± 18.2 kg in mass, 20.64 ± 3.07 years of age and 13.10 ± 2.88 years of experience), Uke (72.36 ± 6.32 cm in stature, 77.28 ± 19.4 kg in mass, 21.73 ± 6.15 years of age and 11.90 ± 1.79 years of experience), and control group (CON) (167.18 ± 4.16 cm in stature, 76.77 ± 13.7 kg in mass, 21.55 ± 5.30 years of age, and 12.00 ± 2.40 years of experience) (n = 10 per group). The intermittent training sessions were held twice weekly (Tuesday and Thursday) at 2:00 PM, with a 24-hour recovery between sessions. Participants were paired by body weight (≤10% difference). Training included two blocks of six 20-second sets, with 20-second passive rest intervals, totaling 8 minutes per session. The results showed a significant time effect (p < 0.01) in the special judo fitness index, along with a time × group interacti…
bibliographic citation: Ho et al. (2025) Effects of judo-specific intermittent training on lower-limb impulse and specific performance in judokas. PeerJ 13:e19491 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.19491
date submitted: 2025-01-13
date accepted: 2025-04-28
issued: 2025-06-04
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Ho
  given name: Pi-Yen
author list: Agent
  family name: Yeh
  given name: Hung-Chih
author list: Agent
  family name: Li
  given name: Fang
author list: Agent
  family name: Ho
  given name: Chia-An
author list: Agent
  family name: Yang
  given name: Cheng-Pang
author list: Agent
  family name: Kuo
  given name: Ying-Chen
author list: Agent
  family name: Hsu
  given name: Chih-Wen
author list: Agent
  family name: Ho
  given name: Chin-Shan
doi: 10.7717/peerj.19491
volume: 13
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2025-06-04
copyright: ©2025 Ho et al.
attribution name: Ho et al.

Association between the expression difference of cortisol in umbilical cord blood and discordant growth in dichorionic twins: a cross-sectional survey
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Background This study aimed to assess whether the expression difference of cortisol in umbilical cord blood is associated with dichorionic twin inconsistent growth. Methods This research included 108 patients with dichorionic twin pregnancy delivered at Jiaxing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital between January 2021 and December 2024. Depending on whether or not they had twin inconsistent growth, participants were classified into the discordant twins (DT) group (47 pairs of discordant twins) as the experimental group and the concordant twins (CT) group (61 pairs of concordant twins) as the control group. According to the medical record, the maternal and neonatal information of the two groups were collected, and the differences in the basic conditions between the two groups of maternal and twin fetuses were analyzed. The fetal birth weight of the two groups was weighed, and the cortisol content of the umbilical cord blood was measured by chemiluminescence. Results There were no significant differences in maternal age, gestational age (GA), parity, body and mass index (BMI), mode of conception, delivery time, and fetal gender between the two groups of maternal characteristics. There were also no significant differences in the amniotic fluid depth, umbilical artery standard deviation (SD) value, umbilical cord entanglement, placental shape, and twin gender differences between the two groups of neonates. However, the smaller neonates in the DT group had a higher cortisol level in the umbilical cord blood, with a significant difference, while there was no significant difference in cortisol levels in the umbilical cord blood of the CT group of twin fetuses. Conclusions The difference in cortisol levels in the umbilical cord blood of twin fetuses may be related to the occurrence of inconsistent growth of dichorionic twins.
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Yimin Huang
creator: Hui Zhu
creator: Yi Li
creator: Jianguo Wang
creator: Li Ni
subject: Pediatrics
subject: Statistics
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.19479
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2025 Huang et al.
abstract: Background This study aimed to assess whether the expression difference of cortisol in umbilical cord blood is associated with dichorionic twin inconsistent growth. Methods This research included 108 patients with dichorionic twin pregnancy delivered at Jiaxing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital between January 2021 and December 2024. Depending on whether or not they had twin inconsistent growth, participants were classified into the discordant twins (DT) group (47 pairs of discordant twins) as the experimental group and the concordant twins (CT) group (61 pairs of concordant twins) as the control group. According to the medical record, the maternal and neonatal information of the two groups were collected, and the differences in the basic conditions between the two groups of maternal and twin fetuses were analyzed. The fetal birth weight of the two groups was weighed, and the cortisol content of the umbilical cord blood was measured by chemiluminescence. Results There were no significant differences in maternal age, gestational age (GA), parity, body and mass index (BMI), mode of conception, delivery time, and fetal gender between the two groups of maternal characteristics. There were also no significant differences in the amniotic fluid depth, umbilical artery standard deviation (SD) value, umbilical cord entanglement, placental shape, and twin gender differences between the two groups of neonates. However, the smaller neonates in the DT group had a higher cortisol level in the umbilical cord blood, with a significant difference, while there was no significant difference in cortisol levels in the umbilical cord blood of the CT group of twin fetuses. Conclusions The difference in cortisol levels in the umbilical cord blood of twin fetuses may be related to the occurrence of inconsistent growth of dichorionic twins.
bibliographic citation: Huang et al. (2025) Association between the expression difference of cortisol in umbilical cord blood and discordant growth in dichorionic twins: a cross-sectional survey. PeerJ 13:e19479 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.19479
date submitted: 2024-07-25
date accepted: 2025-04-25
issued: 2025-06-04
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Huang
  given name: Yimin
author list: Agent
  family name: Zhu
  given name: Hui
author list: Agent
  family name: Li
  given name: Yi
author list: Agent
  family name: Wang
  given name: Jianguo
author list: Agent
  family name: Ni
  given name: Li
doi: 10.7717/peerj.19479
volume: 13
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2025-06-04
copyright: ©2025 Huang et al.
attribution name: Huang et al.

Early detection of Cercospora beticola and powdery mildew diseases in sugar beet using uncrewed aerial vehicle-based remote sensing and machine learning
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Background Agricultural production is crucial for nutrition, but it frequently faces challenges such as decreased yield, quality, and overall output due to the adverse effects of diseases and pests. Remote sensing technologies have emerged as valuable tools for diagnosing and monitoring these issues. They offer significant advantages over traditional methods, which are often time-consuming and limited in sampling. High-resolution images from drones and satellites provide fast and accurate solutions for detecting and diagnosing crops’ health and identifying pests and diseases affecting them. Methods The research focused on the early detection of Cercospora leaf spot (Cercospora beticola Sacc.) and powdery mildew (Erysiphe betae (Vaňha) Weltzien), which cause significant economic losses in sugar beet before visible symptoms emerge. The study was accomplished by capturing images of uncrewed aerial vehicle (UAV) in field conditions. To effectively evaluate different detection methods in agricultural contexts, the study targeted two key areas: (1) monitoring Cercospora in fields without pesticide application, utilizing the Metos climate station early warning system alongside UAV-based image analysis, and (2) monitoring powdery mildew, which involved visual disease detection and targeted spraying based on UAV image processing. Trial plots were established for this purpose, with six replications for each method. Results UAV-based images show that Normalized Difference Vegetation Index values in leaves decreased before disease onset. This change is an important warning sign for the emergence of the disease. Additionally, the study demonstrated that early detection of diseases is possible using K-nearest neighbors and logistic regression algorithms, exhibiting high discrimination and predictive accuracy.
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Koç Mehmet Tuğrul
creator: Rıza Kaya
creator: Kemal Özkan
creator: Merve Ceyhan
creator: Uğur Gürel
creator: Fatih Yavuz Fidantemiz
subject: Agricultural Science
subject: Spatial and Geographic Information Science
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.19530
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2025 Tuğrul et al.
abstract: Background Agricultural production is crucial for nutrition, but it frequently faces challenges such as decreased yield, quality, and overall output due to the adverse effects of diseases and pests. Remote sensing technologies have emerged as valuable tools for diagnosing and monitoring these issues. They offer significant advantages over traditional methods, which are often time-consuming and limited in sampling. High-resolution images from drones and satellites provide fast and accurate solutions for detecting and diagnosing crops’ health and identifying pests and diseases affecting them. Methods The research focused on the early detection of Cercospora leaf spot (Cercospora beticola Sacc.) and powdery mildew (Erysiphe betae (Vaňha) Weltzien), which cause significant economic losses in sugar beet before visible symptoms emerge. The study was accomplished by capturing images of uncrewed aerial vehicle (UAV) in field conditions. To effectively evaluate different detection methods in agricultural contexts, the study targeted two key areas: (1) monitoring Cercospora in fields without pesticide application, utilizing the Metos climate station early warning system alongside UAV-based image analysis, and (2) monitoring powdery mildew, which involved visual disease detection and targeted spraying based on UAV image processing. Trial plots were established for this purpose, with six replications for each method. Results UAV-based images show that Normalized Difference Vegetation Index values in leaves decreased before disease onset. This change is an important warning sign for the emergence of the disease. Additionally, the study demonstrated that early detection of diseases is possible using K-nearest neighbors and logistic regression algorithms, exhibiting high discrimination and predictive accuracy.
bibliographic citation: Tuğrul et al. (2025) Early detection of Cercospora beticola and powdery mildew diseases in sugar beet using uncrewed aerial vehicle-based remote sensing and machine learning. PeerJ 13:e19530 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.19530
date submitted: 2024-11-30
date accepted: 2025-05-06
issued: 2025-06-03
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Tuğrul
  given name: Koç Mehmet
author list: Agent
  family name: Kaya
  given name: Rıza
author list: Agent
  family name: Özkan
  given name: Kemal
author list: Agent
  family name: Ceyhan
  given name: Merve
author list: Agent
  family name: Gürel
  given name: Uğur
author list: Agent
  family name: Fidantemiz
  given name: Fatih Yavuz
doi: 10.7717/peerj.19530
volume: 13
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2025-06-03
copyright: © 2025 Tuğrul et al.
attribution name: Tuğrul et al.

Assessment of the fecundity of deep-sea corals in southeastern Brazil
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Deep-sea corals have been facing several anthropogenic threats worldwide, making it increasingly important that studies better understand their reproductive biology and associated cycles. This study described the fecundity of the main habitat-building scleractinian species in three sedimentary basins of southeastern Brazil in two pre-determined periods over 2 years. These basins are responsible for the most significant oil and gas production on the Brazilian coast. The relation between the number of gametes and the size of the individuals’ polyps determines their fecundity. Madrepora oculata, Solenosmilia variabilis, Desmophyllum pertusum (formerly Lophelia pertusa), and Enallopsammia rostrata samples were obtained in 2016 and 2017 and histologically prepared to estimate the reproductive effort of these species. Each oocyte development stage was classified and counted to evaluate the reproduction strategies of each species. A single D. pertusum polyp (collected in May 2017) showed over 241 thousand oocytes and a 167.9 oocytes/mm3 fecundity, typical of periodic reproduction. S. variabilis had the highest average fecundity (53.6 ± 10.7 oocytes/mm3) of the species with a continuous gametogenic cycle. M. oculata showed 23.5 ± 7.03 oocytes/mm3, whereas E. rostrata had the lowest fecundity (3.1 ± 0.7 oocytes/mm3). Fecundity is inversely proportional to oocyte size, and E. rostrata showed the largest oocytes (900 μm), a result aligned with previous studies. Considering the entire sample, the Espírito Santo Basin was the most productive due to its highest average fecundity (followed by the Santos and the Campos Basins) and greatest number of female samples. Notably, 2017 showed the highest average fecundity. The reproductive strategies of organisms play an important role in the ability of species to respond to selective pressures since gamete production (especially oocytes) is energetically expensive and strongly sensitive to environmental conditions. Thus, this study contr…
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Nathália Bastos
creator: Carolina Siqueira Safra Terra
creator: Márcio Alves Siqueira
creator: Lourença Helena de Oliveira Vieira
creator: Caio de Lima Mota
creator: Halesio Milton Correa de Barros Neto
creator: Guarani de Hollanda Cavalcanti
creator: Ricardo Coutinho
subject: Conservation Biology
subject: Ecology
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Zoology
subject: Histology
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.19525
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2025 Bastos et al.
abstract: Deep-sea corals have been facing several anthropogenic threats worldwide, making it increasingly important that studies better understand their reproductive biology and associated cycles. This study described the fecundity of the main habitat-building scleractinian species in three sedimentary basins of southeastern Brazil in two pre-determined periods over 2 years. These basins are responsible for the most significant oil and gas production on the Brazilian coast. The relation between the number of gametes and the size of the individuals’ polyps determines their fecundity. Madrepora oculata, Solenosmilia variabilis, Desmophyllum pertusum (formerly Lophelia pertusa), and Enallopsammia rostrata samples were obtained in 2016 and 2017 and histologically prepared to estimate the reproductive effort of these species. Each oocyte development stage was classified and counted to evaluate the reproduction strategies of each species. A single D. pertusum polyp (collected in May 2017) showed over 241 thousand oocytes and a 167.9 oocytes/mm3 fecundity, typical of periodic reproduction. S. variabilis had the highest average fecundity (53.6 ± 10.7 oocytes/mm3) of the species with a continuous gametogenic cycle. M. oculata showed 23.5 ± 7.03 oocytes/mm3, whereas E. rostrata had the lowest fecundity (3.1 ± 0.7 oocytes/mm3). Fecundity is inversely proportional to oocyte size, and E. rostrata showed the largest oocytes (900 μm), a result aligned with previous studies. Considering the entire sample, the Espírito Santo Basin was the most productive due to its highest average fecundity (followed by the Santos and the Campos Basins) and greatest number of female samples. Notably, 2017 showed the highest average fecundity. The reproductive strategies of organisms play an important role in the ability of species to respond to selective pressures since gamete production (especially oocytes) is energetically expensive and strongly sensitive to environmental conditions. Thus, this study contr…
bibliographic citation: Bastos et al. (2025) Assessment of the fecundity of deep-sea corals in southeastern Brazil. PeerJ 13:e19525 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.19525
date submitted: 2023-01-31
date accepted: 2025-05-05
issued: 2025-06-03
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Bastos
  given name: Nathália
author list: Agent
  family name: Terra
  given name: Carolina Siqueira Safra
author list: Agent
  family name: Siqueira
  given name: Márcio Alves
author list: Agent
  family name: Vieira
  given name: Lourença Helena de Oliveira
author list: Agent
  family name: Mota
  given name: Caio de Lima
author list: Agent
  family name: Barros Neto
  given name: Halesio Milton Correa de
author list: Agent
  family name: Cavalcanti
  given name: Guarani de Hollanda
author list: Agent
  family name: Coutinho
  given name: Ricardo
doi: 10.7717/peerj.19525
volume: 13
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2025-06-03
copyright: © 2025 Bastos et al.
attribution name: Bastos et al.

https://peerj.com/articles/19506
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
title: Optimizing muscle mass and function in advanced lung cancer patients: randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial protocol using High Eicosapentaenoic acid and PROtein (HEPRO) to modulate epigenetics, reduce toxicity and improve gut microbiota
description: Background Lung cancer is strongly associated with malnutrition and detrimental changes in muscle mass (MM), which can lead to reduced quality of life and reduced tolerance to and efficacy of antineoplastic treatment. The loss of MM and myosteatosis (fat infiltration into muscle) have been linked to inflammation in cancer, and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) found in fish oil are known to modulate inflammatory response, lean mass, microbiota, and epigenetic mechanisms. Methods High Eicosapentaenoic acid and PROtein (HEPRO) is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. A total of 50 patients over 20 years of age diagnosed with stage III or IV non-small cell lung cancer with an ECOG performance status of 0–2 who are eligible for systemic treatment will be included and randomized 1:1 into two treatment arms: four fish oil capsules containing 2,100 mg EPA and 924 mg DHA per day versus four placebo capsules containing 2,250 mg oleic acid per day for 4 months. All patients will be instructed to consume 1.5 g protein per kg body weight per day and receive protein supplementation if necessary. MM, myosteatosis, muscle function, handgrip strength, dietary assessment, toxicity, response to treatment, and survival will be assessed. Translational research includes membrane phospholipid composition, gut microbiota, inflammation, and miRNA. MicroRNA will be analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, phospholipids, by gas chromatography, and microbiota, by 16S ribosomal RNA genetic sequencing. Statistical analysis will be conducted using IBM SPSS Statistics V.26 and a multiple regression model will be proposed. Associations with p < 0.05 will be considered significant. Conclusions The HEPRO study aims to evaluate a viable dietary intervention strategy to improve MM and function in patients with lung cancer.
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Imanuely Borchardt
creator: Carla Prado
creator: Tatiane Montella
creator: Gisele Fraga Moreira
creator: Gisele Farias
creator: Marina Xavier Reis
creator: Fernanda Taveira
creator: Fernanda Carneiro Dias
creator: Pedro De Marchi
creator: Alberto Davalos
creator: Carolina Alves Costa Silva
creator: Carlos GilMoreira Ferreira
creator: Andreia Melo
creator: Wilza Peres
subject: Clinical Trials
subject: Nutrition
subject: Oncology
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.19506
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2025 Borchardt et al.
abstract: Background Lung cancer is strongly associated with malnutrition and detrimental changes in muscle mass (MM), which can lead to reduced quality of life and reduced tolerance to and efficacy of antineoplastic treatment. The loss of MM and myosteatosis (fat infiltration into muscle) have been linked to inflammation in cancer, and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) found in fish oil are known to modulate inflammatory response, lean mass, microbiota, and epigenetic mechanisms. Methods High Eicosapentaenoic acid and PROtein (HEPRO) is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. A total of 50 patients over 20 years of age diagnosed with stage III or IV non-small cell lung cancer with an ECOG performance status of 0–2 who are eligible for systemic treatment will be included and randomized 1:1 into two treatment arms: four fish oil capsules containing 2,100 mg EPA and 924 mg DHA per day versus four placebo capsules containing 2,250 mg oleic acid per day for 4 months. All patients will be instructed to consume 1.5 g protein per kg body weight per day and receive protein supplementation if necessary. MM, myosteatosis, muscle function, handgrip strength, dietary assessment, toxicity, response to treatment, and survival will be assessed. Translational research includes membrane phospholipid composition, gut microbiota, inflammation, and miRNA. MicroRNA will be analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, phospholipids, by gas chromatography, and microbiota, by 16S ribosomal RNA genetic sequencing. Statistical analysis will be conducted using IBM SPSS Statistics V.26 and a multiple regression model will be proposed. Associations with p < 0.05 will be considered significant. Conclusions The HEPRO study aims to evaluate a viable dietary intervention strategy to improve MM and function in patients with lung cancer.
bibliographic citation: Borchardt et al. (2025) Optimizing muscle mass and function in advanced lung cancer patients: randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial protocol using High Eicosapentaenoic acid and PROtein (HEPRO) to modulate epigenetics, reduce toxicity and improve gut microbiota. PeerJ 13:e19506 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.19506
date submitted: 2024-11-21
date accepted: 2025-04-30
issued: 2025-06-03
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
author list: Agent
  family name: Borchardt
  given name: Imanuely
author list: Agent
  family name: Prado
  given name: Carla
author list: Agent
  family name: Montella
  given name: Tatiane
author list: Agent
  family name: Moreira
  given name: Gisele Fraga
author list: Agent
  family name: Farias
  given name: Gisele
author list: Agent
  family name: Reis
  given name: Marina Xavier
author list: Agent
  family name: Taveira
  given name: Fernanda
author list: Agent
  family name: Dias
  given name: Fernanda Carneiro
author list: Agent
  family name: De Marchi
  given name: Pedro
author list: Agent
  family name: Davalos
  given name: Alberto
author list: Agent
  family name: Silva
  given name: Carolina Alves Costa
author list: Agent
  family name: Ferreira
  given name: Carlos GilMoreira
author list: Agent
  family name: Melo
  given name: Andreia
author list: Agent
  family name: Peres
  given name: Wilza
doi: 10.7717/peerj.19506
volume: 13
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2025-06-03
copyright: ©2025 Borchardt et al.
attribution name: Borchardt et al.

PeerJ
type: Periodical
uri: PeerJ
issn: 2167-8359