PeerJ
type: channel
link: https://peerj.com/articles/
description: Articles published in PeerJ
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
publication name: PeerJ
issn: 2167-8359
items: Distinct metabolic profiling is correlated with bisexual flowers formation resulting from exogenous ethephon induction in melon (Cucumis melo L.)
items: A bZIP transcription factor, PqbZIP1, is involved in the plant defense response of American ginseng
items: Associations between the rs5498 (A > G) and rs281432 (C > G) polymorphisms of the ICAM1 gene and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk, including hypercholesterolemia
items: Microbial community spatial structures in Luzhou-flavored liquor pit muds with different brewing materials
items: Abubidentin A, New Oleanane-type Triterpene Ester from Abutilon bidentatum and its antioxidant, cholinesterase and antimicrobial activities
items: Comparison of the composition and function of gut microbes between adult and juvenile Cipangopaludina chinensis in the rice snail system
items: Four new species of Ctenodrilus, Raphidrilus, and Raricirrus (Cirratuliformia, Annelida) in Japanese waters, with notes on their phylogenetic position
items: Essential…but also vulnerable? Work intensification, effort/reward imbalance, fatigue and psychological health of Spanish cargo drivers during the COVID-19 pandemic
items: Effect of individualized weight management intervention on excessive gestational weight gain and perinatal outcomes: a randomized controlled trial
items: Increased level of FAM19A5 is associated with cerebral small vessel disease and leads to a better outcome

Distinct metabolic profiling is correlated with bisexual flowers formation resulting from exogenous ethephon induction in melon (Cucumis melo L.)
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Melon (Cucumis melo L.) is an agronomically important vegetable. Most cultivars of melon are andromonoecious and bisexual flowers only emerged from the leaf axil of lateral branches. However, the regulatory mechanism contributing to the occurrence of bisexual flowers were still obscure. In this study, ethephon was applied in two common cultivars of melon. In control without ethephon treatment, no bisexual flower was made in the main stem. However, 6.56 ± 1.42 and 6.63 ± 0.55 bisexual flowers were respectively induced in main stem of ‘Yangjiaocui-QX’ and ‘Lvbao’ after ethephon treatment, and induced bisexual flowers distributed in 12–20 nodes of main stem. During the formation of bisexual flowers, 41 metabolites were significantly up-regulated and 98 metabolites were significantly down-regulated. According to the KEGG enrichment analysis of 139 different metabolites, a total of 30 pathways were mapped and KEGG terms of “Phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis”, “Phenylalanine metabolism” and “Flavone and flavonol biosynthesis” were significantly enriched. In three significantly enriched KEGG terms, shikimic acid, L-tryptophan, L-phenylalanine, and kaempferol were significantly up-regulated while L-tyrosine, 4-hydroxycinnami acid and luteolin were significantly down-regulated in ET compared to CK. Different metabolites were also classified depend on major class features and 14 classes were acquired. The results of metabonomics and endogenous hormone identification indicated that ethylene could enhance the concentration of salicylic acid, methyl jasmonate, ABA and IAA. This study provided an important theoretical foundation for inducing bisexual flowers in main stem and breeding new varieties of melon in future.
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Siyu Fang
creator: Yaqian Duan
creator: Lanchun Nie
creator: Wensheng Zhao
creator: Jiahao Wang
creator: Jiateng Zhao
creator: Liping Zhao
creator: Lei Wang
subject: Agricultural Science
subject: Bioinformatics
subject: Plant Science
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.13088
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2022 Fang et al.
abstract: Melon (Cucumis melo L.) is an agronomically important vegetable. Most cultivars of melon are andromonoecious and bisexual flowers only emerged from the leaf axil of lateral branches. However, the regulatory mechanism contributing to the occurrence of bisexual flowers were still obscure. In this study, ethephon was applied in two common cultivars of melon. In control without ethephon treatment, no bisexual flower was made in the main stem. However, 6.56 ± 1.42 and 6.63 ± 0.55 bisexual flowers were respectively induced in main stem of ‘Yangjiaocui-QX’ and ‘Lvbao’ after ethephon treatment, and induced bisexual flowers distributed in 12–20 nodes of main stem. During the formation of bisexual flowers, 41 metabolites were significantly up-regulated and 98 metabolites were significantly down-regulated. According to the KEGG enrichment analysis of 139 different metabolites, a total of 30 pathways were mapped and KEGG terms of “Phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis”, “Phenylalanine metabolism” and “Flavone and flavonol biosynthesis” were significantly enriched. In three significantly enriched KEGG terms, shikimic acid, L-tryptophan, L-phenylalanine, and kaempferol were significantly up-regulated while L-tyrosine, 4-hydroxycinnami acid and luteolin were significantly down-regulated in ET compared to CK. Different metabolites were also classified depend on major class features and 14 classes were acquired. The results of metabonomics and endogenous hormone identification indicated that ethylene could enhance the concentration of salicylic acid, methyl jasmonate, ABA and IAA. This study provided an important theoretical foundation for inducing bisexual flowers in main stem and breeding new varieties of melon in future.
bibliographic citation: Fang et al. (2022) Distinct metabolic profiling is correlated with bisexual flowers formation resulting from exogenous ethephon induction in melon (Cucumis melo L.). PeerJ 10:e13088 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.13088
date submitted: 2021-10-18
date accepted: 2022-02-17
issued: 2022-03-09
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Fang
  given name: Siyu
author list: Agent
  family name: Duan
  given name: Yaqian
author list: Agent
  family name: Nie
  given name: Lanchun
author list: Agent
  family name: Zhao
  given name: Wensheng
author list: Agent
  family name: Wang
  given name: Jiahao
author list: Agent
  family name: Zhao
  given name: Jiateng
author list: Agent
  family name: Zhao
  given name: Liping
author list: Agent
  family name: Wang
  given name: Lei
doi: 10.7717/peerj.13088
volume: 10
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2022-03-09
copyright: ©2022 Fang et al.
attribution name: Fang et al.

A bZIP transcription factor, PqbZIP1, is involved in the plant defense response of American ginseng
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) is a perennial medicinal plant that has a long usage history in China. However, root rot, which is mainly caused by Fusarium solani can severely reduce the yield and quality of American ginseng, but no disease-resistant variety of American ginseng exists, and the resistance against this disease is not yet well understood. Thus, it is very urgent to analyze the interaction mechanism regulating the interactions between American ginseng and F. solani to mine disease resistance genes. Using transcriptome data and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), we screened the transcription factor PqbZIP1 in response to induction by chitin. Yeast self-activation and subcellular localization experiments proved that PqbZIP1 showed transcriptional activity and was localized in the plant nucleus. In addition, qPCR showed that the highest relative expression level was in the roots, wherein chitin and F. solani inhibited and activated the expression of PqbZIP1, respectively, in American ginseng. Additionally, PqbZIP1 significantly inhibited the growth of the Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato D36E strain in Nicotiana benthamiana, where expressing PqbZIP1 in N. benthamiana increased the jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, and abscisic acid content. Furthermore, PqbZIP1 expression was continually increased upon inoculation with F. solani. Hence, this study revealed that the PqbZIP1 transcription factor might mediate multiple hormonal signaling pathway to modulate root rot disease resistance in American ginseng, and provided important information to breed disease-resistant American ginseng.
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Shanshan Yang
creator: Xiaoxiao Zhang
creator: Ximei Zhang
creator: Yanmeng Bi
creator: Weiwei Gao
subject: Agricultural Science
subject: Microbiology
subject: Mycology
subject: Plant Science
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.12939
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2022 Yang et al.
abstract: American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) is a perennial medicinal plant that has a long usage history in China. However, root rot, which is mainly caused by Fusarium solani can severely reduce the yield and quality of American ginseng, but no disease-resistant variety of American ginseng exists, and the resistance against this disease is not yet well understood. Thus, it is very urgent to analyze the interaction mechanism regulating the interactions between American ginseng and F. solani to mine disease resistance genes. Using transcriptome data and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), we screened the transcription factor PqbZIP1 in response to induction by chitin. Yeast self-activation and subcellular localization experiments proved that PqbZIP1 showed transcriptional activity and was localized in the plant nucleus. In addition, qPCR showed that the highest relative expression level was in the roots, wherein chitin and F. solani inhibited and activated the expression of PqbZIP1, respectively, in American ginseng. Additionally, PqbZIP1 significantly inhibited the growth of the Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato D36E strain in Nicotiana benthamiana, where expressing PqbZIP1 in N. benthamiana increased the jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, and abscisic acid content. Furthermore, PqbZIP1 expression was continually increased upon inoculation with F. solani. Hence, this study revealed that the PqbZIP1 transcription factor might mediate multiple hormonal signaling pathway to modulate root rot disease resistance in American ginseng, and provided important information to breed disease-resistant American ginseng.
bibliographic citation: Yang et al. (2022) A bZIP transcription factor, PqbZIP1, is involved in the plant defense response of American ginseng. PeerJ 10:e12939 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.12939
date submitted: 2021-08-23
date accepted: 2022-01-24
issued: 2022-03-08
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Yang
  given name: Shanshan
author list: Agent
  family name: Zhang
  given name: Xiaoxiao
author list: Agent
  family name: Zhang
  given name: Ximei
author list: Agent
  family name: Bi
  given name: Yanmeng
author list: Agent
  family name: Gao
  given name: Weiwei
doi: 10.7717/peerj.12939
volume: 10
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2022-03-08
copyright: © 2022 Yang et al.
attribution name: Yang et al.

Associations between the rs5498 (A > G) and rs281432 (C > G) polymorphisms of the ICAM1 gene and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk, including hypercholesterolemia
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Background Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) originates from complex risk factors, including age, gender, dyslipidemia, obesity, race, genetic and genetic variation. ICAM1 gene polymorphisms are a significant risk factor for ASCVD. However, the impact of the rs5498 and rs281432 polymorphisms on the prevalence of hypercholesterolemia (HCL) has not been reported. Therefore, we determine the relationships between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), including rs5498 and rs281432 on Intercellular adhesion molecule 1 gene (ICAM1) and ASCVD susceptibility in patients with HCL. Methods The clinical characteristics of 278 participants were assessed, and classified to groups having HCL and without HCL. ICAM1 SNPs genotyping was performed by DNA sequencing, and ICAM1 expression was measured using real-time PCR. Results Positive dominant model rs5498 participants had twice the risk of HCL (95% confidence interval (CI): [1.24–3.23], P = 0.005). The frequency of the G allele in rs5498 was 1.69 times higher in participants with HCL than in controls (95% CI [1.15–2.47], P = 0.007). Participants with the rs5498 AG or GG variants and high ICAM1 mRNA expression (≥3.12) had 2.49 times the risk (95% CI [1.42–4.38], P = 0.001), and those with a high LDL-C concentration (≥3.36 mmol/L) had 2.09 times the risk (95% CI [1.19–3.66], P = 0.010) of developing ASCVD compared with those with low ICAM1 mRNA and LDL-C levels. Interestingly, participants carrying the rs5498 AG or GG variants who had tachycardia (resting heart rates (RHRs) >100 beats/min) had a 5.02-times higher risk than those with a lower RHR (95% CI [1.35–18.63], P = 0.016). Conclusions It may consider the G allele in ICAM1 rs5498 is associated with a higher risk of ASCVD in Thai people with HCL, and is also positively associated with ICAM1 mRNA expression, LDL-C concentration, and RHR.
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Naruemon Wechjakwen
creator: Amornrat Aroonnual
creator: Pattaneeya Prangthip
creator: Ngamphol Soonthornworasiri
creator: Pornpimol Panprathip Phienluphon
creator: Jirayu Lainampetch
creator: Karunee Kwanbunjan
subject: Bioinformatics
subject: Cardiology
subject: Epidemiology
subject: Medical Genetics
subject: Metabolic Sciences
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.12972
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2022 Wechjakwen et al.
abstract: Background Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) originates from complex risk factors, including age, gender, dyslipidemia, obesity, race, genetic and genetic variation. ICAM1 gene polymorphisms are a significant risk factor for ASCVD. However, the impact of the rs5498 and rs281432 polymorphisms on the prevalence of hypercholesterolemia (HCL) has not been reported. Therefore, we determine the relationships between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), including rs5498 and rs281432 on Intercellular adhesion molecule 1 gene (ICAM1) and ASCVD susceptibility in patients with HCL. Methods The clinical characteristics of 278 participants were assessed, and classified to groups having HCL and without HCL. ICAM1 SNPs genotyping was performed by DNA sequencing, and ICAM1 expression was measured using real-time PCR. Results Positive dominant model rs5498 participants had twice the risk of HCL (95% confidence interval (CI): [1.24–3.23], P = 0.005). The frequency of the G allele in rs5498 was 1.69 times higher in participants with HCL than in controls (95% CI [1.15–2.47], P = 0.007). Participants with the rs5498 AG or GG variants and high ICAM1 mRNA expression (≥3.12) had 2.49 times the risk (95% CI [1.42–4.38], P = 0.001), and those with a high LDL-C concentration (≥3.36 mmol/L) had 2.09 times the risk (95% CI [1.19–3.66], P = 0.010) of developing ASCVD compared with those with low ICAM1 mRNA and LDL-C levels. Interestingly, participants carrying the rs5498 AG or GG variants who had tachycardia (resting heart rates (RHRs) >100 beats/min) had a 5.02-times higher risk than those with a lower RHR (95% CI [1.35–18.63], P = 0.016). Conclusions It may consider the G allele in ICAM1 rs5498 is associated with a higher risk of ASCVD in Thai people with HCL, and is also positively associated with ICAM1 mRNA expression, LDL-C concentration, and RHR.
bibliographic citation: Wechjakwen et al. (2022) Associations between the rs5498 (A > G) and rs281432 (C > G) polymorphisms of the ICAM1 gene and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk, including hypercholesterolemia. PeerJ 10:e12972 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.12972
date submitted: 2021-10-26
date accepted: 2022-01-30
issued: 2022-03-08
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Wechjakwen
  given name: Naruemon
author list: Agent
  family name: Aroonnual
  given name: Amornrat
author list: Agent
  family name: Prangthip
  given name: Pattaneeya
author list: Agent
  family name: Soonthornworasiri
  given name: Ngamphol
author list: Agent
  family name: Phienluphon
  given name: Pornpimol Panprathip
author list: Agent
  family name: Lainampetch
  given name: Jirayu
author list: Agent
  family name: Kwanbunjan
  given name: Karunee
doi: 10.7717/peerj.12972
volume: 10
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2022-03-08
copyright: ©2022 Wechjakwen et al.
attribution name: Wechjakwen et al.

Microbial community spatial structures in Luzhou-flavored liquor pit muds with different brewing materials
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Background Although studies have shown that Bacteroidetes, Clostridiales, and Lactobacillales are the main components of the microbial community in pit mud during the brewing of Luzhou-flavored liquor, little is known about the effect of brewing materials on spatial structures of this microbiome. Methods High-throughput sequencing of the V4–V5 region of prokaryotic 16S rRNA gene was performed to analyze the microbial community diversity and spatial heterogeneity in Luzhou-flavored liquor pit muds with different brewing ingredients. The structural characteristics and heterogeneous spatial distribution of the pit mud microbial communities were examined using bioinformatics and multivariate statistical analysis methods. Results Our results showed that Euryarchaeota, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Chlorobi, Chloroflexi, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Synergistetes, Tenericutes, and WWE1 were the dominant phyla in the pit mud microbiome. The Shannon and Simpson indices of the pit mud microbiome with three grains (M3G) in the upper layer were significantly lower than those in middle layer and bottom, whereas those of the pit mud microbiome with five grains (M5G) in bottom were significantly lower than those in middle layer (p < 0.05). There were significant differences in the microbial community compositions between the pit muds with different brewing ingredients and locations in the same pit (p < 0.05). T78 of Anaerolinaceae, Butyrivibrio, Dehalobacter_Syntrophobotulus, Desulfosporosinus, Asteroleplasma, and vadinCA02 of Synergistaceae were significantly enriched in M3G, whereas Prevotella, Vagococcus, Caldicoprobacter, Butyrivibrio, Coprococcus, Dorea, Sporanaerobacter, Tepidimicrobium, TissierellaSoehngenia, RFN20 of Erysipelotrichaceae, Sutterella, 125ds10 of Alteromonadales, Vibrio, and Sphaerochaeta were significantly enriched in M5G. This study provides a theoretical basis for exploring the influence of brewing ingredients in pit muds on the production of Luzhou-flavo…
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format: text/html
creator: Jinjin Li
creator: Hongzhao Sun
creator: Qian Wang
creator: Yunfei Cai
creator: Zhu Shi
creator: Jianlei Jia
creator: Lei Zheng
creator: Ru Jiang
creator: Lingmei Gao
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Food Science and Technology
subject: Microbiology
subject: Molecular Biology
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.12987
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2022 Li et al.
abstract: Background Although studies have shown that Bacteroidetes, Clostridiales, and Lactobacillales are the main components of the microbial community in pit mud during the brewing of Luzhou-flavored liquor, little is known about the effect of brewing materials on spatial structures of this microbiome. Methods High-throughput sequencing of the V4–V5 region of prokaryotic 16S rRNA gene was performed to analyze the microbial community diversity and spatial heterogeneity in Luzhou-flavored liquor pit muds with different brewing ingredients. The structural characteristics and heterogeneous spatial distribution of the pit mud microbial communities were examined using bioinformatics and multivariate statistical analysis methods. Results Our results showed that Euryarchaeota, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Chlorobi, Chloroflexi, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Synergistetes, Tenericutes, and WWE1 were the dominant phyla in the pit mud microbiome. The Shannon and Simpson indices of the pit mud microbiome with three grains (M3G) in the upper layer were significantly lower than those in middle layer and bottom, whereas those of the pit mud microbiome with five grains (M5G) in bottom were significantly lower than those in middle layer (p < 0.05). There were significant differences in the microbial community compositions between the pit muds with different brewing ingredients and locations in the same pit (p < 0.05). T78 of Anaerolinaceae, Butyrivibrio, Dehalobacter_Syntrophobotulus, Desulfosporosinus, Asteroleplasma, and vadinCA02 of Synergistaceae were significantly enriched in M3G, whereas Prevotella, Vagococcus, Caldicoprobacter, Butyrivibrio, Coprococcus, Dorea, Sporanaerobacter, Tepidimicrobium, TissierellaSoehngenia, RFN20 of Erysipelotrichaceae, Sutterella, 125ds10 of Alteromonadales, Vibrio, and Sphaerochaeta were significantly enriched in M5G. This study provides a theoretical basis for exploring the influence of brewing ingredients in pit muds on the production of Luzhou-flavo…
bibliographic citation: Li et al. (2022) Microbial community spatial structures in Luzhou-flavored liquor pit muds with different brewing materials. PeerJ 10:e12987 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.12987
date submitted: 2021-11-26
date accepted: 2022-02-01
issued: 2022-03-08
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Li
  given name: Jinjin
author list: Agent
  family name: Sun
  given name: Hongzhao
author list: Agent
  family name: Wang
  given name: Qian
author list: Agent
  family name: Cai
  given name: Yunfei
author list: Agent
  family name: Shi
  given name: Zhu
author list: Agent
  family name: Jia
  given name: Jianlei
author list: Agent
  family name: Zheng
  given name: Lei
author list: Agent
  family name: Jiang
  given name: Ru
author list: Agent
  family name: Gao
  given name: Lingmei
doi: 10.7717/peerj.12987
volume: 10
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2022-03-08
copyright: © 2022 Li et al.
attribution name: Li et al.

Abubidentin A, New Oleanane-type Triterpene Ester from Abutilon bidentatum and its antioxidant, cholinesterase and antimicrobial activities
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Background This work describes the phytochemical and biological investigation of aerial parts of Abutilon bidentatum Hochst. Of Saudi origin. Methodology Petroleum ether fraction of ethanolic extract A. bidentatum was fractionated on a silica gel column and further purified with different chromatographic procedures for the isolation of chemical compounds. The chemical structures of all the pure isolated compounds were elucidated by the interpretation of their spectral data using IR, UV, 1H, 13C NMR, and MS spectroscopy and chemical methods (alkaline hydrolysis) as well as comparison with data reported in the literature. The extract and isolated compounds were evaluated for antioxidant, cholinesterase inhibitory, and antimicrobial activities. Results A new oleanane-type triterpene ester, namely abubidentin A (3) (α, 3β, 30-trihydroxy-29-carboxy-olean-9(11), 12-diene-3-dotriacontanoate), along with two known compounds: 2-hydroxydocosanoic acid (1) and stigmasta-22-ene-3-β-ol (2) were isolated from the aerial parts of Abutilon bidentatum Hochst. (Malvaceae). Concerning the biological potential, the abubidentinA displayed antioxidant, cholinesterase inhibitory and antimicrobial activities. AbubidentinA possessed strong antioxidant activity against DPPH and ABTS+ radical scavenging assays. This new triterpene exhibited high inhibition against acetylcholinesterase (IC50 38.13 ± 0.07 µgmL−1) and butyrylcholinesterase (IC50 32.68 ± 0.37 µgmL−1). Abubidentin A displayed promising antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus (125–150 µgmL−1). Conclusion These findings suggest A. bidentatum can contribute as a source of new biologically active compounds, especially antioxidants and antimicrobial agents.
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Gadah A. Al-Hamoud
creator: Nawal M. Al-Musayeib
creator: Musarat Amina
creator: Sabrin R.M. Ibrahim
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Biomolecules
subject: Bioorganic Chemistry
subject: Natural Products
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.13040
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2022 Al-Hamoud et al.
abstract: Background This work describes the phytochemical and biological investigation of aerial parts of Abutilon bidentatum Hochst. Of Saudi origin. Methodology Petroleum ether fraction of ethanolic extract A. bidentatum was fractionated on a silica gel column and further purified with different chromatographic procedures for the isolation of chemical compounds. The chemical structures of all the pure isolated compounds were elucidated by the interpretation of their spectral data using IR, UV, 1H, 13C NMR, and MS spectroscopy and chemical methods (alkaline hydrolysis) as well as comparison with data reported in the literature. The extract and isolated compounds were evaluated for antioxidant, cholinesterase inhibitory, and antimicrobial activities. Results A new oleanane-type triterpene ester, namely abubidentin A (3) (α, 3β, 30-trihydroxy-29-carboxy-olean-9(11), 12-diene-3-dotriacontanoate), along with two known compounds: 2-hydroxydocosanoic acid (1) and stigmasta-22-ene-3-β-ol (2) were isolated from the aerial parts of Abutilon bidentatum Hochst. (Malvaceae). Concerning the biological potential, the abubidentinA displayed antioxidant, cholinesterase inhibitory and antimicrobial activities. AbubidentinA possessed strong antioxidant activity against DPPH and ABTS+ radical scavenging assays. This new triterpene exhibited high inhibition against acetylcholinesterase (IC50 38.13 ± 0.07 µgmL−1) and butyrylcholinesterase (IC50 32.68 ± 0.37 µgmL−1). Abubidentin A displayed promising antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus (125–150 µgmL−1). Conclusion These findings suggest A. bidentatum can contribute as a source of new biologically active compounds, especially antioxidants and antimicrobial agents.
bibliographic citation: Al-Hamoud et al. (2022) Abubidentin A, New Oleanane-type Triterpene Ester from Abutilon bidentatum and its antioxidant, cholinesterase and antimicrobial activities. PeerJ 10:e13040 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.13040
date submitted: 2021-10-25
date accepted: 2022-02-09
issued: 2022-03-08
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Al-Hamoud
  given name: Gadah A.
author list: Agent
  family name: Al-Musayeib
  given name: Nawal M.
author list: Agent
  family name: Amina
  given name: Musarat
author list: Agent
  family name: Ibrahim
  given name: Sabrin R.M.
doi: 10.7717/peerj.13040
volume: 10
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2022-03-08
copyright: ©2022 Al-Hamoud et al.
attribution name: Al-Hamoud et al.

Comparison of the composition and function of gut microbes between adult and juvenile Cipangopaludina chinensis in the rice snail system
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Cipangopaludina chinensis is an important economic value snail species with high medicinal value. The gut microbes of aquatic animals plays a vital role in food digestion and nutrient absorption. Herein, we aimed at high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA to further investigate whether there were differences in the composition and function of gut microbes of adult and juvenile C. chinensis snails, as well as sediments. This study found that the microbial diversity of the sediment was significantly higher than that of the snails gut (P < 0.001), but there was no significant difference between the gut flora of adult and juvenile snails (P > 0.05). A total of 47 phyla and 644 genera were identified from all samples. Proteobacteria and Verrucomicrobia were the two dominant phyla in all samples, and overall relative abundances was 48.2% and 14.2%, respectively. Moreover, the relative abundances of Aeromonas and Luteolibacter in the gut of juvenile snails (30.8%, 11.8%) were higher than those of adults (27.7%, 10.6%) at the genus level (P > 0.05). Then, four indicator genera were found, namely Flavobacterium, Silanimonas, Geobacter and Zavarzinella, and they abundance in the gut of juvenile snails was significantly higher than that of adults (P < 0.05). This results imply the potential development of Silanimonas as a bait for juvenile snail openings. We observed that Aeromonas was the primary biomarker of the snail gut and sediments (P < 0.001), and it may be a cellulose-degrading bacteria. Function prediction revealed significantly better biochemical function in the snail gut than sediments (P < 0.001), but no significant differences in adult and juvenile snail (P > 0.05). In conclusion, studies show that the snail gut and sediment microbial composition differ, but the two were very similar. The microbial composition of the snail gut was relatively stable and has similar biological functions. These findings provide valuable information for in-depth understanding of the re…
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creator: Kangqi Zhou
creator: Junqi Qin
creator: Haifeng Pang
creator: Zhong Chen
creator: Yin Huang
creator: Wenhong Li
creator: Xuesong Du
creator: Luting Wen
creator: Xianhui Pan
creator: Yong Lin
subject: Microbiology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Zoology
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.13042
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2022 Zhou et al.
abstract: Cipangopaludina chinensis is an important economic value snail species with high medicinal value. The gut microbes of aquatic animals plays a vital role in food digestion and nutrient absorption. Herein, we aimed at high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA to further investigate whether there were differences in the composition and function of gut microbes of adult and juvenile C. chinensis snails, as well as sediments. This study found that the microbial diversity of the sediment was significantly higher than that of the snails gut (P < 0.001), but there was no significant difference between the gut flora of adult and juvenile snails (P > 0.05). A total of 47 phyla and 644 genera were identified from all samples. Proteobacteria and Verrucomicrobia were the two dominant phyla in all samples, and overall relative abundances was 48.2% and 14.2%, respectively. Moreover, the relative abundances of Aeromonas and Luteolibacter in the gut of juvenile snails (30.8%, 11.8%) were higher than those of adults (27.7%, 10.6%) at the genus level (P > 0.05). Then, four indicator genera were found, namely Flavobacterium, Silanimonas, Geobacter and Zavarzinella, and they abundance in the gut of juvenile snails was significantly higher than that of adults (P < 0.05). This results imply the potential development of Silanimonas as a bait for juvenile snail openings. We observed that Aeromonas was the primary biomarker of the snail gut and sediments (P < 0.001), and it may be a cellulose-degrading bacteria. Function prediction revealed significantly better biochemical function in the snail gut than sediments (P < 0.001), but no significant differences in adult and juvenile snail (P > 0.05). In conclusion, studies show that the snail gut and sediment microbial composition differ, but the two were very similar. The microbial composition of the snail gut was relatively stable and has similar biological functions. These findings provide valuable information for in-depth understanding of the re…
bibliographic citation: Zhou et al. (2022) Comparison of the composition and function of gut microbes between adult and juvenile Cipangopaludina chinensis in the rice snail system. PeerJ 10:e13042 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.13042
date submitted: 2021-11-17
date accepted: 2022-02-10
issued: 2022-03-08
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Zhou
  given name: Kangqi
author list: Agent
  family name: Qin
  given name: Junqi
author list: Agent
  family name: Pang
  given name: Haifeng
author list: Agent
  family name: Chen
  given name: Zhong
author list: Agent
  family name: Huang
  given name: Yin
author list: Agent
  family name: Li
  given name: Wenhong
author list: Agent
  family name: Du
  given name: Xuesong
author list: Agent
  family name: Wen
  given name: Luting
author list: Agent
  family name: Pan
  given name: Xianhui
author list: Agent
  family name: Lin
  given name: Yong
doi: 10.7717/peerj.13042
volume: 10
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2022-03-08
copyright: © 2022 Zhou et al.
attribution name: Zhou et al.

Four new species of Ctenodrilus, Raphidrilus, and Raricirrus (Cirratuliformia, Annelida) in Japanese waters, with notes on their phylogenetic position
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Four new species of annelids, Ctenodrilus japonicus sp. nov., Raphidrilus misakiensis sp. nov., Raphidrilus okinawaensis sp. nov., and Raricirrus anubis sp. nov., are described based on specimens collected from Japanese waters. Ctenodrilus japonicus sp. nov. inhabits the interstitial environment and can be distinguished from the other congeners by the following features: (i) total of 16 chaetigers, (ii) chaetigers 1–3 with stout hooks, (iii) minute body (approximately 1 mm in length), (iv) all parapodia with the same number of chaetae (two notochaetae; two neurochaetae), and (v) presence of dorsal and ventral papillae. Raphidrilus misakiensis sp. nov. lives under intertidal stones and can be distinguished from other congeners by having pectinate neurochaetae. Raphidrilus okinawaensis sp. nov. inhabits the interstitial environment and can be distinguished from other congeners by: (i) absence of annulation on the peristomium and achaetous segment and (ii) presence of a heart body in chaetigers 4–5. Raricirrus anubis sp. nov. inhabits whale bones and can be distinguished from other congeners by the following features: (i) presence of a heart body in chaetigers 9–14, (ii) presence of capillary neurochaetae on chaetiger 1, and (iii) presence of simple curved spines. A phylogenetic tree based on partial sequences of cytochrome c oxidase subunit I and 16S rRNA from the new species and other cirratulid worms showed that Raphidrilus is included in Cirratuliformia. This is the first record of Raphidrilus and Raricirrus from Japanese waters.
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Naoto Jimi
creator: Shinta Fujimoto
creator: Yoshihiro Fujiwara
creator: Kohei Oguchi
creator: Toru Miura
subject: Biodiversity
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Taxonomy
subject: Zoology
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.13044
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2022 Jimi et al.
abstract: Four new species of annelids, Ctenodrilus japonicus sp. nov., Raphidrilus misakiensis sp. nov., Raphidrilus okinawaensis sp. nov., and Raricirrus anubis sp. nov., are described based on specimens collected from Japanese waters. Ctenodrilus japonicus sp. nov. inhabits the interstitial environment and can be distinguished from the other congeners by the following features: (i) total of 16 chaetigers, (ii) chaetigers 1–3 with stout hooks, (iii) minute body (approximately 1 mm in length), (iv) all parapodia with the same number of chaetae (two notochaetae; two neurochaetae), and (v) presence of dorsal and ventral papillae. Raphidrilus misakiensis sp. nov. lives under intertidal stones and can be distinguished from other congeners by having pectinate neurochaetae. Raphidrilus okinawaensis sp. nov. inhabits the interstitial environment and can be distinguished from other congeners by: (i) absence of annulation on the peristomium and achaetous segment and (ii) presence of a heart body in chaetigers 4–5. Raricirrus anubis sp. nov. inhabits whale bones and can be distinguished from other congeners by the following features: (i) presence of a heart body in chaetigers 9–14, (ii) presence of capillary neurochaetae on chaetiger 1, and (iii) presence of simple curved spines. A phylogenetic tree based on partial sequences of cytochrome c oxidase subunit I and 16S rRNA from the new species and other cirratulid worms showed that Raphidrilus is included in Cirratuliformia. This is the first record of Raphidrilus and Raricirrus from Japanese waters.
bibliographic citation: Jimi et al. (2022) Four new species of Ctenodrilus, Raphidrilus, and Raricirrus (Cirratuliformia, Annelida) in Japanese waters, with notes on their phylogenetic position. PeerJ 10:e13044 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.13044
date submitted: 2021-07-29
date accepted: 2022-02-10
issued: 2022-03-08
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Jimi
  given name: Naoto
author list: Agent
  family name: Fujimoto
  given name: Shinta
author list: Agent
  family name: Fujiwara
  given name: Yoshihiro
author list: Agent
  family name: Oguchi
  given name: Kohei
author list: Agent
  family name: Miura
  given name: Toru
doi: 10.7717/peerj.13044
volume: 10
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2022-03-08
copyright: © 2022 Jimi et al.
attribution name: Jimi et al.

Essential…but also vulnerable? Work intensification, effort/reward imbalance, fatigue and psychological health of Spanish cargo drivers during the COVID-19 pandemic
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Objective This study investigates the combined effect of the Effort/Reward Imbalance (ERI) model of stress and work intensification within the context of the COVID-19 pandemic on the psychological health (general and work-related fatigue, and psychological strain) of cargo drivers, one of the most demanded workforces during the first year of this pandemic. Methods For this cross-sectional research, the data provided by n = 1,013 professional drivers from the different 17 autonomous communities (regions) of Spain were analyzed. Participants answered a questionnaire composed of the short version of the Effort Reward Imbalance (ERI) questionnaire, a Work Intensification Scale (WIS) designed for this study, the fatigue subscale of the Checklist Individual Strength (CIS), the Need for Recovery after Work Scale (NFR), and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ). Results Hierarchical regression analyses show that both (ERI and work intensification) models significantly predict driver’s fatigue and psychological strain. The effect of work intensification exists above and beyond the effect of effort/reward imbalance, which has been previously related to the safety performance of cargo drivers. Conclusions These findings suggest that the ERI and work intensification models can be complementarily used, especially in scenarios introducing substantial changes in the work environment, such as the COVID-19 crisis. Also, the results of this study support the need to intervene in the working conditions of professional drivers in order to improve their psychological health and well-being during both pandemic and post-pandemic times, as crisis-related management interventions are necessary to promote health and safety in professional drivers in potentially similar contexts in the future.
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Luis Montoro
creator: Boris Cendales
creator: Francisco Alonso
creator: Adela Gonzalez-Marin
creator: Ignacio Lijarcio
creator: Javier Llamazares
creator: Sergio A. Useche
subject: Health Policy
subject: Psychiatry and Psychology
subject: Public Health
subject: Medical Genetics
subject: Mental Health
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.13050
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2022 Montoro et al.
abstract: Objective This study investigates the combined effect of the Effort/Reward Imbalance (ERI) model of stress and work intensification within the context of the COVID-19 pandemic on the psychological health (general and work-related fatigue, and psychological strain) of cargo drivers, one of the most demanded workforces during the first year of this pandemic. Methods For this cross-sectional research, the data provided by n = 1,013 professional drivers from the different 17 autonomous communities (regions) of Spain were analyzed. Participants answered a questionnaire composed of the short version of the Effort Reward Imbalance (ERI) questionnaire, a Work Intensification Scale (WIS) designed for this study, the fatigue subscale of the Checklist Individual Strength (CIS), the Need for Recovery after Work Scale (NFR), and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ). Results Hierarchical regression analyses show that both (ERI and work intensification) models significantly predict driver’s fatigue and psychological strain. The effect of work intensification exists above and beyond the effect of effort/reward imbalance, which has been previously related to the safety performance of cargo drivers. Conclusions These findings suggest that the ERI and work intensification models can be complementarily used, especially in scenarios introducing substantial changes in the work environment, such as the COVID-19 crisis. Also, the results of this study support the need to intervene in the working conditions of professional drivers in order to improve their psychological health and well-being during both pandemic and post-pandemic times, as crisis-related management interventions are necessary to promote health and safety in professional drivers in potentially similar contexts in the future.
bibliographic citation: Montoro et al. (2022) Essential…but also vulnerable? Work intensification, effort/reward imbalance, fatigue and psychological health of Spanish cargo drivers during the COVID-19 pandemic. PeerJ 10:e13050 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.13050
date submitted: 2021-10-01
date accepted: 2022-02-11
issued: 2022-03-08
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Montoro
  given name: Luis
author list: Agent
  family name: Cendales
  given name: Boris
author list: Agent
  family name: Alonso
  given name: Francisco
author list: Agent
  family name: Gonzalez-Marin
  given name: Adela
author list: Agent
  family name: Lijarcio
  given name: Ignacio
author list: Agent
  family name: Llamazares
  given name: Javier
author list: Agent
  family name: Useche
  given name: Sergio A.
doi: 10.7717/peerj.13050
volume: 10
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2022-03-08
copyright: © 2022 Montoro et al.
attribution name: Montoro et al.

Effect of individualized weight management intervention on excessive gestational weight gain and perinatal outcomes: a randomized controlled trial
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: It is unclear whether weight management is still effective for pregnant women with excessive weight gain in the second or third trimester in China. This study adopted individualized weight management intervention for pregnant women with abnormal weight gain in the second or third trimester, to analyze the effect of intervention by observing the gestational weight gain and perinatal outcomes. This randomized controlled trial was performed at Aerospace Center Hospital. The obstetrician determined whether the pregnant women gained too much weight in the second or third trimester according to the Institute of Medicine guidelines, and randomly divided the pregnant women who gained too much weight in the second or third trimester into the intervention group or the control group according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The pregnant women in the intervention group and in the control group all received routine prenatal examination and diet nutrition education by the doctors in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology. The intervention group underwent individualized weight management, including individualized diet, exercise, psychological assessment, cognitive intervention and continuous communication, the whole process is tracked and managed by professional nutritionists. The obstetrician collected the prenatal examination data and pregnancy outcome data of all enrolled pregnant women. The primary outcome measure was weight gain during pregnancy. A generalized linear model and a logistic regression model were used to compare the outcomes between the two groups. In total, 348 pregnant women participated in this study with 203 in the intervention group and 145 in the control group. The whole gestational weight gain in the intervention group (15.8 ± 5.4 Kg) was lower than that in the control group (17.5 ± 3.6 Kg; adjusted β = − 1.644; 95% CI [−2.660–−0.627]; P = 0.002). The percent of pregnant women with excessive weight gainbefore delivery was 54.2% (110/203) in t…
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Mei-Yan Xu
creator: Yan-Jun Guo
creator: Li-Juan Zhang
creator: Qing-Bin Lu
subject: Clinical Trials
subject: Gynecology and Obstetrics
subject: Nutrition
subject: Women’s Health
subject: Metabolic Sciences
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.13067
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2022 Xu et al.
abstract: It is unclear whether weight management is still effective for pregnant women with excessive weight gain in the second or third trimester in China. This study adopted individualized weight management intervention for pregnant women with abnormal weight gain in the second or third trimester, to analyze the effect of intervention by observing the gestational weight gain and perinatal outcomes. This randomized controlled trial was performed at Aerospace Center Hospital. The obstetrician determined whether the pregnant women gained too much weight in the second or third trimester according to the Institute of Medicine guidelines, and randomly divided the pregnant women who gained too much weight in the second or third trimester into the intervention group or the control group according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The pregnant women in the intervention group and in the control group all received routine prenatal examination and diet nutrition education by the doctors in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology. The intervention group underwent individualized weight management, including individualized diet, exercise, psychological assessment, cognitive intervention and continuous communication, the whole process is tracked and managed by professional nutritionists. The obstetrician collected the prenatal examination data and pregnancy outcome data of all enrolled pregnant women. The primary outcome measure was weight gain during pregnancy. A generalized linear model and a logistic regression model were used to compare the outcomes between the two groups. In total, 348 pregnant women participated in this study with 203 in the intervention group and 145 in the control group. The whole gestational weight gain in the intervention group (15.8 ± 5.4 Kg) was lower than that in the control group (17.5 ± 3.6 Kg; adjusted β = − 1.644; 95% CI [−2.660–−0.627]; P = 0.002). The percent of pregnant women with excessive weight gainbefore delivery was 54.2% (110/203) in t…
bibliographic citation: Xu et al. (2022) Effect of individualized weight management intervention on excessive gestational weight gain and perinatal outcomes: a randomized controlled trial. PeerJ 10:e13067 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.13067
date submitted: 2021-06-07
date accepted: 2022-02-15
issued: 2022-03-08
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Xu
  given name: Mei-Yan
author list: Agent
  family name: Guo
  given name: Yan-Jun
author list: Agent
  family name: Zhang
  given name: Li-Juan
author list: Agent
  family name: Lu
  given name: Qing-Bin
doi: 10.7717/peerj.13067
volume: 10
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2022-03-08
copyright: ©2022 Xu et al.
attribution name: Xu et al.

Increased level of FAM19A5 is associated with cerebral small vessel disease and leads to a better outcome
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Objective FAM19A5 plays an essential role in the development and acute or chronic inflammation of the central nervous system. The present study aimed to explore the association between FAM19A5 and cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD). Methods A total of 344 recent small subcortical infarct (RSSI) patients and 265 healthy controls were included in this study. The difference in the FAM19A5 level between the two groups was compared and the correlation between FAM19A5 and cerebral infarction volume was analyzed. Also, the association between FAM19A5 and the total magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) burden with its imaging characteristics was explored. Moreover, the correspondence of FAM19A5 with the outcome was assessed via Δ National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score (NIHSS) and the percentage of NIHSS improvement. Results FAM19A5 was highly expressed in the RSSI group (P = 0.023), showing a positive correlation with cerebral infarction volume (P < 0.01). It was positively correlated with total MRI cSVD burden (P < 0.001) and reflected the severity of white matter hyperintensity (WMH) (P < 0.01) and enlarged perivascular space (EPVS) (P < 0.01), but did not show any association with cerebral microbleed (CMB) and lacune. Moreover, FAM19A5 suggested a larger Δ NIHSS (P = 0.021) and NIHSS improvement percentage (P = 0.007). Conclusion Serum FAM19A5 was increased in RSSI and positively correlated with the infarct volume. It also reflects the total MRI burden of cSVD, of which the imaging characteristics are positively correlated with WMH and EPVS. In addition, higher FAM19A5 levels reflect better outcomes in RSSI patients.
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Zhongnan Hao
creator: Shaonan Yang
creator: Ruihua Yin
creator: Jin Wei
creator: Yuan Wang
creator: Xudong Pan
creator: Aijun Ma
subject: Cardiology
subject: Neurology
subject: Medical Genetics
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.13101
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2022 Hao et al.
abstract: Objective FAM19A5 plays an essential role in the development and acute or chronic inflammation of the central nervous system. The present study aimed to explore the association between FAM19A5 and cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD). Methods A total of 344 recent small subcortical infarct (RSSI) patients and 265 healthy controls were included in this study. The difference in the FAM19A5 level between the two groups was compared and the correlation between FAM19A5 and cerebral infarction volume was analyzed. Also, the association between FAM19A5 and the total magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) burden with its imaging characteristics was explored. Moreover, the correspondence of FAM19A5 with the outcome was assessed via Δ National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score (NIHSS) and the percentage of NIHSS improvement. Results FAM19A5 was highly expressed in the RSSI group (P = 0.023), showing a positive correlation with cerebral infarction volume (P < 0.01). It was positively correlated with total MRI cSVD burden (P < 0.001) and reflected the severity of white matter hyperintensity (WMH) (P < 0.01) and enlarged perivascular space (EPVS) (P < 0.01), but did not show any association with cerebral microbleed (CMB) and lacune. Moreover, FAM19A5 suggested a larger Δ NIHSS (P = 0.021) and NIHSS improvement percentage (P = 0.007). Conclusion Serum FAM19A5 was increased in RSSI and positively correlated with the infarct volume. It also reflects the total MRI burden of cSVD, of which the imaging characteristics are positively correlated with WMH and EPVS. In addition, higher FAM19A5 levels reflect better outcomes in RSSI patients.
bibliographic citation: Hao et al. (2022) Increased level of FAM19A5 is associated with cerebral small vessel disease and leads to a better outcome. PeerJ 10:e13101 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.13101
date submitted: 2022-01-13
date accepted: 2022-02-21
issued: 2022-03-08
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Hao
  given name: Zhongnan
author list: Agent
  family name: Yang
  given name: Shaonan
author list: Agent
  family name: Yin
  given name: Ruihua
author list: Agent
  family name: Wei
  given name: Jin
author list: Agent
  family name: Wang
  given name: Yuan
author list: Agent
  family name: Pan
  given name: Xudong
author list: Agent
  family name: Ma
  given name: Aijun
doi: 10.7717/peerj.13101
volume: 10
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2022-03-08
copyright: ©2022 Hao et al.
attribution name: Hao et al.

PeerJ
type: Periodical
uri: PeerJ
issn: 2167-8359