PeerJ
type: channel
link: https://peerj.com/articles/
description: Articles published in PeerJ
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
publication name: PeerJ
issn: 2167-8359
items: E161111 is an ultra-short-acting etomidate analogue with stable haemodynamics that elicits only slight adrenocortical suppression in rats
items: The effects of isometric hand grip force on wrist kinematics and forearm muscle activity during radial and ulnar wrist joint perturbations
items: Indian nurses’ beliefs on physical activity promotion practices for cancer survivors in a tertiary care hospital—a cross-sectional survey
items: https://peerj.com/articles/13383
items: Psychometric properties of the general self-efficacy scale among Thais with type 2 diabetes: a multicenter study
items: Mental health problems among hotline callers during the early stage of COVID-19 pandemic
items: Associations between lower limb eccentric muscle capability and change of direction speed in basketball and tennis players
items: Aflatoxin B1 exposure disrupts organelle distribution in mouse oocytes
items: Land use/land cover changes in the central part of the Chitwan Annapurna Landscape, Nepal
items: Determining the optimal areas of effort in terms of force and force-velocity based on the functional state of the neuromuscular system in the training of elite female judokas

E161111 is an ultra-short-acting etomidate analogue with stable haemodynamics that elicits only slight adrenocortical suppression in rats
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Purpose We report on a novel ultra-short-acting etomidate analogue, E161111, which has the same primary metabolite as etomidate. Methods The metabolic rate of E161111 was determined in rat plasma and liver homogenate. Rats were infused for 30 or 60 min to maintain light sedation at Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale (RASS) for −2 to 0 score. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) was monitored during 30 min infusion. The serum corticosterone was determined during and 3 h after infusion as a measure of adrenocortical function. Results E161111 was not detected in rat plasma at 1 min (t1/2 = 6.69 ± 0.07 s) and in rat liver homogenates at 5 min (t1/2 = 10.20 ± 3.76 s); its main metabolic product was etomidate acid. The recovery time from loss of righting reflex (LORR) was 4.3 ± 1.5 min after 1-h infusion of E161111. During 30 min infusion, E161111 did not cause MAP changes. The stimulated serum corticosterone levels after 1-h infusion of E161111 were significantly higher than that after 1-h infusion of etomidate at all time points tested for the 3 h study. Conclusions E161111 was metabolised rapidly, the metabolites were same as etomidate, and the recovery time after 1-h infusion was short. It elicited haemodynamic stability and milder suppression of corticosterone than that elicited by etomidate.
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Bin Wang
creator: Deying Gong
creator: Yi Kang
creator: Jin Liu
creator: Jun Yang
creator: Wen-sheng Zhang
subject: Animal Behavior
subject: Toxicology
subject: Anesthesiology and Pain Management
subject: Translational Medicine
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.13492
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2022 Wang et al.
abstract: Purpose We report on a novel ultra-short-acting etomidate analogue, E161111, which has the same primary metabolite as etomidate. Methods The metabolic rate of E161111 was determined in rat plasma and liver homogenate. Rats were infused for 30 or 60 min to maintain light sedation at Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale (RASS) for −2 to 0 score. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) was monitored during 30 min infusion. The serum corticosterone was determined during and 3 h after infusion as a measure of adrenocortical function. Results E161111 was not detected in rat plasma at 1 min (t1/2 = 6.69 ± 0.07 s) and in rat liver homogenates at 5 min (t1/2 = 10.20 ± 3.76 s); its main metabolic product was etomidate acid. The recovery time from loss of righting reflex (LORR) was 4.3 ± 1.5 min after 1-h infusion of E161111. During 30 min infusion, E161111 did not cause MAP changes. The stimulated serum corticosterone levels after 1-h infusion of E161111 were significantly higher than that after 1-h infusion of etomidate at all time points tested for the 3 h study. Conclusions E161111 was metabolised rapidly, the metabolites were same as etomidate, and the recovery time after 1-h infusion was short. It elicited haemodynamic stability and milder suppression of corticosterone than that elicited by etomidate.
bibliographic citation: Wang et al. (2022) E161111 is an ultra-short-acting etomidate analogue with stable haemodynamics that elicits only slight adrenocortical suppression in rats. PeerJ 10:e13492 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.13492
date submitted: 2021-12-21
date accepted: 2022-05-03
issued: 2022-05-24
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Wang
  given name: Bin
author list: Agent
  family name: Gong
  given name: Deying
author list: Agent
  family name: Kang
  given name: Yi
author list: Agent
  family name: Liu
  given name: Jin
author list: Agent
  family name: Yang
  given name: Jun
author list: Agent
  family name: Zhang
  given name: Wen-sheng
doi: 10.7717/peerj.13492
volume: 10
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2022-05-24
copyright: © 2022 Wang et al.
attribution name: Wang et al.

The effects of isometric hand grip force on wrist kinematics and forearm muscle activity during radial and ulnar wrist joint perturbations
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: The purpose of this work was to investigate forearm muscle activity and wrist angular displacement during radial and ulnar wrist perturbations across various isometric hand grip demands. Surface electromyography (EMG) was recorded from eight muscles of the upper extremity. A robotic device delivered perturbations to the hand in the radial and ulnar directions across four pre-perturbation grip magnitudes. Angular displacement and time to peak displacement following perturbations were evaluated. Muscle activity was evaluated pre- and post-perturbation. Results showed an inverse relationship between grip force and angular displacement (p ≤ 0.001). Time to peak displacement decreased as grip force increased (p ≤ 0.001). There was an increase in muscle activity with higher grip forces across all muscles both pre-and post-perturbation (p ≤ 0.001) and a greater average muscle activity in ulnar as compared to radial deviation (p = 0.02). This work contributes to the wrist joint stiffness literature by relating wrist angular displacement to grip demands during novel radial/ulnar perturbations and provides insight into neuromuscular control strategies.
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Kailynn Mannella
creator: Garrick N. Forman
creator: Maddalena Mugnosso
creator: Jacopo Zenzeri
creator: Michael W. R. Holmes
subject: Anatomy and Physiology
subject: Kinesiology
subject: Orthopedics
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.13495
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2022 Mannella et al.
abstract: The purpose of this work was to investigate forearm muscle activity and wrist angular displacement during radial and ulnar wrist perturbations across various isometric hand grip demands. Surface electromyography (EMG) was recorded from eight muscles of the upper extremity. A robotic device delivered perturbations to the hand in the radial and ulnar directions across four pre-perturbation grip magnitudes. Angular displacement and time to peak displacement following perturbations were evaluated. Muscle activity was evaluated pre- and post-perturbation. Results showed an inverse relationship between grip force and angular displacement (p ≤ 0.001). Time to peak displacement decreased as grip force increased (p ≤ 0.001). There was an increase in muscle activity with higher grip forces across all muscles both pre-and post-perturbation (p ≤ 0.001) and a greater average muscle activity in ulnar as compared to radial deviation (p = 0.02). This work contributes to the wrist joint stiffness literature by relating wrist angular displacement to grip demands during novel radial/ulnar perturbations and provides insight into neuromuscular control strategies.
bibliographic citation: Mannella et al. (2022) The effects of isometric hand grip force on wrist kinematics and forearm muscle activity during radial and ulnar wrist joint perturbations. PeerJ 10:e13495 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.13495
date submitted: 2021-05-06
date accepted: 2022-05-04
issued: 2022-05-24
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Mannella
  given name: Kailynn
author list: Agent
  family name: Forman
  given name: Garrick N.
author list: Agent
  family name: Mugnosso
  given name: Maddalena
author list: Agent
  family name: Zenzeri
  given name: Jacopo
author list: Agent
  family name: Holmes
  given name: Michael W. R.
doi: 10.7717/peerj.13495
volume: 10
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2022-05-24
copyright: © 2022 Mannella et al.
attribution name: Mannella et al.

Indian nurses’ beliefs on physical activity promotion practices for cancer survivors in a tertiary care hospital—a cross-sectional survey
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Purpose To describe the physical activity (PA) promotion practices, beliefs, and barriers of Indian nurses working with cancer survivors, and to gain preliminary insights into how their educational qualification might affect PA promotion practices. Methods A validated questionnaire was used to obtain the data (N = 388). Sub-group comparisons were performed based on nursing qualification i.e., Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSc) and General Nursing and Midwifery (GNM) using Mann-Whitney U test and chi square analysis for continuous and categorical variables, respectively. Results The nurses believed that oncologists (47%) followed by physiotherapists (28.9%) were primarily responsible for providing information regarding PA to cancer survivors. The most common period in which the nurses’ promoted PA was post treatment (31.7%), although very few nurses (13.3%) promoted PA across more than one of the three treatment periods. Nurses felt that PA had many benefits for cancer survivors; improved mental health (87.7%) and HRQoL (81.1%). Lack of knowledge (42.2%) and lack of time (41.6%) were the most frequently cited barriers. The comparisons based on educational qualification did not typically reveal many significant differences. Conclusion Indian nurses both BSc and GNM qualified, wish to promote PA to cancer survivors despite numerous barriers, across various stages of treatment and believe PA is beneficial to the survivors in the process of recovery. Overcoming these barriers might aid in better promotion of PA to cancer survivors. Implication for cancer survivors Nurses working in a tertiary care hospital in India are willing to promote PA amongst cancer survivors but require more training and support in this area of practice.
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Hritika D. Pai
creator: Stephen Rajan Samuel
creator: K. Vijaya Kumar
creator: Namrata S. Chauhan
creator: Charu Eapen
creator: Alicia Olsen
creator: Justin W.L. Keogh
subject: Kinesiology
subject: Nursing
subject: Oncology
subject: Healthcare Services
subject: Rehabilitation
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.13348
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2022 Pai et al.
abstract: Purpose To describe the physical activity (PA) promotion practices, beliefs, and barriers of Indian nurses working with cancer survivors, and to gain preliminary insights into how their educational qualification might affect PA promotion practices. Methods A validated questionnaire was used to obtain the data (N = 388). Sub-group comparisons were performed based on nursing qualification i.e., Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSc) and General Nursing and Midwifery (GNM) using Mann-Whitney U test and chi square analysis for continuous and categorical variables, respectively. Results The nurses believed that oncologists (47%) followed by physiotherapists (28.9%) were primarily responsible for providing information regarding PA to cancer survivors. The most common period in which the nurses’ promoted PA was post treatment (31.7%), although very few nurses (13.3%) promoted PA across more than one of the three treatment periods. Nurses felt that PA had many benefits for cancer survivors; improved mental health (87.7%) and HRQoL (81.1%). Lack of knowledge (42.2%) and lack of time (41.6%) were the most frequently cited barriers. The comparisons based on educational qualification did not typically reveal many significant differences. Conclusion Indian nurses both BSc and GNM qualified, wish to promote PA to cancer survivors despite numerous barriers, across various stages of treatment and believe PA is beneficial to the survivors in the process of recovery. Overcoming these barriers might aid in better promotion of PA to cancer survivors. Implication for cancer survivors Nurses working in a tertiary care hospital in India are willing to promote PA amongst cancer survivors but require more training and support in this area of practice.
bibliographic citation: Pai et al. (2022) Indian nurses’ beliefs on physical activity promotion practices for cancer survivors in a tertiary care hospital—a cross-sectional survey. PeerJ 10:e13348 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.13348
date submitted: 2021-12-03
date accepted: 2022-04-06
issued: 2022-05-23
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Pai
  given name: Hritika D.
author list: Agent
  family name: Samuel
  given name: Stephen Rajan
author list: Agent
  family name: Kumar
  given name: K. Vijaya
author list: Agent
  family name: Chauhan
  given name: Namrata S.
author list: Agent
  family name: Eapen
  given name: Charu
author list: Agent
  family name: Olsen
  given name: Alicia
author list: Agent
  family name: Keogh
  given name: Justin W.L.
doi: 10.7717/peerj.13348
volume: 10
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2022-05-23
copyright: ©2022 Pai et al.
attribution name: Pai et al.

https://peerj.com/articles/13383
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
title: Does who I am and what I feel determine what I see (or say)? A meta-analytic systematic review exploring the influence of real and perceived bodily state on spatial perception of the external environment
description: Background Bodily state is theorised to play a role in perceptual scaling of the environment, whereby low bodily capacity shifts visuospatial perception, with distances appearing farther and hills steeper, and the opposite seen for high bodily capacity. This may play a protective role, where perceptual scaling discourages engaging with the environment when capacity is low. Methodology Our protocol was pre-registered via Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/6zya5/) with all amendments to the protocol tracked. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis examining the role of bodily state/capacity on spatial perception measures of the environment. Databases (Medline, PsychINFO, Scopus, Embase, and Emcare) and grey literature were searched systematically, inclusive to 26/8/21. All studies were assessed using a customised Risk of Bias form. Standard mean differences and 95% CIs were calculated via meta-analysis using a random-effects model. Results A total of 8,034 studies were identified from the systematic search. Of these, 68 experiments (3,195 participants) met eligibility and were included in the review. These were grouped into the following categories: fatigue; pain; age; embodiment; body size/body paty size; glucose levels; fitness; and interoception, and interoceptive accuracy. We found low level evidence (limited studies, high risk of bias) for the effect of bodily state on spatial perception. There was consistent evidence that both glucose manipulations and age influence spatial perception of distances and hills in a hypothesised direction (lower capacity associated with increased distance and hill steepness). Mixed evidence exists for the influence of external loads, embodiment, body/body-part size manipulations, pain, and interoceptive accuracy. Evidence for fitness and/or fatigue influencing spatial perception was conflicting; notably, methodological flaws with fitness and fatigue paradigms and heterogenous spatial perception measures may underlie n…
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Erin MacIntyre
creator: Felicity A. Braithwaite
creator: Brendan Mouatt
creator: Dianne Wilson
creator: Tasha R. Stanton
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Psychiatry and Psychology
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.13383
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2022 MacIntyre et al.
abstract: Background Bodily state is theorised to play a role in perceptual scaling of the environment, whereby low bodily capacity shifts visuospatial perception, with distances appearing farther and hills steeper, and the opposite seen for high bodily capacity. This may play a protective role, where perceptual scaling discourages engaging with the environment when capacity is low. Methodology Our protocol was pre-registered via Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/6zya5/) with all amendments to the protocol tracked. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis examining the role of bodily state/capacity on spatial perception measures of the environment. Databases (Medline, PsychINFO, Scopus, Embase, and Emcare) and grey literature were searched systematically, inclusive to 26/8/21. All studies were assessed using a customised Risk of Bias form. Standard mean differences and 95% CIs were calculated via meta-analysis using a random-effects model. Results A total of 8,034 studies were identified from the systematic search. Of these, 68 experiments (3,195 participants) met eligibility and were included in the review. These were grouped into the following categories: fatigue; pain; age; embodiment; body size/body paty size; glucose levels; fitness; and interoception, and interoceptive accuracy. We found low level evidence (limited studies, high risk of bias) for the effect of bodily state on spatial perception. There was consistent evidence that both glucose manipulations and age influence spatial perception of distances and hills in a hypothesised direction (lower capacity associated with increased distance and hill steepness). Mixed evidence exists for the influence of external loads, embodiment, body/body-part size manipulations, pain, and interoceptive accuracy. Evidence for fitness and/or fatigue influencing spatial perception was conflicting; notably, methodological flaws with fitness and fatigue paradigms and heterogenous spatial perception measures may underlie n…
bibliographic citation: MacIntyre et al. (2022) Does who I am and what I feel determine what I see (or say)? A meta-analytic systematic review exploring the influence of real and perceived bodily state on spatial perception of the external environment. PeerJ 10:e13383 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.13383
date submitted: 2021-12-03
date accepted: 2022-04-14
issued: 2022-05-23
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: MacIntyre
  given name: Erin
author list: Agent
  family name: Braithwaite
  given name: Felicity A.
author list: Agent
  family name: Mouatt
  given name: Brendan
author list: Agent
  family name: Wilson
  given name: Dianne
author list: Agent
  family name: Stanton
  given name: Tasha R.
doi: 10.7717/peerj.13383
volume: 10
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2022-05-23
copyright: © 2022 MacIntyre et al.
attribution name: MacIntyre et al.

Psychometric properties of the general self-efficacy scale among Thais with type 2 diabetes: a multicenter study
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Background Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is one of the most common chronic diseases in the world. In recent decades the prevalence of this disease has increased alarmingly in lower to middle income countries, where their resource-limited health care systems have struggled to meet this increased burden. Improving patient self-care by improving diabetes knowledge and diabetes management self-efficacy represents a feasible way of ameliorating the impact of T2D on the patient, and the health care system. Unfortunately, the relationships between self-efficacy, diabetes self-management, and thereafter, patient outcomes, are still far from well understood. Although a domain-specific measure of diabetes management self-efficacy, the Diabetes Management Self-Efficacy Scale (DMSES), has been validated in the Thai T2D population, more general measures of self-efficacy, such as the General Self-Efficacy scale (GSE) have not been validated in this population. In this paper we translate and examine the psychometric properties of the GSE in Thais living with T2D. Methods In this nation-wide study we examined the psychometric properties of the GSE in 749 Thais diagnosed with T2D within the last five years, and evaluated its relationship with the DMSES along with other patient characteristics. Reliability of GSE was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha, and the construct validity was examined using confirmatory factor analysis, along with GSE’s convergence and discrimination from DMSES. Results The Thai version of the GSE was shown to have good psychometric properties in Thais living with T2D. Cronbach’s alpha was shown to be 0.87 (95% CI [0.86, 0.88]). We also demonstrated the structural validity of the GSE (Tucker-Lewis Index = 0.994, Cumulative Fit Index = 0.995, Adjusted Goodness of Fit Index = 0.998, Root Mean Square Error of Approximations = 0.025, 95% CI [0.06–0.039]), and that this instrument has a similar structure in Thais as in other populations. GSE was also shown to have some overla…
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Cameron Hurst
creator: Nitchamon Rakkapao
creator: Eva Malacova
creator: Sirima Mongkolsomlit
creator: Pear Pongsachareonnont
creator: Ram Rangsin
creator: Yindee Promsiripaiboon
creator: Gunter Hartel
subject: Diabetes and Endocrinology
subject: Healthcare Services
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.13398
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2022 Hurst et al.
abstract: Background Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is one of the most common chronic diseases in the world. In recent decades the prevalence of this disease has increased alarmingly in lower to middle income countries, where their resource-limited health care systems have struggled to meet this increased burden. Improving patient self-care by improving diabetes knowledge and diabetes management self-efficacy represents a feasible way of ameliorating the impact of T2D on the patient, and the health care system. Unfortunately, the relationships between self-efficacy, diabetes self-management, and thereafter, patient outcomes, are still far from well understood. Although a domain-specific measure of diabetes management self-efficacy, the Diabetes Management Self-Efficacy Scale (DMSES), has been validated in the Thai T2D population, more general measures of self-efficacy, such as the General Self-Efficacy scale (GSE) have not been validated in this population. In this paper we translate and examine the psychometric properties of the GSE in Thais living with T2D. Methods In this nation-wide study we examined the psychometric properties of the GSE in 749 Thais diagnosed with T2D within the last five years, and evaluated its relationship with the DMSES along with other patient characteristics. Reliability of GSE was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha, and the construct validity was examined using confirmatory factor analysis, along with GSE’s convergence and discrimination from DMSES. Results The Thai version of the GSE was shown to have good psychometric properties in Thais living with T2D. Cronbach’s alpha was shown to be 0.87 (95% CI [0.86, 0.88]). We also demonstrated the structural validity of the GSE (Tucker-Lewis Index = 0.994, Cumulative Fit Index = 0.995, Adjusted Goodness of Fit Index = 0.998, Root Mean Square Error of Approximations = 0.025, 95% CI [0.06–0.039]), and that this instrument has a similar structure in Thais as in other populations. GSE was also shown to have some overla…
bibliographic citation: Hurst et al. (2022) Psychometric properties of the general self-efficacy scale among Thais with type 2 diabetes: a multicenter study. PeerJ 10:e13398 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.13398
date submitted: 2021-10-29
date accepted: 2022-04-17
issued: 2022-05-23
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Hurst
  given name: Cameron
author list: Agent
  family name: Rakkapao
  given name: Nitchamon
author list: Agent
  family name: Malacova
  given name: Eva
author list: Agent
  family name: Mongkolsomlit
  given name: Sirima
author list: Agent
  family name: Pongsachareonnont
  given name: Pear
author list: Agent
  family name: Rangsin
  given name: Ram
author list: Agent
  family name: Promsiripaiboon
  given name: Yindee
author list: Agent
  family name: Hartel
  given name: Gunter
doi: 10.7717/peerj.13398
volume: 10
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2022-05-23
copyright: ©2022 Hurst et al.
attribution name: Hurst et al.

Mental health problems among hotline callers during the early stage of COVID-19 pandemic
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Background The study aims to explore the mental health of the hotline callers during the COVID-19 pandemic in China. Methods Callers (N = 10,490) from the Beijing Psychological Support Hotline from January 21st to June 30th in 2019 and 2020 were enrolled and divided into two groups (during (2020) and before (2019) COVID-19 pandemic). The severity of depressive symptoms, psychological distress, hopefulness, and suicidal ideation (SI) was assessed. Demographic characteristics and major concerns were also collected. Mann-Whitney U and chi-square test were used to compare the differences in mental health conditions and major concerns between two years and between different age groups. The multivariable logistic regression was used to explore whether mental health conditions were associated with pandemic and demographic factors. Results Results from multivariable logistic regression analysis indicated that the change in suicidal ideation (OR = 1.52, 95% CI: 1.21–1.92) was significantly different across age groups. Callers during the pandemic reported a higher level of hopefulness (OR = 1.13, 95% CI [1.03–1.24]), a lower level of depressive symptoms (OR = 0.81, 95% CI [0.74–0.89]) and psychological distress (OR = 0.89, 95% CI [0.81–0.98]), and were less likely to report SI (OR = 0.69, 95% CI [0.61–0.77]) compared with callers before the pandemic. Conclusions Compared with callers before the pandemic, hotline callers during the early stage of COVID-19 pandemic did not present significant mental health problems. Younger callers during the pandemic were more vulnerable for the presence of suicidal ideation. Hotline-based crisis interventions might provide specific psychological support to cope with troubles during the pandemic.
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Jing An
creator: Yi Yin
creator: Liting Zhao
creator: Yongsheng Tong
creator: Nancy H. Liu
subject: Psychiatry and Psychology
subject: Public Health
subject: Mental Health
subject: COVID-19
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.13419
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2022 An et al.
abstract: Background The study aims to explore the mental health of the hotline callers during the COVID-19 pandemic in China. Methods Callers (N = 10,490) from the Beijing Psychological Support Hotline from January 21st to June 30th in 2019 and 2020 were enrolled and divided into two groups (during (2020) and before (2019) COVID-19 pandemic). The severity of depressive symptoms, psychological distress, hopefulness, and suicidal ideation (SI) was assessed. Demographic characteristics and major concerns were also collected. Mann-Whitney U and chi-square test were used to compare the differences in mental health conditions and major concerns between two years and between different age groups. The multivariable logistic regression was used to explore whether mental health conditions were associated with pandemic and demographic factors. Results Results from multivariable logistic regression analysis indicated that the change in suicidal ideation (OR = 1.52, 95% CI: 1.21–1.92) was significantly different across age groups. Callers during the pandemic reported a higher level of hopefulness (OR = 1.13, 95% CI [1.03–1.24]), a lower level of depressive symptoms (OR = 0.81, 95% CI [0.74–0.89]) and psychological distress (OR = 0.89, 95% CI [0.81–0.98]), and were less likely to report SI (OR = 0.69, 95% CI [0.61–0.77]) compared with callers before the pandemic. Conclusions Compared with callers before the pandemic, hotline callers during the early stage of COVID-19 pandemic did not present significant mental health problems. Younger callers during the pandemic were more vulnerable for the presence of suicidal ideation. Hotline-based crisis interventions might provide specific psychological support to cope with troubles during the pandemic.
bibliographic citation: An et al. (2022) Mental health problems among hotline callers during the early stage of COVID-19 pandemic. PeerJ 10:e13419 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.13419
date submitted: 2022-01-03
date accepted: 2022-04-20
issued: 2022-05-23
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: An
  given name: Jing
author list: Agent
  family name: Yin
  given name: Yi
author list: Agent
  family name: Zhao
  given name: Liting
author list: Agent
  family name: Tong
  given name: Yongsheng
author list: Agent
  family name: Liu
  given name: Nancy H.
doi: 10.7717/peerj.13419
volume: 10
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2022-05-23
copyright: ©2022 An et al.
attribution name: An et al.

Associations between lower limb eccentric muscle capability and change of direction speed in basketball and tennis players
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Background The ability to perform a quick and rapid change of direction (CoD) is an important determinant of success in a variety of sports. Previous studies have already highlighted that eccentric strength is a dominant predictor of CoD. However, these studies evaluated eccentric strength through a limited number of outcome measures and used small sample sizes. Methods A total of 196 athletes participated in the study. The aim of our study was to investigate: (1) the correlation between eccentric outcome measures derived from different tests (Nordic hamstring exercise (NHE), countermovement jump (CMJ) and flywheel (FW) squats), (2) the association between eccentric outcome measures and CoD 90°, CoD 180°; and (3) proportion of explained variance in CoD performance. Results Very large associations (r = 0.783, p < 0.001) were observed between peak torque during NHE (NHEPT) and force impulse during the eccentric phase of CMJ (CMJFI). Small to moderate correlations were calculated between peak eccentric force in flywheel squats and peak eccentric force in CMJ (r = 0.220–035, p < 0002). All eccentric CMJ outcome measures and NHEPT were reported as moderate negative associations with both CoD tests. Eccentric measures explained 25.1% of the variance in CoD 90° (CMJPF, NHEPT, F0.125 –peak eccentric force during FW squats with 0.125 kg m2 load), while the same outcome measures explained 37.4% of the variance for CoD 180°. Conclusion Our results suggest that different measures of eccentric strength specifically contribute to CoD performance. Therefore, for successful CoD performance, different aspects of eccentric strength training should be considered in testing and training (maximal eccentric strength, eccentric-concentric actions with fast execution).
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format: text/html
creator: Darjan Smajla
creator: Žiga Kozinc
creator: Nejc Šarabon
subject: Biomechanics
subject: Sports Injury
subject: Sports Medicine
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.13439
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2022 Smajla et al.
abstract: Background The ability to perform a quick and rapid change of direction (CoD) is an important determinant of success in a variety of sports. Previous studies have already highlighted that eccentric strength is a dominant predictor of CoD. However, these studies evaluated eccentric strength through a limited number of outcome measures and used small sample sizes. Methods A total of 196 athletes participated in the study. The aim of our study was to investigate: (1) the correlation between eccentric outcome measures derived from different tests (Nordic hamstring exercise (NHE), countermovement jump (CMJ) and flywheel (FW) squats), (2) the association between eccentric outcome measures and CoD 90°, CoD 180°; and (3) proportion of explained variance in CoD performance. Results Very large associations (r = 0.783, p < 0.001) were observed between peak torque during NHE (NHEPT) and force impulse during the eccentric phase of CMJ (CMJFI). Small to moderate correlations were calculated between peak eccentric force in flywheel squats and peak eccentric force in CMJ (r = 0.220–035, p < 0002). All eccentric CMJ outcome measures and NHEPT were reported as moderate negative associations with both CoD tests. Eccentric measures explained 25.1% of the variance in CoD 90° (CMJPF, NHEPT, F0.125 –peak eccentric force during FW squats with 0.125 kg m2 load), while the same outcome measures explained 37.4% of the variance for CoD 180°. Conclusion Our results suggest that different measures of eccentric strength specifically contribute to CoD performance. Therefore, for successful CoD performance, different aspects of eccentric strength training should be considered in testing and training (maximal eccentric strength, eccentric-concentric actions with fast execution).
bibliographic citation: Smajla et al. (2022) Associations between lower limb eccentric muscle capability and change of direction speed in basketball and tennis players. PeerJ 10:e13439 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.13439
date submitted: 2022-03-16
date accepted: 2022-04-23
issued: 2022-05-23
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Smajla
  given name: Darjan
author list: Agent
  family name: Kozinc
  given name: Žiga
author list: Agent
  family name: Šarabon
  given name: Nejc
doi: 10.7717/peerj.13439
volume: 10
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2022-05-23
copyright: ©2022 Smajla et al.
attribution name: Smajla et al.

Aflatoxin B1 exposure disrupts organelle distribution in mouse oocytes
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a secondary metabolite produced by the fungus Aspergillus, which is ubiquitous in moldy grain products. Aflatoxin B1 has been reported to possess hepatotoxicity, renal toxicity, and reproductive toxicity. Previous studies have shown that AFB1 is toxic to mammalian oocytes. However, the potential toxicity of AFB1 on the organelles of mouse oocytes is unknown. In this study, we found that exposure to AFB1 significantly reduced mouse oocyte development capacity. Further analysis showed that the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) failed to accumulate around the spindle, and scattered in the cytoplasm under AFB1 exposure. Similar to the ER, the Golgi apparatus showed a uniform localization pattern following AFB1 treatment. In addition, we found that AFB1 exposure caused the condensation of lysosomes in the cytoplasm, presenting as a clustered or spindle peripheral-localization pattern, which indicated that protein modification, transport, and degradation were affected. Mitochondrial distribution was also altered by AFB1 treatment. In summary, our study showed that AFB1 exposure had toxic effects on the distribution of mouse oocyte organelles, which further led to a decline in oocyte quality.
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Yan-Zhe Zhang
creator: Qian-Han Zhao
creator: Hong-Wei Duan
creator: Yuan-Jing Zou
creator: Shao-Chen Sun
creator: Lin-Lin Hu
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Toxicology
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.13497
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2022 Zhang et al.
abstract: Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a secondary metabolite produced by the fungus Aspergillus, which is ubiquitous in moldy grain products. Aflatoxin B1 has been reported to possess hepatotoxicity, renal toxicity, and reproductive toxicity. Previous studies have shown that AFB1 is toxic to mammalian oocytes. However, the potential toxicity of AFB1 on the organelles of mouse oocytes is unknown. In this study, we found that exposure to AFB1 significantly reduced mouse oocyte development capacity. Further analysis showed that the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) failed to accumulate around the spindle, and scattered in the cytoplasm under AFB1 exposure. Similar to the ER, the Golgi apparatus showed a uniform localization pattern following AFB1 treatment. In addition, we found that AFB1 exposure caused the condensation of lysosomes in the cytoplasm, presenting as a clustered or spindle peripheral-localization pattern, which indicated that protein modification, transport, and degradation were affected. Mitochondrial distribution was also altered by AFB1 treatment. In summary, our study showed that AFB1 exposure had toxic effects on the distribution of mouse oocyte organelles, which further led to a decline in oocyte quality.
bibliographic citation: Zhang et al. (2022) Aflatoxin B1 exposure disrupts organelle distribution in mouse oocytes. PeerJ 10:e13497 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.13497
date submitted: 2022-03-17
date accepted: 2022-05-05
issued: 2022-05-23
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Zhang
  given name: Yan-Zhe
author list: Agent
  family name: Zhao
  given name: Qian-Han
author list: Agent
  family name: Duan
  given name: Hong-Wei
author list: Agent
  family name: Zou
  given name: Yuan-Jing
author list: Agent
  family name: Sun
  given name: Shao-Chen
author list: Agent
  family name: Hu
  given name: Lin-Lin
doi: 10.7717/peerj.13497
volume: 10
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2022-05-23
copyright: © 2022 Zhang et al.
attribution name: Zhang et al.

Land use/land cover changes in the central part of the Chitwan Annapurna Landscape, Nepal
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Background Land use/land cover assessment and monitoring of the land cover dynamics are essential to know the ecological, physical and anthropogenic processes in the landscape. Previous studies have indicated changes in the landscape of mid-hills of Nepal in the past few decades. But there is a lack of study in the Chitwan Annapurna Landscape; hence, this study was carried out to fill in study gap that existed in the area. Methods This study evaluates land use/land cover dynamics between 2000 to 2020 in the central part of the Chitwan Annapurna Landscape, Nepal by using Landsat images. The Landsat images were classified into eight different classes using remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS). The accuracy assessment of classified images was evaluated by calculating actual accuracy, producer’s accuracy, user’s accuracy and kappa coefficient based on the ground-truthing points for 2020 and Google Earth and topographic maps for images of 2010 and 2000. Results The results of land use/land cover analysis of Landsat image 2020 showed that the study area was composed of grassland (1.73%), barren area (1.76%), riverine forest (1.93%), water body (1.97%), developed area (4.13%), Sal dominated forest (15.4%), cropland (28.13%) and mixed forest (44.95%). The results of land cover change between 2000 to 2020 indicated an overall increase in Sal dominated forest (7.6%), developed area (31.34%), mixed forest (37.46%) and decrease in riverine forest (11.29%), barren area (20.03%), croplands (29.87%) and grasslands (49.71%). The classification of the images of 2000, 2010 and 2020 had 81%, 81.6% and 84.77% overall accuracy, respectively. This finding can be used as a baseline information for the development of a proper management plan to protect wildlife habitats and forecasting possible future changes, if needed.
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Jagan Nath Adhikari
creator: Bishnu Prasad Bhattarai
creator: Maan Bahadur Rokaya
creator: Tej Bahadur Thapa
subject: Conservation Biology
subject: Ecology
subject: Ecosystem Science
subject: Natural Resource Management
subject: Spatial and Geographic Information Science
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.13435
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2022 Adhikari et al.
abstract: Background Land use/land cover assessment and monitoring of the land cover dynamics are essential to know the ecological, physical and anthropogenic processes in the landscape. Previous studies have indicated changes in the landscape of mid-hills of Nepal in the past few decades. But there is a lack of study in the Chitwan Annapurna Landscape; hence, this study was carried out to fill in study gap that existed in the area. Methods This study evaluates land use/land cover dynamics between 2000 to 2020 in the central part of the Chitwan Annapurna Landscape, Nepal by using Landsat images. The Landsat images were classified into eight different classes using remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS). The accuracy assessment of classified images was evaluated by calculating actual accuracy, producer’s accuracy, user’s accuracy and kappa coefficient based on the ground-truthing points for 2020 and Google Earth and topographic maps for images of 2010 and 2000. Results The results of land use/land cover analysis of Landsat image 2020 showed that the study area was composed of grassland (1.73%), barren area (1.76%), riverine forest (1.93%), water body (1.97%), developed area (4.13%), Sal dominated forest (15.4%), cropland (28.13%) and mixed forest (44.95%). The results of land cover change between 2000 to 2020 indicated an overall increase in Sal dominated forest (7.6%), developed area (31.34%), mixed forest (37.46%) and decrease in riverine forest (11.29%), barren area (20.03%), croplands (29.87%) and grasslands (49.71%). The classification of the images of 2000, 2010 and 2020 had 81%, 81.6% and 84.77% overall accuracy, respectively. This finding can be used as a baseline information for the development of a proper management plan to protect wildlife habitats and forecasting possible future changes, if needed.
bibliographic citation: Adhikari et al. (2022) Land use/land cover changes in the central part of the Chitwan Annapurna Landscape, Nepal. PeerJ 10:e13435 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.13435
date submitted: 2021-12-20
date accepted: 2022-04-22
issued: 2022-05-20
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Adhikari
  given name: Jagan Nath
author list: Agent
  family name: Bhattarai
  given name: Bishnu Prasad
author list: Agent
  family name: Rokaya
  given name: Maan Bahadur
author list: Agent
  family name: Thapa
  given name: Tej Bahadur
doi: 10.7717/peerj.13435
volume: 10
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2022-05-20
copyright: © 2022 Adhikari et al.
attribution name: Adhikari et al.

Determining the optimal areas of effort in terms of force and force-velocity based on the functional state of the neuromuscular system in the training of elite female judokas
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Background The evaluation of the functional state of the neuromuscular system (NMS) in elite female judokas according to the muscular activity indices is influenced by the force (F) and force-velocity (F-V) efforts. The implementation of the individual correction plan in the elite female judokas’ process of instruction and training must be based on the accurate determination of the force and force-velocity effort areas throughout the training and competitive periods. Methods The research involved 44 elite female judokas, divided in to two experimental groups (A, C) and two control groups (B, D). To diagnose the NMS, 21 elite female judokas were evaluated, belonging to different classification categories, divided into three groups: group I–category I (Cat. I), group II–candidates for Masters of Sports (CMS) and group III—Masters of Sports (MS).The evaluation of NMS was performed at the end of each two-week cycle, using 3 tests: Tmax—time to reach the maximum muscle contraction, (msec); Fy –examination of elasticity indices in different muscles, (Hz); J–explosive muscular strength, (kg/s). Measurements were made for six muscle groups and 9 indices of fitness tests: 5 force tests (F) and 4 force-velocity tests (F-V). The research was carried out during 24 cycles, each one lasting two weeks: 12 training cycles and 12 competitive ones. Each cycle lasted two weeks. During the research, the model plan of training for F and F-V was used, determining the optimal areas of F and F-V training efforts in the preparation and competitive periods. In the experimental groups (A and C), according to the data of judokas’ NMS functional state evaluation, the individual correction of the F and F-V efforts was performed every two weeks. As for the control groups (B, D), traditional methods of training were used. Results The NMS evaluation of the female judokas was made every two weeks and the level of correlation of Tmax, Fy and J indices was determined. The value of the Fy index at F ef…
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Veaceslav Manolachi
creator: Vladimir Potop
creator: Victor Manolachi
creator: Irina Delipovici
creator: Cristian Ştefan Liuşnea
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Kinesiology
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.13468
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2022 Manolachi et al.
abstract: Background The evaluation of the functional state of the neuromuscular system (NMS) in elite female judokas according to the muscular activity indices is influenced by the force (F) and force-velocity (F-V) efforts. The implementation of the individual correction plan in the elite female judokas’ process of instruction and training must be based on the accurate determination of the force and force-velocity effort areas throughout the training and competitive periods. Methods The research involved 44 elite female judokas, divided in to two experimental groups (A, C) and two control groups (B, D). To diagnose the NMS, 21 elite female judokas were evaluated, belonging to different classification categories, divided into three groups: group I–category I (Cat. I), group II–candidates for Masters of Sports (CMS) and group III—Masters of Sports (MS).The evaluation of NMS was performed at the end of each two-week cycle, using 3 tests: Tmax—time to reach the maximum muscle contraction, (msec); Fy –examination of elasticity indices in different muscles, (Hz); J–explosive muscular strength, (kg/s). Measurements were made for six muscle groups and 9 indices of fitness tests: 5 force tests (F) and 4 force-velocity tests (F-V). The research was carried out during 24 cycles, each one lasting two weeks: 12 training cycles and 12 competitive ones. Each cycle lasted two weeks. During the research, the model plan of training for F and F-V was used, determining the optimal areas of F and F-V training efforts in the preparation and competitive periods. In the experimental groups (A and C), according to the data of judokas’ NMS functional state evaluation, the individual correction of the F and F-V efforts was performed every two weeks. As for the control groups (B, D), traditional methods of training were used. Results The NMS evaluation of the female judokas was made every two weeks and the level of correlation of Tmax, Fy and J indices was determined. The value of the Fy index at F ef…
bibliographic citation: Manolachi et al. (2022) Determining the optimal areas of effort in terms of force and force-velocity based on the functional state of the neuromuscular system in the training of elite female judokas. PeerJ 10:e13468 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.13468
date submitted: 2022-02-28
date accepted: 2022-04-29
issued: 2022-05-20
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Manolachi
  given name: Veaceslav
author list: Agent
  family name: Potop
  given name: Vladimir
author list: Agent
  family name: Manolachi
  given name: Victor
author list: Agent
  family name: Delipovici
  given name: Irina
author list: Agent
  family name: Liuşnea
  given name: Cristian Ştefan
doi: 10.7717/peerj.13468
volume: 10
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2022-05-20
copyright: ©2022 Manolachi et al.
attribution name: Manolachi et al.

PeerJ
type: Periodical
uri: PeerJ
issn: 2167-8359