PeerJ
type: channel
link: https://peerj.com/articles/
description: Articles published in PeerJ
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
publication name: PeerJ
issn: 2167-8359
items: A new species of lotic breeding salamander (Amphibia, Caudata, Hynobiidae) from Shikoku, Japan
items: Morphology of inner cell mass: a better predictive biomarker of blastocyst viability
items: Differences in subjective well-being between individuals with distinct Joint Personality (temperament-character) networks in a Bulgarian sample
items: The efficacy of computed tomography scanning versus surface scanning in 3D finite element analysis
items: Evolution of pathogenicity in obligate fungal pathogens and allied genera
items: Readiness of the primary health care units and associated factors for the management of hypertension and type II diabetes mellitus in Sidama, Ethiopia
items: Diagnosis and potential invasion risk of Thrips parvispinus under current and future climate change scenarios
items: Total evidence time-scaled phylogenetic and biogeographic models for the evolution of sea cows (Sirenia, Afrotheria)
items: Phylogenetic position of the enigmatic genus Atherospio and description of Atherospio aestuarii sp. nov. (Annelida: Spionidae) from Japan
items: Association between changes in social capital and mental well-being among older people in China

A new species of lotic breeding salamander (Amphibia, Caudata, Hynobiidae) from Shikoku, Japan
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Background Hynobius hirosei is a lotic-breeding salamander endemic to Shikoku Island in western Japan. Significant allozymic and morphological differences have been found among the populations of this species; however, the degree and pattern of intraspecific variation have not been surveyed using a sufficient number of samples. Methods For the taxonomic revision of H. hirosei, we conducted genetic and morphological surveys using samples collected throughout the distribution. Phylogenetic analysis using the cytochrome b region of mitochondrial DNA and population structure analysis using single nucleotide polymorphisms were conducted to evaluate the population structure within the species and the degree of genetic differentiation. Subsequently, a morphological survey based on multivariate and univariate analyses was performed to assess the morphological variation. Results Genetic analyses revealed three genetic groups (Tsurugi, Central, and Nanyo) within H. hirosei, with the Nanyo group distributed allopatrically from the others, and the Tsurugi and Central groups distributed parapatrically with the formation of a hybrid zone between them. The Nanyo group was morphologically distinguishable from the remaining samples, including the topotype of H. hirosei, based on a smaller body size and several ratio values of characters to snout-vent length, longer axilla-groin distance, shorter tail length, shorter internarial distance, longer upper eyelid length, and larger medial tail width. These results support the notion that the Nanyo group is an undescribed species. However, the remaining genetically differentiated groups could not be divided in the present study. Herein, we described the Nanyo group as a new species.
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Sally Kanamori
creator: Kanto Nishikawa
creator: Masafumi Matsui
creator: Shingo Tanabe
subject: Biodiversity
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Taxonomy
subject: Zoology
subject: Freshwater Biology
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.13891
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2022 Kanamori et al.
abstract: Background Hynobius hirosei is a lotic-breeding salamander endemic to Shikoku Island in western Japan. Significant allozymic and morphological differences have been found among the populations of this species; however, the degree and pattern of intraspecific variation have not been surveyed using a sufficient number of samples. Methods For the taxonomic revision of H. hirosei, we conducted genetic and morphological surveys using samples collected throughout the distribution. Phylogenetic analysis using the cytochrome b region of mitochondrial DNA and population structure analysis using single nucleotide polymorphisms were conducted to evaluate the population structure within the species and the degree of genetic differentiation. Subsequently, a morphological survey based on multivariate and univariate analyses was performed to assess the morphological variation. Results Genetic analyses revealed three genetic groups (Tsurugi, Central, and Nanyo) within H. hirosei, with the Nanyo group distributed allopatrically from the others, and the Tsurugi and Central groups distributed parapatrically with the formation of a hybrid zone between them. The Nanyo group was morphologically distinguishable from the remaining samples, including the topotype of H. hirosei, based on a smaller body size and several ratio values of characters to snout-vent length, longer axilla-groin distance, shorter tail length, shorter internarial distance, longer upper eyelid length, and larger medial tail width. These results support the notion that the Nanyo group is an undescribed species. However, the remaining genetically differentiated groups could not be divided in the present study. Herein, we described the Nanyo group as a new species.
bibliographic citation: Kanamori et al. (2022) A new species of lotic breeding salamander (Amphibia, Caudata, Hynobiidae) from Shikoku, Japan. PeerJ 10:e13891 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.13891
date submitted: 2022-05-02
date accepted: 2022-07-21
issued: 2022-08-26
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Kanamori
  given name: Sally
author list: Agent
  family name: Nishikawa
  given name: Kanto
author list: Agent
  family name: Matsui
  given name: Masafumi
author list: Agent
  family name: Tanabe
  given name: Shingo
doi: 10.7717/peerj.13891
volume: 10
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2022-08-26
copyright: © 2022 Kanamori et al.
attribution name: Kanamori et al.

Morphology of inner cell mass: a better predictive biomarker of blastocyst viability
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Background Transfer of embryos at the blastocyst stage is one of the best approaches for achieving a higher success rate in In vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment as it demonstrates an improved uterine and embryonic synchrony at implantation. Despite novel biochemical and genetic markers proposed for the prediction of embryo viability in recent years, the conventional morphological grading of blastocysts remains the classical way of selection in routine practice. This study aims to investigate the association between the morphological features of blastocysts and pregnancy outcomes. Methods This prospective study included women undergoing single or double frozen blastocyst transfers following their autologous cycles in a period between October 2020 and September 2021. The morphological grades (A—good, B—average, and C—poor) of inner cell mass (ICM) and trophectoderm (TE) of blastocysts with known implantation were compared to assess their predictive potential of pregnancy outcome. It was further explored by measuring the relationship between the two variables using logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Results A total of 1,972 women underwent frozen embryo transfer (FET) cycles with a total of 3,786 blastocysts. Known implantation data (KID) from 2,060 blastocysts of 1,153 patients were subjected to statistical analysis, the rest were excluded. Implantation rates (IR) from transfer of ICM/TE grades AA, AB, BA, BB were observed as 48.5%, 39.4%, 23.4% and 25% respectively. There was a significantly higher IR observed in blastocysts with ICM grade A (p < 0.001) than those with B irrespective of their TE scores. The analysis of the interaction between the two characteristics confirmed the superiority of ICM over TE as a predictor of the outcome. The rank biserial correlation value for ICM was also greater compared to that of TE (0.11 vs 0.05). Conclusion This study confirms that the morphology of ICM of the blastocyst is a stronger pre…
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Sargunadevi Sivanantham
creator: Mahalakshmi Saravanan
creator: Nidhi Sharma
creator: Jayashree Shrinivasan
creator: Ramesh Raja
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Gynecology and Obstetrics
subject: Women’s Health
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.13935
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2022 Sivanantham et al.
abstract: Background Transfer of embryos at the blastocyst stage is one of the best approaches for achieving a higher success rate in In vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment as it demonstrates an improved uterine and embryonic synchrony at implantation. Despite novel biochemical and genetic markers proposed for the prediction of embryo viability in recent years, the conventional morphological grading of blastocysts remains the classical way of selection in routine practice. This study aims to investigate the association between the morphological features of blastocysts and pregnancy outcomes. Methods This prospective study included women undergoing single or double frozen blastocyst transfers following their autologous cycles in a period between October 2020 and September 2021. The morphological grades (A—good, B—average, and C—poor) of inner cell mass (ICM) and trophectoderm (TE) of blastocysts with known implantation were compared to assess their predictive potential of pregnancy outcome. It was further explored by measuring the relationship between the two variables using logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Results A total of 1,972 women underwent frozen embryo transfer (FET) cycles with a total of 3,786 blastocysts. Known implantation data (KID) from 2,060 blastocysts of 1,153 patients were subjected to statistical analysis, the rest were excluded. Implantation rates (IR) from transfer of ICM/TE grades AA, AB, BA, BB were observed as 48.5%, 39.4%, 23.4% and 25% respectively. There was a significantly higher IR observed in blastocysts with ICM grade A (p < 0.001) than those with B irrespective of their TE scores. The analysis of the interaction between the two characteristics confirmed the superiority of ICM over TE as a predictor of the outcome. The rank biserial correlation value for ICM was also greater compared to that of TE (0.11 vs 0.05). Conclusion This study confirms that the morphology of ICM of the blastocyst is a stronger pre…
bibliographic citation: Sivanantham et al. (2022) Morphology of inner cell mass: a better predictive biomarker of blastocyst viability. PeerJ 10:e13935 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.13935
date submitted: 2022-06-07
date accepted: 2022-08-02
issued: 2022-08-26
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Sivanantham
  given name: Sargunadevi
author list: Agent
  family name: Saravanan
  given name: Mahalakshmi
author list: Agent
  family name: Sharma
  given name: Nidhi
author list: Agent
  family name: Shrinivasan
  given name: Jayashree
author list: Agent
  family name: Raja
  given name: Ramesh
doi: 10.7717/peerj.13935
volume: 10
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2022-08-26
copyright: ©2022 Sivanantham et al.
attribution name: Sivanantham et al.

Differences in subjective well-being between individuals with distinct Joint Personality (temperament-character) networks in a Bulgarian sample
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Background Personality is the major predictor of people’s subjective well-being (i.e., positive affect, negative affect, and life satisfaction). Recent research in countries with high-income and strong self-transcendent values shows that well-being depends on multidimensional configurations of temperament and character traits (i.e., Joint Personality Networks) that regulate the way people learn to adapt their habits to be in accord with their goals and values, rather than individual traits. To evaluate the prevalence and the associations of different Joint Personality (temperament-character) Networks with well-being in a low-income country with weak self-transcendent values, we tested their association in Bulgarian adults, a population known to have strong secular-rationalist values but weak self-transcendent values. Method The sample consisted of 443 individuals from Bulgaria (68.70% females) with a mean age of 34 years (SD = 15.05). Participants self-reported personality (Temperament and Character Inventory), affect (Positive Affect Negative Affect Schedule), and life satisfaction (Satisfaction with Life Scale). The personality scores were used for profiling through latent profile analysis and latent class analysis based on temperament configurations (i.e., Temperament Profiles) of high/low scores of Novelty Seeking (N/n), Harm Avoidance (H/h), Reward Dependence (R/r), and Persistence (P/s); and character configurations (i.e., Character Profiles) of high/low scores of Self-Directedness (S/s), Cooperativeness (C/c), and Self-Transcendence (T/t). Results We found two Temperament Profiles and two Character Profiles that clustered into two distinctive Joint Personality Networks. All individuals in Joint Personality Network 1 had a Reliable (nhRP) Temperament Profile in combination with an Organized (SCt) Character Profile (i.e., a stable temperament and a healthy character configuration). About 71.9% in Joint Personality Network 2 had an Apathetic (sct) Character Prof…
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Danilo Garcia
creator: Maryam Kazemitabar
creator: Kristina Stoyanova
creator: Drozdstoy Stoyanov
creator: C. Robert Cloninger
subject: Psychiatry and Psychology
subject: Mental Health
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.13956
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2022 Garcia et al.
abstract: Background Personality is the major predictor of people’s subjective well-being (i.e., positive affect, negative affect, and life satisfaction). Recent research in countries with high-income and strong self-transcendent values shows that well-being depends on multidimensional configurations of temperament and character traits (i.e., Joint Personality Networks) that regulate the way people learn to adapt their habits to be in accord with their goals and values, rather than individual traits. To evaluate the prevalence and the associations of different Joint Personality (temperament-character) Networks with well-being in a low-income country with weak self-transcendent values, we tested their association in Bulgarian adults, a population known to have strong secular-rationalist values but weak self-transcendent values. Method The sample consisted of 443 individuals from Bulgaria (68.70% females) with a mean age of 34 years (SD = 15.05). Participants self-reported personality (Temperament and Character Inventory), affect (Positive Affect Negative Affect Schedule), and life satisfaction (Satisfaction with Life Scale). The personality scores were used for profiling through latent profile analysis and latent class analysis based on temperament configurations (i.e., Temperament Profiles) of high/low scores of Novelty Seeking (N/n), Harm Avoidance (H/h), Reward Dependence (R/r), and Persistence (P/s); and character configurations (i.e., Character Profiles) of high/low scores of Self-Directedness (S/s), Cooperativeness (C/c), and Self-Transcendence (T/t). Results We found two Temperament Profiles and two Character Profiles that clustered into two distinctive Joint Personality Networks. All individuals in Joint Personality Network 1 had a Reliable (nhRP) Temperament Profile in combination with an Organized (SCt) Character Profile (i.e., a stable temperament and a healthy character configuration). About 71.9% in Joint Personality Network 2 had an Apathetic (sct) Character Prof…
bibliographic citation: Garcia et al. (2022) Differences in subjective well-being between individuals with distinct Joint Personality (temperament-character) networks in a Bulgarian sample. PeerJ 10:e13956 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.13956
date submitted: 2022-05-16
date accepted: 2022-08-06
issued: 2022-08-26
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Garcia
  given name: Danilo
author list: Agent
  family name: Kazemitabar
  given name: Maryam
author list: Agent
  family name: Stoyanova
  given name: Kristina
author list: Agent
  family name: Stoyanov
  given name: Drozdstoy
author list: Agent
  family name: Cloninger
  given name: C. Robert
doi: 10.7717/peerj.13956
volume: 10
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2022-08-26
copyright: ©2022 Garcia et al.
attribution name: Garcia et al.

The efficacy of computed tomography scanning versus surface scanning in 3D finite element analysis
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Finite element analysis (FEA) is a commonly used application in biomechanical studies of both extant and fossil taxa to assess stress and strain in solid structures such as bone. FEA can be performed on 3D structures that are generated using various methods, including computed tomography (CT) scans and surface scans. While previous palaeobiological studies have used both CT scanned models and surface scanned models, little research has evaluated to what degree FE results may vary when CT scans and surface scans of the same object are compared. Surface scans do not preserve the internal geometries of 3D structures, which are typically preserved in CT scans. Here, we created 3D models from CT scans and surface scans of the same specimens (crania and mandibles of a Nile crocodile, a green sea turtle, and a monitor lizard) and performed FEA under identical loading parameters. It was found that once surface scanned models are solidified, they output stress and strain distributions and model deformations comparable to their CT scanned counterparts, though differing by notable stress and strain magnitudes in some cases, depending on morphology of the specimen and the degree of reconstruction applied. Despite similarities in overall mechanical behaviour, surface scanned models can differ in exterior shape compared to CT scanned models due to inaccuracies that can occur during scanning and reconstruction, resulting in local differences in stress distribution. Solid-fill surface scanned models generally output lower stresses compared to CT scanned models due to their compact interiors, which must be accounted for in studies that use both types of scans.
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Andre J. Rowe
creator: Emily J. Rayfield
subject: Computational Biology
subject: Evolutionary Studies
subject: Paleontology
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.13760
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2022 Rowe and Rayfield
abstract: Finite element analysis (FEA) is a commonly used application in biomechanical studies of both extant and fossil taxa to assess stress and strain in solid structures such as bone. FEA can be performed on 3D structures that are generated using various methods, including computed tomography (CT) scans and surface scans. While previous palaeobiological studies have used both CT scanned models and surface scanned models, little research has evaluated to what degree FE results may vary when CT scans and surface scans of the same object are compared. Surface scans do not preserve the internal geometries of 3D structures, which are typically preserved in CT scans. Here, we created 3D models from CT scans and surface scans of the same specimens (crania and mandibles of a Nile crocodile, a green sea turtle, and a monitor lizard) and performed FEA under identical loading parameters. It was found that once surface scanned models are solidified, they output stress and strain distributions and model deformations comparable to their CT scanned counterparts, though differing by notable stress and strain magnitudes in some cases, depending on morphology of the specimen and the degree of reconstruction applied. Despite similarities in overall mechanical behaviour, surface scanned models can differ in exterior shape compared to CT scanned models due to inaccuracies that can occur during scanning and reconstruction, resulting in local differences in stress distribution. Solid-fill surface scanned models generally output lower stresses compared to CT scanned models due to their compact interiors, which must be accounted for in studies that use both types of scans.
bibliographic citation: Rowe et al. (2022) The efficacy of computed tomography scanning versus surface scanning in 3D finite element analysis. PeerJ 10:e13760 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.13760
date submitted: 2022-04-04
date accepted: 2022-06-29
issued: 2022-08-25
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Rowe
  given name: Andre J.
author list: Agent
  family name: Rayfield
  given name: Emily J.
doi: 10.7717/peerj.13760
volume: 10
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2022-08-25
copyright: ©2022 Rowe and Rayfield
attribution name: Rowe and Rayfield

Evolution of pathogenicity in obligate fungal pathogens and allied genera
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Obligate fungal pathogens (ascomycetes and basidiomycetes) and oomycetes are known to cause diseases in cereal crop plants. They feed on living cells and most of them have learned to bypass the host immune machinery. This paper discusses some of the factors that are associated with pathogenicity drawing examples from ascomycetes, basidiomycetes and oomycetes, with respect to their manifestation in crop plants. The comparisons have revealed a striking similarity in the three groups suggesting convergent pathways that have arisen from three lineages independently leading to an obligate lifestyle. This review has been written with the intent, that new information on adaptation strategies of biotrophs, modifications in pathogenicity strategies and population dynamics will improve current strategies for breeding with stable resistance.
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Moytri RoyChowdhury
creator: Jake Sternhagen
creator: Ya Xin
creator: Binghai Lou
creator: Xiaobai Li
creator: Chunnan Li
subject: Agricultural Science
subject: Evolutionary Studies
subject: Genetics
subject: Mycology
subject: Plant Science
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.13794
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2022 RoyChowdhury et al.
abstract: Obligate fungal pathogens (ascomycetes and basidiomycetes) and oomycetes are known to cause diseases in cereal crop plants. They feed on living cells and most of them have learned to bypass the host immune machinery. This paper discusses some of the factors that are associated with pathogenicity drawing examples from ascomycetes, basidiomycetes and oomycetes, with respect to their manifestation in crop plants. The comparisons have revealed a striking similarity in the three groups suggesting convergent pathways that have arisen from three lineages independently leading to an obligate lifestyle. This review has been written with the intent, that new information on adaptation strategies of biotrophs, modifications in pathogenicity strategies and population dynamics will improve current strategies for breeding with stable resistance.
bibliographic citation: RoyChowdhury et al. (2022) Evolution of pathogenicity in obligate fungal pathogens and allied genera. PeerJ 10:e13794 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.13794
date submitted: 2021-08-06
date accepted: 2022-07-06
issued: 2022-08-25
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: RoyChowdhury
  given name: Moytri
author list: Agent
  family name: Sternhagen
  given name: Jake
author list: Agent
  family name: Xin
  given name: Ya
author list: Agent
  family name: Lou
  given name: Binghai
author list: Agent
  family name: Li
  given name: Xiaobai
author list: Agent
  family name: Li
  given name: Chunnan
doi: 10.7717/peerj.13794
volume: 10
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2022-08-25
copyright: ©2022 RoyChowdhury et al.
attribution name: RoyChowdhury et al.

Readiness of the primary health care units and associated factors for the management of hypertension and type II diabetes mellitus in Sidama, Ethiopia
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Background In low-income nations such as Ethiopia, noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are becoming more common. The Ethiopian Ministry of Health has prioritized NCD prevention, early diagnosis, and management. However, research on the readiness of public health facilities to address NCDs, particularly hypertension and type II diabetes mellitus, is limited. Methods The study used a multistage cluster sampling method and a health facility-based cross-sectional study design. A total of 83 health facilities were evaluated based on WHO’s Service Availability and Readiness Assessment (SARA) tool to investigate the availability of services and the readiness of the primary health care unit (PHCU) to manage type II diabetes and Hypertension. Trained data collectors interviewed with PHCU head or NCD focal persons. The study tried to investigate (1) the availability of basic amenities and the four domains: staff and guidelines, basic equipment, diagnostic materials, and essential medicines used to manage DM and HPN, (2) the readiness of the PHCU to manage DM and HPN. The data were processed by using SPSS version 24. Descriptive statistics, including frequency and percentage, inferential statistics like the chi-square test, and logistic regression models were used to analyze the data. Results Of the 82 health facilities, only 29% and 28% of the PHCU identified as ready to manage HPN and DM. Facility type, facility location, presence of guidelines, trained staff, groups of antihypertensive and antidiabetic medicines had a significant impact (P < 0.05) on the readiness of the PHCU to manage HPN and DM at a 0.05 level of significance. Facilities located in urban were 8.2 times more likely to be ready to manage HPN cases than facilities located in rural (AOR = 8.2, 95% CI [2.4–28.5]) and P < 0.05. Conclusion and recommendation The results identified comparatively poor and deprived readiness to offer HPN and DM services at lower-level health facilities(health centers). Equipping the lo…
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Tigist Kebede Mulugeta
creator: Dejene Hailu Kassa
subject: Cardiology
subject: Diabetes and Endocrinology
subject: Healthcare Services
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.13797
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2022 Mulugeta and Kassa
abstract: Background In low-income nations such as Ethiopia, noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are becoming more common. The Ethiopian Ministry of Health has prioritized NCD prevention, early diagnosis, and management. However, research on the readiness of public health facilities to address NCDs, particularly hypertension and type II diabetes mellitus, is limited. Methods The study used a multistage cluster sampling method and a health facility-based cross-sectional study design. A total of 83 health facilities were evaluated based on WHO’s Service Availability and Readiness Assessment (SARA) tool to investigate the availability of services and the readiness of the primary health care unit (PHCU) to manage type II diabetes and Hypertension. Trained data collectors interviewed with PHCU head or NCD focal persons. The study tried to investigate (1) the availability of basic amenities and the four domains: staff and guidelines, basic equipment, diagnostic materials, and essential medicines used to manage DM and HPN, (2) the readiness of the PHCU to manage DM and HPN. The data were processed by using SPSS version 24. Descriptive statistics, including frequency and percentage, inferential statistics like the chi-square test, and logistic regression models were used to analyze the data. Results Of the 82 health facilities, only 29% and 28% of the PHCU identified as ready to manage HPN and DM. Facility type, facility location, presence of guidelines, trained staff, groups of antihypertensive and antidiabetic medicines had a significant impact (P < 0.05) on the readiness of the PHCU to manage HPN and DM at a 0.05 level of significance. Facilities located in urban were 8.2 times more likely to be ready to manage HPN cases than facilities located in rural (AOR = 8.2, 95% CI [2.4–28.5]) and P < 0.05. Conclusion and recommendation The results identified comparatively poor and deprived readiness to offer HPN and DM services at lower-level health facilities(health centers). Equipping the lo…
bibliographic citation: Mulugeta et al. (2022) Readiness of the primary health care units and associated factors for the management of hypertension and type II diabetes mellitus in Sidama, Ethiopia. PeerJ 10:e13797 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.13797
date submitted: 2022-04-29
date accepted: 2022-07-06
issued: 2022-08-25
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Mulugeta
  given name: Tigist Kebede
author list: Agent
  family name: Kassa
  given name: Dejene Hailu
doi: 10.7717/peerj.13797
volume: 10
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2022-08-25
copyright: © 2022 Mulugeta and Kassa
attribution name: Mulugeta and Kassa

Diagnosis and potential invasion risk of Thrips parvispinus under current and future climate change scenarios
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Background and Objective Invasive thrips, Thrips parvispinus Karny recently reported in India, causing a widespread severe infestation in more than 0.4 million ha of chilli (Capsicum annum L.) growing areas. This species is native to Thailand and most prevalent in other South East Asian countries. Large scale cultivation of the major host plants (chilli and papaya), and favourable climatic conditions in India and other countries similar to native range of Thrips parvispinus expected to favour its further spread and establishment to new areas. Materials and Methods The present study was undertaken to confirm invasive thrips species identity through both morphological and molecular approaches and predict its potential invasion using the maximum entropy (MaxEnt) algorithm. Results The model predicted species range in respect of discrimination of suitable and unsuitable areas for its occurrence both in current and future climatic scenarios. The model provided a good fit for species distribution with a high value of area under the curve (0.957). The jackknife test indicated annual mean temperature and precipitation were found to be the most important bioclimatic variable in determining the distribution of T. parvispinus. High suitability areas were predicted in the countries wherever its occurrence was reported with high discrimination ability of suitable and unsuitable areas. Key distinguishing morphological characters of T. parvispinus were illustrated through high-resolution scanning electron microscopic images. Conclusion The identity of the thrips causing wide spread damage in chilli confirmed through morphological and molecular approaches. Key identifying characters were described through high resolution scanning electron microscopic images for accurate identification of the species. MaxEnt model identified high suitability regions for the potential establishment of T. parvispinus in India and other parts of the world. This study facilitates forecasting of further …
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Timmanna Hulagappa
creator: Gundappa Baradevanal
creator: Shwetha Surpur
creator: Devaramane Raghavendra
creator: Sagar Doddachowdappa
creator: Pathour R. Shashank
creator: Kumaranag Kereyagalahalli Mallaiah
creator: Jamuna Bedar
subject: Agricultural Science
subject: Biogeography
subject: Ecology
subject: Entomology
subject: Zoology
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.13868
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2022 Hn et al.
abstract: Background and Objective Invasive thrips, Thrips parvispinus Karny recently reported in India, causing a widespread severe infestation in more than 0.4 million ha of chilli (Capsicum annum L.) growing areas. This species is native to Thailand and most prevalent in other South East Asian countries. Large scale cultivation of the major host plants (chilli and papaya), and favourable climatic conditions in India and other countries similar to native range of Thrips parvispinus expected to favour its further spread and establishment to new areas. Materials and Methods The present study was undertaken to confirm invasive thrips species identity through both morphological and molecular approaches and predict its potential invasion using the maximum entropy (MaxEnt) algorithm. Results The model predicted species range in respect of discrimination of suitable and unsuitable areas for its occurrence both in current and future climatic scenarios. The model provided a good fit for species distribution with a high value of area under the curve (0.957). The jackknife test indicated annual mean temperature and precipitation were found to be the most important bioclimatic variable in determining the distribution of T. parvispinus. High suitability areas were predicted in the countries wherever its occurrence was reported with high discrimination ability of suitable and unsuitable areas. Key distinguishing morphological characters of T. parvispinus were illustrated through high-resolution scanning electron microscopic images. Conclusion The identity of the thrips causing wide spread damage in chilli confirmed through morphological and molecular approaches. Key identifying characters were described through high resolution scanning electron microscopic images for accurate identification of the species. MaxEnt model identified high suitability regions for the potential establishment of T. parvispinus in India and other parts of the world. This study facilitates forecasting of further …
bibliographic citation: Hulagappa et al. (2022) Diagnosis and potential invasion risk of Thrips parvispinus under current and future climate change scenarios. PeerJ 10:e13868 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.13868
date submitted: 2022-03-31
date accepted: 2022-07-19
issued: 2022-08-25
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Hulagappa
  given name: Timmanna
author list: Agent
  family name: Baradevanal
  given name: Gundappa
author list: Agent
  family name: Surpur
  given name: Shwetha
author list: Agent
  family name: Raghavendra
  given name: Devaramane
author list: Agent
  family name: Doddachowdappa
  given name: Sagar
author list: Agent
  family name: R. Shashank
  given name: Pathour
author list: Agent
  family name: Kereyagalahalli Mallaiah
  given name: Kumaranag
author list: Agent
  family name: Bedar
  given name: Jamuna
doi: 10.7717/peerj.13868
volume: 10
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2022-08-25
copyright: © 2022 Hn et al.
attribution name: Hn et al.

Total evidence time-scaled phylogenetic and biogeographic models for the evolution of sea cows (Sirenia, Afrotheria)
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Molecular phylogenetic studies that have included sirenians from the genera Trichechus, Dugong, and Hydrodamalis have resolved their interrelationships but have yielded divergence age estimates that are problematically discordant. The ages of these lineage splits have profound implications for how to interpret the sirenian fossil record—including clade membership, biogeographic patterns, and correlations with Earth history events. In an effort to address these issues, here we present a total evidence phylogenetic analysis of Sirenia that includes living and fossil species and applies Bayesian tip-dating methods to estimate their interrelationships and divergence times. In addition to extant sirenians, our dataset includes 56 fossil species from 106 dated localities and numerous afrotherian outgroup taxa. Genetic, morphological, temporal, and biogeographic data are assessed simultaneously to bring all available evidence to bear on sirenian phylogeny. The resulting time-tree is then used for Bayesian geocoordinates reconstruction analysis, which models ancestral geographic areas at splits throughout the phylogeny, thereby allowing us to infer the direction and timing of dispersals. Our results suggest that Pan-Sirenia arose in North Africa during the latest Paleocene and that the Eocene evolution of stem sirenians was primarily situated in the Tethyan realm. In the late Eocene, some lineages moved into more northern European latitudes, an area that became the source region for a key trans-Atlantic dispersal towards the Caribbean and northern-adjacent west Atlantic. This event led to the phylogenetic and biogeographic founding of crown Sirenia with the Dugongidae-Trichechidae split occurring at the Eocene-Oligocene boundary (~33.9 Ma), temporally coincident with the onset of dropping global sea levels and temperatures. This region became the nexus of sirenian diversification and supported taxonomically-rich dugongid communities until the earliest Pliocene. The Dugongin…
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Steven Heritage
creator: Erik R. Seiffert
subject: Biogeography
subject: Evolutionary Studies
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Paleontology
subject: Zoology
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.13886
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2022 Heritage and Seiffert
abstract: Molecular phylogenetic studies that have included sirenians from the genera Trichechus, Dugong, and Hydrodamalis have resolved their interrelationships but have yielded divergence age estimates that are problematically discordant. The ages of these lineage splits have profound implications for how to interpret the sirenian fossil record—including clade membership, biogeographic patterns, and correlations with Earth history events. In an effort to address these issues, here we present a total evidence phylogenetic analysis of Sirenia that includes living and fossil species and applies Bayesian tip-dating methods to estimate their interrelationships and divergence times. In addition to extant sirenians, our dataset includes 56 fossil species from 106 dated localities and numerous afrotherian outgroup taxa. Genetic, morphological, temporal, and biogeographic data are assessed simultaneously to bring all available evidence to bear on sirenian phylogeny. The resulting time-tree is then used for Bayesian geocoordinates reconstruction analysis, which models ancestral geographic areas at splits throughout the phylogeny, thereby allowing us to infer the direction and timing of dispersals. Our results suggest that Pan-Sirenia arose in North Africa during the latest Paleocene and that the Eocene evolution of stem sirenians was primarily situated in the Tethyan realm. In the late Eocene, some lineages moved into more northern European latitudes, an area that became the source region for a key trans-Atlantic dispersal towards the Caribbean and northern-adjacent west Atlantic. This event led to the phylogenetic and biogeographic founding of crown Sirenia with the Dugongidae-Trichechidae split occurring at the Eocene-Oligocene boundary (~33.9 Ma), temporally coincident with the onset of dropping global sea levels and temperatures. This region became the nexus of sirenian diversification and supported taxonomically-rich dugongid communities until the earliest Pliocene. The Dugongin…
bibliographic citation: Heritage et al. (2022) Total evidence time-scaled phylogenetic and biogeographic models for the evolution of sea cows (Sirenia, Afrotheria). PeerJ 10:e13886 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.13886
date submitted: 2022-05-27
date accepted: 2022-07-21
issued: 2022-08-25
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Heritage
  given name: Steven
author list: Agent
  family name: Seiffert
  given name: Erik R.
doi: 10.7717/peerj.13886
volume: 10
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2022-08-25
copyright: © 2022 Heritage and Seiffert
attribution name: Heritage and Seiffert

Phylogenetic position of the enigmatic genus Atherospio and description of Atherospio aestuarii sp. nov. (Annelida: Spionidae) from Japan
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Background There are currently two species within the small enigmatic genus Atherospio Mackie & Duff, 1986, which belongs to the Pygospiopsis-Atherospio group in the family Spionidae Grube, 1850. The taxonomic relationship of the genus Atherospio with other spionid or spioniform genera is currently not well understood due to its unusual morphological characteristics. Methods Here, we describe a new Atherospio species, Atherospio aestuarii sp. nov., based on materials collected from three localities in Japan: Hirota Bay (Iwate Prefecture), Ago Bay (Mie Prefecture), and Yakushima Island (Kagoshima Prefecture). We have also evaluated the possible systematic position of this new species by conducting molecular phylogenetic analyses using the nuclear 18S, 28S, and mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene sequences. Results The morphology of A. aestuarii sp. nov. resembles that of A. disticha Mackie & Duff, 1986 and A. guillei (Laubier & Ramos, 1974) in having branchiae fused to the notopodial lamellae on a restricted number of segments from chaetiger 7, modified neurochaetae on chaetiger 5, and at least some bidentate neuropodial hooks with the secondary tooth below the main fang. The form and arrangement of the modified aristate neurochaetae in double vertical rows closely resemble those found on chaetigers 4 and 5 of A. disticha. The new species lacks the occipital antenna present in A. disticha. In this respect it resembles A. guillei, however, that species differs in having robust neuropodial spines on chaetiger 5 and peristomial papillae, and a preponderance of unidentate neurochaetae. Both A. guillei and the new species have slender needle-like notochaetae in their posteriormost chaetigers. Atherospio aestuarii sp. nov. is distinguished from both congeneric species by its branchial and neuropodial hook distributions. The new species is also unique in that it was recorded at relatively shallow depths, which included intertidal zones. The results of our molecular phylogenetic ana…
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Hirokazu Abe
creator: Kotaro Kan
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Taxonomy
subject: Zoology
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.13909
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2022 Abe and Kan
abstract: Background There are currently two species within the small enigmatic genus Atherospio Mackie & Duff, 1986, which belongs to the Pygospiopsis-Atherospio group in the family Spionidae Grube, 1850. The taxonomic relationship of the genus Atherospio with other spionid or spioniform genera is currently not well understood due to its unusual morphological characteristics. Methods Here, we describe a new Atherospio species, Atherospio aestuarii sp. nov., based on materials collected from three localities in Japan: Hirota Bay (Iwate Prefecture), Ago Bay (Mie Prefecture), and Yakushima Island (Kagoshima Prefecture). We have also evaluated the possible systematic position of this new species by conducting molecular phylogenetic analyses using the nuclear 18S, 28S, and mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene sequences. Results The morphology of A. aestuarii sp. nov. resembles that of A. disticha Mackie & Duff, 1986 and A. guillei (Laubier & Ramos, 1974) in having branchiae fused to the notopodial lamellae on a restricted number of segments from chaetiger 7, modified neurochaetae on chaetiger 5, and at least some bidentate neuropodial hooks with the secondary tooth below the main fang. The form and arrangement of the modified aristate neurochaetae in double vertical rows closely resemble those found on chaetigers 4 and 5 of A. disticha. The new species lacks the occipital antenna present in A. disticha. In this respect it resembles A. guillei, however, that species differs in having robust neuropodial spines on chaetiger 5 and peristomial papillae, and a preponderance of unidentate neurochaetae. Both A. guillei and the new species have slender needle-like notochaetae in their posteriormost chaetigers. Atherospio aestuarii sp. nov. is distinguished from both congeneric species by its branchial and neuropodial hook distributions. The new species is also unique in that it was recorded at relatively shallow depths, which included intertidal zones. The results of our molecular phylogenetic ana…
bibliographic citation: Abe et al. (2022) Phylogenetic position of the enigmatic genus Atherospio and description of Atherospio aestuarii sp. nov. (Annelida: Spionidae) from Japan. PeerJ 10:e13909 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.13909
date submitted: 2022-03-02
date accepted: 2022-07-27
issued: 2022-08-25
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Abe
  given name: Hirokazu
author list: Agent
  family name: Kan
  given name: Kotaro
doi: 10.7717/peerj.13909
volume: 10
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2022-08-25
copyright: © 2022 Abe and Kan
attribution name: Abe and Kan

Association between changes in social capital and mental well-being among older people in China
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Background The mental well-being of older people has become social concern under aging times in China. Social capital has been linked to mental well-being. Our aims were to explore how social capital and the state of mental well-being of older people were changing and what the relationship between them was. Methods Data were from six waves of the China Family Panel Studies that were conducted between 2010 and 2020, and a total of 1,055 participants aged 60 and over were included in the analysis. The Generalized Estimated Equation model (GEE) was used to clarify the long-term relationship, and to use GEE we first defined how time points were related, in other words, an appropriate working correlation structure was supposed to choose. Therefore, correlation coefficient between measurements at two time points was calculated to choose the exchange structure. All the analyses were performed in the statistical software Stata 15.0. Results The mental well-being of older people has deteriorated over time, especially we found that between 2014 and 2016, the mental well-being of older people plummeted. In addition, cognitive social capital was positively correlated with mental well-being, while structural social capital was inverse. Conclusions Policymakers are supposed to take into account the long-term impact of cognitive and structural social capital on the mental well-being of older people and to provide them with projects aimed at increasing cognitive social capital and turning the pressure of structural social capital into a source of happiness in life.
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Huihui Wang
creator: Jingni Zhang
creator: Zhenfan Yu
creator: Naifan Hu
creator: Yurun Du
creator: Xiaoxue He
creator: Degong Pan
creator: Lining Pu
creator: Xue Zhang
creator: Jiangping Li
subject: Epidemiology
subject: Geriatrics
subject: Psychiatry and Psychology
subject: Public Health
subject: Mental Health
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.13938
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2022 Wang et al.
abstract: Background The mental well-being of older people has become social concern under aging times in China. Social capital has been linked to mental well-being. Our aims were to explore how social capital and the state of mental well-being of older people were changing and what the relationship between them was. Methods Data were from six waves of the China Family Panel Studies that were conducted between 2010 and 2020, and a total of 1,055 participants aged 60 and over were included in the analysis. The Generalized Estimated Equation model (GEE) was used to clarify the long-term relationship, and to use GEE we first defined how time points were related, in other words, an appropriate working correlation structure was supposed to choose. Therefore, correlation coefficient between measurements at two time points was calculated to choose the exchange structure. All the analyses were performed in the statistical software Stata 15.0. Results The mental well-being of older people has deteriorated over time, especially we found that between 2014 and 2016, the mental well-being of older people plummeted. In addition, cognitive social capital was positively correlated with mental well-being, while structural social capital was inverse. Conclusions Policymakers are supposed to take into account the long-term impact of cognitive and structural social capital on the mental well-being of older people and to provide them with projects aimed at increasing cognitive social capital and turning the pressure of structural social capital into a source of happiness in life.
bibliographic citation: Wang et al. (2022) Association between changes in social capital and mental well-being among older people in China. PeerJ 10:e13938 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.13938
date submitted: 2022-06-02
date accepted: 2022-08-02
issued: 2022-08-25
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Wang
  given name: Huihui
author list: Agent
  family name: Zhang
  given name: Jingni
author list: Agent
  family name: Yu
  given name: Zhenfan
author list: Agent
  family name: Hu
  given name: Naifan
author list: Agent
  family name: Du
  given name: Yurun
author list: Agent
  family name: He
  given name: Xiaoxue
author list: Agent
  family name: Pan
  given name: Degong
author list: Agent
  family name: Pu
  given name: Lining
author list: Agent
  family name: Zhang
  given name: Xue
author list: Agent
  family name: Li
  given name: Jiangping
doi: 10.7717/peerj.13938
volume: 10
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2022-08-25
copyright: ©2022 Wang et al.
attribution name: Wang et al.

PeerJ
type: Periodical
uri: PeerJ
issn: 2167-8359