PeerJ
type: channel
link: https://peerj.com/articles/
description: Articles published in PeerJ
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
publication name: PeerJ
issn: 2167-8359
items: Deteriorated sleep quality and influencing factors among undergraduates in northern Guizhou, China
items: Co-expression network analysis of genes and networks associated with wheat pistillody
items: Embedding the value of coastal ecosystem services into climate change adaptation planning
items: Sperm quality of artificially matured shortfinned eel is not affected by human chorionic gonadotropin dose and route of administration
items: Accurate image-based identification of macroinvertebrate specimens using deep learning—How much training data is needed?
items: Impact of emotional intelligence on adherence to the Mediterranean diet in elementary education school students. A structural equation model
items: Drift macroalgal distribution in northern Gulf of Mexico seagrass meadows
items: The effects of university students’ fragmented reading on cognitive development in the new media age: evidence from Chinese higher education
items: Body mass index and attention bias of food cues in women: a mediation model of body weight dissatisfaction
items: Probability-based preservational variations within the early Cambrian Chengjiang biota (China)

Deteriorated sleep quality and influencing factors among undergraduates in northern Guizhou, China
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Background The sleep quality of undergraduates is considerably worse than that in general population, a cross sectional study was conducted to evaluate sleep quality and identify related factors. Methods All participants from the freshmen to senior were recruited by the stratified cluster sampling from December 1, 2018 to January 12, 2019. The questionnaire used in this research was primarily composed of three sections: demographic characteristics, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire and influencing factors of sleep quality. The data were analyzed using SPSS 18.0. Results A total of 1,063 valid questionnaires were collected. Among them, 53.7% subjects suffered poor sleep quality. PSQI general score was 5.94 ± 2.73. There were significantly differences in sleep quality in sex, majors and grades. The survey reported that women suffered worse sleep quality than that of men, and medical students suffered worse sleep quality than non-medical students. Meanwhile, it also found that freshmen had better sleep quality than that of sophomores and juniors, sophomores suffered worst sleep quality. The logistic regression analysis showed that bad physical condition (OR (Odds ratio): 2.971 (2.034∼4.339)) and smoking (OR: 1.754 (1.258∼2.446)) were associated with poor sleep quality in males. However, more factors associated with poor sleep quality among females were found, including noisy dormitory environment (OR: 2.025 (1.354-3.030)), skipping breakfast more times per week (OR: 1.332 (1.031∼1.721)), drinking coffee before sleep (OR: 2.111 (1.155∼3.861)), playing with mobile phones for more than 45 minutes before sleep (OR: 1.745 (1.210∼2.515)), more time spent playing games per day (OR: 1.347 (1.048∼1.730)), bad physical condition (OR: 2.507 (1.797-3.497)), and severe academic stress (OR: 1.561 (1.126-2.166)). Conclusion About half of college students experienced poor sleep, and poor sleep quality was prevalent in women, medical students, and sophomores. Moreover…
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Yanna Zhou
creator: Shixing Bo
creator: Sujian Ruan
creator: Qingxue Dai
creator: Yingkuan Tian
creator: Xiuquan Shi
subject: Epidemiology
subject: Global Health
subject: Psychiatry and Psychology
subject: Public Health
subject: Mental Health
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.13833
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2022 Zhou et al.
abstract: Background The sleep quality of undergraduates is considerably worse than that in general population, a cross sectional study was conducted to evaluate sleep quality and identify related factors. Methods All participants from the freshmen to senior were recruited by the stratified cluster sampling from December 1, 2018 to January 12, 2019. The questionnaire used in this research was primarily composed of three sections: demographic characteristics, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire and influencing factors of sleep quality. The data were analyzed using SPSS 18.0. Results A total of 1,063 valid questionnaires were collected. Among them, 53.7% subjects suffered poor sleep quality. PSQI general score was 5.94 ± 2.73. There were significantly differences in sleep quality in sex, majors and grades. The survey reported that women suffered worse sleep quality than that of men, and medical students suffered worse sleep quality than non-medical students. Meanwhile, it also found that freshmen had better sleep quality than that of sophomores and juniors, sophomores suffered worst sleep quality. The logistic regression analysis showed that bad physical condition (OR (Odds ratio): 2.971 (2.034∼4.339)) and smoking (OR: 1.754 (1.258∼2.446)) were associated with poor sleep quality in males. However, more factors associated with poor sleep quality among females were found, including noisy dormitory environment (OR: 2.025 (1.354-3.030)), skipping breakfast more times per week (OR: 1.332 (1.031∼1.721)), drinking coffee before sleep (OR: 2.111 (1.155∼3.861)), playing with mobile phones for more than 45 minutes before sleep (OR: 1.745 (1.210∼2.515)), more time spent playing games per day (OR: 1.347 (1.048∼1.730)), bad physical condition (OR: 2.507 (1.797-3.497)), and severe academic stress (OR: 1.561 (1.126-2.166)). Conclusion About half of college students experienced poor sleep, and poor sleep quality was prevalent in women, medical students, and sophomores. Moreover…
bibliographic citation: Zhou et al. (2022) Deteriorated sleep quality and influencing factors among undergraduates in northern Guizhou, China. PeerJ 10:e13833 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.13833
date submitted: 2022-03-15
date accepted: 2022-07-12
issued: 2022-08-24
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Zhou
  given name: Yanna
author list: Agent
  family name: Bo
  given name: Shixing
author list: Agent
  family name: Ruan
  given name: Sujian
author list: Agent
  family name: Dai
  given name: Qingxue
author list: Agent
  family name: Tian
  given name: Yingkuan
author list: Agent
  family name: Shi
  given name: Xiuquan
doi: 10.7717/peerj.13833
volume: 10
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2022-08-24
copyright: ©2022 Zhou et al.
attribution name: Zhou et al.

Co-expression network analysis of genes and networks associated with wheat pistillody
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Crop male sterility has great value in theoretical research and breeding application. HTS-1, whose stamens transformed into pistils or pistil-like structures, is an important male sterility material selecting from Chinese Spring three-pistil (CSTP) wheat. However the molecular mechanism of pistillody development in HTS-1 remains a mystery. RNA-seq data of 11 wheat tissues were obtained from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), including the stamens of CSTP and the pistils and pistillodic stamen of HTS-1. The Salmon program was utilized to quantify the gene expression levels of the 11 wheat tissues; and gene quantification results were normalized by transcripts per million (TPM). In total, 58,576 genes were used to construct block-wise network by co-expression networks analysis (WGCNA) R package. We obtained all of modules significantly associated with the 11 wheat tissues. AgriGO V2.0 was used to do Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis; and genes and transcription factors (TFs) in these significant modules about wheat pistillody development were identified from GO enrichment results. Basic local alignment search tool (BLAST) was used to align HTS-1 proteins with the published pistillody-related proteins and TFs. Genes about wheat pistillody development were analyzed and validated by qRT-PCR. The MEturquoise, MEsaddlebrown, MEplum, MEcoral1, MElightsteelblue1, and MEdarkslateblue modules were significantly corelated to pistillodic stamen (correlation p < 0.05). Moreover, 206 genes related to carpel development (GO:0048440) or gynoecium development (GO:0048467) were identified only in the MEturquoise module by Gene Ontology (GO) analysis, and 42 of 206 genes were hub genes in MEturquoise module. qRT-PCR results showed that 38 of the 42 hub genes had highly expressed in pistils and pistillodic stamens than in stamens. A total of 15 pistillody development-related proteins were validated by BLAST. Transcription factors (TFs) were also analyzed in t…
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Zhenyong Chen
creator: Mingli Liao
creator: Zaijun Yang
creator: Weiying Chen
creator: Shuhong Wei
creator: Jian Zou
creator: Zhengsong Peng
subject: Agricultural Science
subject: Bioinformatics
subject: Genomics
subject: Plant Science
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.13902
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2022 Chen et al.
abstract: Crop male sterility has great value in theoretical research and breeding application. HTS-1, whose stamens transformed into pistils or pistil-like structures, is an important male sterility material selecting from Chinese Spring three-pistil (CSTP) wheat. However the molecular mechanism of pistillody development in HTS-1 remains a mystery. RNA-seq data of 11 wheat tissues were obtained from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), including the stamens of CSTP and the pistils and pistillodic stamen of HTS-1. The Salmon program was utilized to quantify the gene expression levels of the 11 wheat tissues; and gene quantification results were normalized by transcripts per million (TPM). In total, 58,576 genes were used to construct block-wise network by co-expression networks analysis (WGCNA) R package. We obtained all of modules significantly associated with the 11 wheat tissues. AgriGO V2.0 was used to do Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis; and genes and transcription factors (TFs) in these significant modules about wheat pistillody development were identified from GO enrichment results. Basic local alignment search tool (BLAST) was used to align HTS-1 proteins with the published pistillody-related proteins and TFs. Genes about wheat pistillody development were analyzed and validated by qRT-PCR. The MEturquoise, MEsaddlebrown, MEplum, MEcoral1, MElightsteelblue1, and MEdarkslateblue modules were significantly corelated to pistillodic stamen (correlation p < 0.05). Moreover, 206 genes related to carpel development (GO:0048440) or gynoecium development (GO:0048467) were identified only in the MEturquoise module by Gene Ontology (GO) analysis, and 42 of 206 genes were hub genes in MEturquoise module. qRT-PCR results showed that 38 of the 42 hub genes had highly expressed in pistils and pistillodic stamens than in stamens. A total of 15 pistillody development-related proteins were validated by BLAST. Transcription factors (TFs) were also analyzed in t…
bibliographic citation: Chen et al. (2022) Co-expression network analysis of genes and networks associated with wheat pistillody. PeerJ 10:e13902 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.13902
date submitted: 2022-05-07
date accepted: 2022-07-24
issued: 2022-08-24
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Chen
  given name: Zhenyong
author list: Agent
  family name: Liao
  given name: Mingli
author list: Agent
  family name: Yang
  given name: Zaijun
author list: Agent
  family name: Chen
  given name: Weiying
author list: Agent
  family name: Wei
  given name: Shuhong
author list: Agent
  family name: Zou
  given name: Jian
author list: Agent
  family name: Peng
  given name: Zhengsong
doi: 10.7717/peerj.13902
volume: 10
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2022-08-24
copyright: ©2022 Chen et al.
attribution name: Chen et al.

Embedding the value of coastal ecosystem services into climate change adaptation planning
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Coastal habitats, such as salt marshes and dune systems, can protect communities from hazards by reducing coastline exposure. However, these critical habitats and their diverse ecosystem services are threatened by coastal development and the impacts from a changing climate. Ever increasing pressure on coastal habitats calls for coastal climate adaptation efforts that mitigate or adapt to these pressures in ways that maintain the integrity of coastal landscapes. An important challenge for decisionmakers is determining the best mitigation and adaptation strategies that not only protect human lives and property, but also safeguard the ability of coastal habitats to provide a broad suite of benefits. Here, we present a potential pathway for local-scale climate change adaptation planning through the identification and mapping of natural habitats that provide the greatest benefits to coastal communities. The methodology coupled a coastal vulnerability model with a climate adaptation policy assessment in an effort to identify priority locations for nature-based solutions that reduce vulnerability of critical assets using feasible land-use policy methods. Our results demonstrate the critical role of natural habitats in providing the ecosystem service of coastal protection in California. We found that specific dune habitats play a key role in reducing erosion and inundation of the coastline and that several wetland areas help to absorb energy from storms and provide a protective service for the coast of Marin county, California, USA. Climate change and adaptation planning are globally relevant issues in which the scalability and transferability of solutions must be considered. This work outlines an iterative approach for climate adaptation planning at a local-scale, with opportunity to consider the scalability of an iterative science-policy engagement approach to regional, national, and international levels.
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Lisa M. Wedding
creator: Sarah Reiter
creator: Monica Moritsch
creator: Eric Hartge
creator: Jesse Reiblich
creator: Don Gourlie
creator: Anne Guerry
subject: Ecosystem Science
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Coupled Natural and Human Systems
subject: Natural Resource Management
subject: Spatial and Geographic Information Science
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.13463
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2022 Wedding et al.
abstract: Coastal habitats, such as salt marshes and dune systems, can protect communities from hazards by reducing coastline exposure. However, these critical habitats and their diverse ecosystem services are threatened by coastal development and the impacts from a changing climate. Ever increasing pressure on coastal habitats calls for coastal climate adaptation efforts that mitigate or adapt to these pressures in ways that maintain the integrity of coastal landscapes. An important challenge for decisionmakers is determining the best mitigation and adaptation strategies that not only protect human lives and property, but also safeguard the ability of coastal habitats to provide a broad suite of benefits. Here, we present a potential pathway for local-scale climate change adaptation planning through the identification and mapping of natural habitats that provide the greatest benefits to coastal communities. The methodology coupled a coastal vulnerability model with a climate adaptation policy assessment in an effort to identify priority locations for nature-based solutions that reduce vulnerability of critical assets using feasible land-use policy methods. Our results demonstrate the critical role of natural habitats in providing the ecosystem service of coastal protection in California. We found that specific dune habitats play a key role in reducing erosion and inundation of the coastline and that several wetland areas help to absorb energy from storms and provide a protective service for the coast of Marin county, California, USA. Climate change and adaptation planning are globally relevant issues in which the scalability and transferability of solutions must be considered. This work outlines an iterative approach for climate adaptation planning at a local-scale, with opportunity to consider the scalability of an iterative science-policy engagement approach to regional, national, and international levels.
bibliographic citation: Wedding et al. (2022) Embedding the value of coastal ecosystem services into climate change adaptation planning. PeerJ 10:e13463 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.13463
date submitted: 2020-04-02
date accepted: 2022-04-28
issued: 2022-08-23
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Wedding
  given name: Lisa M.
author list: Agent
  family name: Reiter
  given name: Sarah
author list: Agent
  family name: Moritsch
  given name: Monica
author list: Agent
  family name: Hartge
  given name: Eric
author list: Agent
  family name: Reiblich
  given name: Jesse
author list: Agent
  family name: Gourlie
  given name: Don
author list: Agent
  family name: Guerry
  given name: Anne
doi: 10.7717/peerj.13463
volume: 10
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2022-08-23
copyright: ©2022 Wedding et al.
attribution name: Wedding et al.

Sperm quality of artificially matured shortfinned eel is not affected by human chorionic gonadotropin dose and route of administration
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Background Acquisition of high quality sperm is key to the artificial propagation of eels in captivity, but fertility drugs are expensive and repeated handling is stressful to the fish. An interrupted treatment regime (an initial hormone injection to stimulate spermatogenesis, followed several weeks later by weekly booster injections to induce sperm maturation) for acquisition of sperm in captive male eels has promise for high sperm quality on the one hand, and animal welfare benefits on the other. To further develop this approach for shortfinned eel, Anguilla australis, we evaluated the efficacy of (i) different initial doses of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and (ii) route of administration. Methods Male eels were artificially induced to mature with a single injection of 0, 250, 500 or 1,000 IU/fish of hCG, administered either intramuscularly (IM) or intraperitoneally (IP). Sperm maturation was induced with 150 IU hCG/fish from week 5 onwards and sperm collected for evaluation of quality by computer-assisted sperm analysis. Results Control males did not mature and hence, sperm could not be retrieved and analysed, but all other treatments were effective in inducing testicular maturation. Milt volume tended to be higher for fish injected IM compared to those injected IP, whereas hCG dose had no effect. Conversely, the concentration of spermatozoa tended to be higher for several sperm collection time points in IP-injected than in IM-injected fish. Sperm quality, represented by percent motility, percent progressive motility and curvilinear velocity, was equal in fish given an initial dose of 250 IU hCG to those given higher initial doses of hCG. Conclusions We recommend that an initial dose of 250 IU hCG/fish be administered to induce spermatogenesis in male A. australis, and, after a period of 4–5 weeks, weekly booster injections of ∼150 IU hCG/fish be administered in the day prior to sperm collection; both routes of administration (IM or IP) are equally effectiv…
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Sean L. Divers
creator: Sheri L. Johnson
creator: P. Mark Lokman
subject: Aquaculture, Fisheries and Fish Science
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Zoology
subject: Freshwater Biology
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.13742
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2022 Divers et al.
abstract: Background Acquisition of high quality sperm is key to the artificial propagation of eels in captivity, but fertility drugs are expensive and repeated handling is stressful to the fish. An interrupted treatment regime (an initial hormone injection to stimulate spermatogenesis, followed several weeks later by weekly booster injections to induce sperm maturation) for acquisition of sperm in captive male eels has promise for high sperm quality on the one hand, and animal welfare benefits on the other. To further develop this approach for shortfinned eel, Anguilla australis, we evaluated the efficacy of (i) different initial doses of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and (ii) route of administration. Methods Male eels were artificially induced to mature with a single injection of 0, 250, 500 or 1,000 IU/fish of hCG, administered either intramuscularly (IM) or intraperitoneally (IP). Sperm maturation was induced with 150 IU hCG/fish from week 5 onwards and sperm collected for evaluation of quality by computer-assisted sperm analysis. Results Control males did not mature and hence, sperm could not be retrieved and analysed, but all other treatments were effective in inducing testicular maturation. Milt volume tended to be higher for fish injected IM compared to those injected IP, whereas hCG dose had no effect. Conversely, the concentration of spermatozoa tended to be higher for several sperm collection time points in IP-injected than in IM-injected fish. Sperm quality, represented by percent motility, percent progressive motility and curvilinear velocity, was equal in fish given an initial dose of 250 IU hCG to those given higher initial doses of hCG. Conclusions We recommend that an initial dose of 250 IU hCG/fish be administered to induce spermatogenesis in male A. australis, and, after a period of 4–5 weeks, weekly booster injections of ∼150 IU hCG/fish be administered in the day prior to sperm collection; both routes of administration (IM or IP) are equally effectiv…
bibliographic citation: Divers et al. (2022) Sperm quality of artificially matured shortfinned eel is not affected by human chorionic gonadotropin dose and route of administration. PeerJ 10:e13742 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.13742
date submitted: 2022-04-05
date accepted: 2022-06-27
issued: 2022-08-23
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Divers
  given name: Sean L.
author list: Agent
  family name: Johnson
  given name: Sheri L.
author list: Agent
  family name: Lokman
  given name: P. Mark
doi: 10.7717/peerj.13742
volume: 10
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2022-08-23
copyright: ©2022 Divers et al.
attribution name: Divers et al.

Accurate image-based identification of macroinvertebrate specimens using deep learning—How much training data is needed?
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Image-based methods for species identification offer cost-efficient solutions for biomonitoring. This is particularly relevant for invertebrate studies, where bulk samples often represent insurmountable workloads for sorting, identifying, and counting individual specimens. On the other hand, image-based classification using deep learning tools have strict requirements for the amount of training data, which is often a limiting factor. Here, we examine how classification accuracy increases with the amount of training data using the BIODISCOVER imaging system constructed for image-based classification and biomass estimation of invertebrate specimens. We use a balanced dataset of 60 specimens of each of 16 taxa of freshwater macroinvertebrates to systematically quantify how classification performance of a convolutional neural network (CNN) increases for individual taxa and the overall community as the number of specimens used for training is increased. We show a striking 99.2% classification accuracy when the CNN (EfficientNet-B6) is trained on 50 specimens of each taxon, and also how the lower classification accuracy of models trained on less data is particularly evident for morphologically similar species placed within the same taxonomic order. Even with as little as 15 specimens used for training, classification accuracy reached 97%. Our results add to a recent body of literature showing the huge potential of image-based methods and deep learning for specimen-based research, and furthermore offers a perspective to future automatized approaches for deriving ecological data from bulk arthropod samples.
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Toke T. Høye
creator: Mads Dyrmann
creator: Christian Kjær
creator: Johnny Nielsen
creator: Marianne Bruus
creator: Cecilie L. Mielec
creator: Maria S. Vesterdal
creator: Kim Bjerge
creator: Sigurd A. Madsen
creator: Mads R. Jeppesen
creator: Claus Melvad
subject: Biodiversity
subject: Computational Biology
subject: Entomology
subject: Data Mining and Machine Learning
subject: Freshwater Biology
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.13837
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2022 Høye et al.
abstract: Image-based methods for species identification offer cost-efficient solutions for biomonitoring. This is particularly relevant for invertebrate studies, where bulk samples often represent insurmountable workloads for sorting, identifying, and counting individual specimens. On the other hand, image-based classification using deep learning tools have strict requirements for the amount of training data, which is often a limiting factor. Here, we examine how classification accuracy increases with the amount of training data using the BIODISCOVER imaging system constructed for image-based classification and biomass estimation of invertebrate specimens. We use a balanced dataset of 60 specimens of each of 16 taxa of freshwater macroinvertebrates to systematically quantify how classification performance of a convolutional neural network (CNN) increases for individual taxa and the overall community as the number of specimens used for training is increased. We show a striking 99.2% classification accuracy when the CNN (EfficientNet-B6) is trained on 50 specimens of each taxon, and also how the lower classification accuracy of models trained on less data is particularly evident for morphologically similar species placed within the same taxonomic order. Even with as little as 15 specimens used for training, classification accuracy reached 97%. Our results add to a recent body of literature showing the huge potential of image-based methods and deep learning for specimen-based research, and furthermore offers a perspective to future automatized approaches for deriving ecological data from bulk arthropod samples.
bibliographic citation: Høye et al. (2022) Accurate image-based identification of macroinvertebrate specimens using deep learning—How much training data is needed?. PeerJ 10:e13837 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.13837
date submitted: 2022-03-28
date accepted: 2022-07-13
issued: 2022-08-23
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Høye
  given name: Toke T.
author list: Agent
  family name: Dyrmann
  given name: Mads
author list: Agent
  family name: Kjær
  given name: Christian
author list: Agent
  family name: Nielsen
  given name: Johnny
author list: Agent
  family name: Bruus
  given name: Marianne
author list: Agent
  family name: Mielec
  given name: Cecilie L.
author list: Agent
  family name: Vesterdal
  given name: Maria S.
author list: Agent
  family name: Bjerge
  given name: Kim
author list: Agent
  family name: Madsen
  given name: Sigurd A.
author list: Agent
  family name: Jeppesen
  given name: Mads R.
author list: Agent
  family name: Melvad
  given name: Claus
doi: 10.7717/peerj.13837
volume: 10
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2022-08-23
copyright: ©2022 Høye et al.
attribution name: Høye et al.

Impact of emotional intelligence on adherence to the Mediterranean diet in elementary education school students. A structural equation model
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Background Adolescence is one of the stages where a large number of physical, psychological and emotional changes occur, the latter playing a key role in adherence to a healthy dietary pattern. Taking into account the above, this research reflects the objectives of developing an explanatory model of the incidence of attention, clarity and emotional repair on adherence to the Mediterranean diet and to contrast the structural model through a multigroup analysis based on Mediterranean adherence to this dietary pattern. Methods To this end, a comparative descriptive cross-sectional study has been carried out with 293 students from the third cycle of primary education. The instruments used were a sociodemographic questionnaire, the KIDMED test and the Trait Meta-Mood Scale (TMMS-24). Results Students who show low adherence to the Mediterranean diet have a negative association with the repair of negative emotions. Participants who show a medium adherence to the Mediterranean diet, it is observed that they have a negative relationship with emotional clarity, while students who claim to have a high adherence to the Mediterranean diet show positive relationships with each of the constructs that make up emotional intelligence.
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Eduardo Melguizo-Ibáñez
creator: Georgian Badicu
creator: Filipe Manuel Clemente
creator: Ana Filipa Silva
creator: Jose Luis Ubago-Jiménez
creator: Gabriel González-Valero
subject: Global Health
subject: Nutrition
subject: Psychiatry and Psychology
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.13839
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2022 Melguizo-Ibáñez et al.
abstract: Background Adolescence is one of the stages where a large number of physical, psychological and emotional changes occur, the latter playing a key role in adherence to a healthy dietary pattern. Taking into account the above, this research reflects the objectives of developing an explanatory model of the incidence of attention, clarity and emotional repair on adherence to the Mediterranean diet and to contrast the structural model through a multigroup analysis based on Mediterranean adherence to this dietary pattern. Methods To this end, a comparative descriptive cross-sectional study has been carried out with 293 students from the third cycle of primary education. The instruments used were a sociodemographic questionnaire, the KIDMED test and the Trait Meta-Mood Scale (TMMS-24). Results Students who show low adherence to the Mediterranean diet have a negative association with the repair of negative emotions. Participants who show a medium adherence to the Mediterranean diet, it is observed that they have a negative relationship with emotional clarity, while students who claim to have a high adherence to the Mediterranean diet show positive relationships with each of the constructs that make up emotional intelligence.
bibliographic citation: Melguizo-Ibáñez et al. (2022) Impact of emotional intelligence on adherence to the Mediterranean diet in elementary education school students. A structural equation model. PeerJ 10:e13839 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.13839
date submitted: 2022-04-29
date accepted: 2022-07-14
issued: 2022-08-23
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Melguizo-Ibáñez
  given name: Eduardo
author list: Agent
  family name: Badicu
  given name: Georgian
author list: Agent
  family name: Clemente
  given name: Filipe Manuel
author list: Agent
  family name: Silva
  given name: Ana Filipa
author list: Agent
  family name: Ubago-Jiménez
  given name: Jose Luis
author list: Agent
  family name: González-Valero
  given name: Gabriel
doi: 10.7717/peerj.13839
volume: 10
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2022-08-23
copyright: ©2022 Melguizo-Ibáñez et al.
attribution name: Melguizo-Ibáñez et al.

Drift macroalgal distribution in northern Gulf of Mexico seagrass meadows
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Drift macroalgae, often found in clumps or mats adjacent to or within seagrass beds, can increase the value of seagrass beds as habitat for nekton via added food resources and structural complexity. But, as algal biomass increases, it can also decrease light availability, inhibit faunal movements, smother benthic communities, and contribute to hypoxia, all of which can reduce nekton abundance. We quantified the abundance and distribution of drift macroalgae within seagrass meadows dominated by turtle grass Thalassia testudinum across the northern Gulf of Mexico and compared seagrass characteristics to macroalgal biomass and distribution. Drift macroalgae were most abundant in areas with higher seagrass shoot densities and intermediate canopy heights. We did not find significant relationships between algal biomass and point measures of salinity, temperature, or depth. The macroalgal genera Laurencia and Gracilaria were present across the study region, Agardhiella and Digenia were collected in the western Gulf of Mexico, and Acanthophora was collected in the eastern Gulf of Mexico. Our survey revealed drift algae to be abundant and widespread throughout seagrass meadows in the northern Gulf of Mexico, which likely influences the habitat value of seagrass ecosystems.
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Kelly M. Correia
creator: Scott B. Alford
creator: Benjamin A. Belgrad
creator: Kelly M. Darnell
creator: M. Zachary Darnell
creator: Bradley T. Furman
creator: Margaret O. Hall
creator: Christian T. Hayes
creator: Charles W. Martin
creator: Ashley M. McDonald
creator: Delbert L. Smee
subject: Aquaculture, Fisheries and Fish Science
subject: Biodiversity
subject: Ecology
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Climate Change Biology
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.13855
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2022 Correia et al.
abstract: Drift macroalgae, often found in clumps or mats adjacent to or within seagrass beds, can increase the value of seagrass beds as habitat for nekton via added food resources and structural complexity. But, as algal biomass increases, it can also decrease light availability, inhibit faunal movements, smother benthic communities, and contribute to hypoxia, all of which can reduce nekton abundance. We quantified the abundance and distribution of drift macroalgae within seagrass meadows dominated by turtle grass Thalassia testudinum across the northern Gulf of Mexico and compared seagrass characteristics to macroalgal biomass and distribution. Drift macroalgae were most abundant in areas with higher seagrass shoot densities and intermediate canopy heights. We did not find significant relationships between algal biomass and point measures of salinity, temperature, or depth. The macroalgal genera Laurencia and Gracilaria were present across the study region, Agardhiella and Digenia were collected in the western Gulf of Mexico, and Acanthophora was collected in the eastern Gulf of Mexico. Our survey revealed drift algae to be abundant and widespread throughout seagrass meadows in the northern Gulf of Mexico, which likely influences the habitat value of seagrass ecosystems.
bibliographic citation: Correia et al. (2022) Drift macroalgal distribution in northern Gulf of Mexico seagrass meadows. PeerJ 10:e13855 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.13855
date submitted: 2022-03-18
date accepted: 2022-07-16
issued: 2022-08-23
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Correia
  given name: Kelly M.
author list: Agent
  family name: Alford
  given name: Scott B.
author list: Agent
  family name: Belgrad
  given name: Benjamin A.
author list: Agent
  family name: Darnell
  given name: Kelly M.
author list: Agent
  family name: Darnell
  given name: M. Zachary
author list: Agent
  family name: Furman
  given name: Bradley T.
author list: Agent
  family name: Hall
  given name: Margaret O.
author list: Agent
  family name: Hayes
  given name: Christian T.
author list: Agent
  family name: Martin
  given name: Charles W.
author list: Agent
  family name: McDonald
  given name: Ashley M.
author list: Agent
  family name: Smee
  given name: Delbert L.
doi: 10.7717/peerj.13855
volume: 10
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2022-08-23
copyright: ©2022 Correia et al.
attribution name: Correia et al.

The effects of university students’ fragmented reading on cognitive development in the new media age: evidence from Chinese higher education
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Introduction The impacts of fragmented reading have been felt on a huge scale during the new media age. An increasingly fast-paced society and a corresponding drop in theoretical reading have affected reading literacy and cognitive development across communities—and among university students in particular. This study sought to identify the components of fragmented reading and cognitive development and investigate the former’s effects on the latter among university students in the new media age. Methods Paper-based and electronic surveys were used to gather demographic and related-reading data from undergraduates at six Chinese universities in early 2021. After testing the data from 916 samples for reliability and validity, descriptive statistics were obtained and path analysis was undertaken using structural equation modeling. Results The students reported relatively high levels of fragmented reading, particularly in its temporal form. Significant associations were found between the constructs of fragmented reading and cognitive development. Specifically, the fragmentation of content, time, and attention in reading behavior had significant, positive effects on cognitive breadth. However, each of these components was somewhat negatively associated with cognitive depth. Conclusions The findings disclosed the dual effects of fragmented reading on the cognitive development of students, opening a new perspective on this debate. As fragmented reading in the new media age grows inexorably, the study highlights the need to utilize its positive effects on cognitive development by integrating and classifying fragmented information into the mental maps of learners.
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Wei Liu
creator: Heng Huang
creator: Atif Saleem
creator: Zhongping Zhao
subject: Cognitive Disorders
subject: Psychiatry and Psychology
subject: Science and Medical Education
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.13861
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2022 Liu et al.
abstract: Introduction The impacts of fragmented reading have been felt on a huge scale during the new media age. An increasingly fast-paced society and a corresponding drop in theoretical reading have affected reading literacy and cognitive development across communities—and among university students in particular. This study sought to identify the components of fragmented reading and cognitive development and investigate the former’s effects on the latter among university students in the new media age. Methods Paper-based and electronic surveys were used to gather demographic and related-reading data from undergraduates at six Chinese universities in early 2021. After testing the data from 916 samples for reliability and validity, descriptive statistics were obtained and path analysis was undertaken using structural equation modeling. Results The students reported relatively high levels of fragmented reading, particularly in its temporal form. Significant associations were found between the constructs of fragmented reading and cognitive development. Specifically, the fragmentation of content, time, and attention in reading behavior had significant, positive effects on cognitive breadth. However, each of these components was somewhat negatively associated with cognitive depth. Conclusions The findings disclosed the dual effects of fragmented reading on the cognitive development of students, opening a new perspective on this debate. As fragmented reading in the new media age grows inexorably, the study highlights the need to utilize its positive effects on cognitive development by integrating and classifying fragmented information into the mental maps of learners.
bibliographic citation: Liu et al. (2022) The effects of university students’ fragmented reading on cognitive development in the new media age: evidence from Chinese higher education. PeerJ 10:e13861 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.13861
date submitted: 2021-12-27
date accepted: 2022-07-18
issued: 2022-08-23
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Liu
  given name: Wei
author list: Agent
  family name: Huang
  given name: Heng
author list: Agent
  family name: Saleem
  given name: Atif
author list: Agent
  family name: Zhao
  given name: Zhongping
doi: 10.7717/peerj.13861
volume: 10
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2022-08-23
copyright: ©2022 Liu et al.
attribution name: Liu et al.

Body mass index and attention bias of food cues in women: a mediation model of body weight dissatisfaction
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Food attention bias could be used to indicate diet-related diseases in individuals with obesity. The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and food attention bias, and the mediating role of body weight dissatisfaction (BWD) on this relationship in women. Seventy-five participants were recruited to complete a visual dot task with eye tracking. The results showed that BMI would positively predict response latency and duration bias on high-calorie foods; the relationship between BMI and response latency of high-calorie food was a complete mediation of BWD; the relationship between BMI and duration bias of high-calorie food was a complete mediation of BWD; and BWD positively predicts response latency and duration bias on high-calorie foods. These findings suggest a positive relationship between BMI and food attention bias, and the effect of a complete mediation of BWD in women.
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Aibao Zhou
creator: Pei Xie
creator: Md Zahir Ahmed
creator: Mary C. Jobe
creator: Oli Ahmed
subject: Nutrition
subject: Psychiatry and Psychology
subject: Women’s Health
subject: Obesity
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.13863
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2022 Zhou et al.
abstract: Food attention bias could be used to indicate diet-related diseases in individuals with obesity. The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and food attention bias, and the mediating role of body weight dissatisfaction (BWD) on this relationship in women. Seventy-five participants were recruited to complete a visual dot task with eye tracking. The results showed that BMI would positively predict response latency and duration bias on high-calorie foods; the relationship between BMI and response latency of high-calorie food was a complete mediation of BWD; the relationship between BMI and duration bias of high-calorie food was a complete mediation of BWD; and BWD positively predicts response latency and duration bias on high-calorie foods. These findings suggest a positive relationship between BMI and food attention bias, and the effect of a complete mediation of BWD in women.
bibliographic citation: Zhou et al. (2022) Body mass index and attention bias of food cues in women: a mediation model of body weight dissatisfaction. PeerJ 10:e13863 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.13863
date submitted: 2022-05-10
date accepted: 2022-07-18
issued: 2022-08-23
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Zhou
  given name: Aibao
author list: Agent
  family name: Xie
  given name: Pei
author list: Agent
  family name: Ahmed
  given name: Md Zahir
author list: Agent
  family name: Jobe
  given name: Mary C.
author list: Agent
  family name: Ahmed
  given name: Oli
doi: 10.7717/peerj.13863
volume: 10
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2022-08-23
copyright: ©2022 Zhou et al.
attribution name: Zhou et al.

Probability-based preservational variations within the early Cambrian Chengjiang biota (China)
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: The Chengjiang biota (Yunnan Province, China) is a treasure trove of soft-bodied animal fossils from the earliest stages of the Cambrian explosion. The mechanisms contributing to its unique preservation, known as the Burgess Shale-type preservation, are well understood. However, little is known about the preservation differences between various animal groups within this biota. This study compares tissue-occurrence data of 11 major animal groups in the Chengjiang biota using a probabilistic methodology. The fossil-based data from this study is compared to previous decay experiments. This shows that all groups are not equally preserved with some higher taxa more likely to preserve soft tissues than others. These differences in fossil preservation between taxa can be explained by the interaction of biological and environmental characteristics. A bias also results from differential taxonomic recognition, as some taxa are easily recognized from even poorly preserved fragments while other specimens are difficult to assign to higher taxa even with exquisite preservation.
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Farid Saleh
creator: Xiaoya Ma
creator: Pauline Guenser
creator: M. Gabriela Mángano
creator: Luis A. Buatois
creator: Jonathan B. Antcliffe
subject: Evolutionary Studies
subject: Paleontology
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.13869
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2022 Saleh et al.
abstract: The Chengjiang biota (Yunnan Province, China) is a treasure trove of soft-bodied animal fossils from the earliest stages of the Cambrian explosion. The mechanisms contributing to its unique preservation, known as the Burgess Shale-type preservation, are well understood. However, little is known about the preservation differences between various animal groups within this biota. This study compares tissue-occurrence data of 11 major animal groups in the Chengjiang biota using a probabilistic methodology. The fossil-based data from this study is compared to previous decay experiments. This shows that all groups are not equally preserved with some higher taxa more likely to preserve soft tissues than others. These differences in fossil preservation between taxa can be explained by the interaction of biological and environmental characteristics. A bias also results from differential taxonomic recognition, as some taxa are easily recognized from even poorly preserved fragments while other specimens are difficult to assign to higher taxa even with exquisite preservation.
bibliographic citation: Saleh et al. (2022) Probability-based preservational variations within the early Cambrian Chengjiang biota (China). PeerJ 10:e13869 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.13869
date submitted: 2022-04-07
date accepted: 2022-07-19
issued: 2022-08-23
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Saleh
  given name: Farid
author list: Agent
  family name: Ma
  given name: Xiaoya
author list: Agent
  family name: Guenser
  given name: Pauline
author list: Agent
  family name: Mángano
  given name: M. Gabriela
author list: Agent
  family name: Buatois
  given name: Luis A.
author list: Agent
  family name: Antcliffe
  given name: Jonathan B.
doi: 10.7717/peerj.13869
volume: 10
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2022-08-23
copyright: ©2022 Saleh et al.
attribution name: Saleh et al.

PeerJ
type: Periodical
uri: PeerJ
issn: 2167-8359