PeerJ
type: channel
link: https://peerj.com/articles/
description: Articles published in PeerJ
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
publication name: PeerJ
issn: 2167-8359
items: Treatment outcome of class II malocclusion therapy including extraction of maxillary first molars: a cephalometric comparison between normodivergent and hyperdivergent facial types
items: Association between type 2 diabetes and 5-year overall survival in early-stage pancreatic cancer: a retrospective cohort study
items: Using solar radiation data in soil moisture diagnostic equation for estimating root-zone soil moisture
items: Autumnal migration patterns of hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae): interannual variability in timing and sex ratio
items: Anti-Acanthamoeba activity of a semi-synthetic mangostin derivative and its ability in removal of Acanthamoeba triangularis WU19001 on contact lens
items: Analysis of influencing factors of serum total protein and serum calcium content in plasma donors
items: The influence of parenting style and coping behavior on nonsuicidal self-injury behavior in different genders based on path analysis
items: Biomechanical analyses of pterygotid sea scorpion chelicerae uncover predatory specialisation within eurypterids
items: Generation of raptor diversity in Europe: linking speciation with climate changes and the ability to migrate
items: Metagenomics analysis of the effects of Agaricus bisporus mycelia on microbial diversity and CAZymes in compost

Treatment outcome of class II malocclusion therapy including extraction of maxillary first molars: a cephalometric comparison between normodivergent and hyperdivergent facial types
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Background The dentoalveolar component of a Class II division 1 malocclusion can be orthodontically treated either with extractions or by distalization of the molars. This study aimed to compare skeletal, dentoalveolar and profile changes in normodivergent and hyperdivergent Class II Division I growing patients orthodontically treated with fixed appliances including maxillary first molar extraction. Methods Sixty-four patients treated orthodontically with full fixed appliances including maxillary first molar extractions were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into a normodivergent group (Group N; 30° ≤ SN^GoGn < 36°) consisting of 38 patients (17M, 21F; mean age 13.2 ± 1.3 years) and a hyperdivergent (Group H; SN^GoGn ≥ 36°) including 26 patients (12M, 14F; mean age 13.7 ± 1.1 years). Lateral cephalograms were available before (T0) and after treatment (T1) and cephalometric changes were calculated for 10 linear and 13 angular variables. The Shapiro–Wilk test confirmed a normal distribution of data, hence parametric tests were employed. The Student t-test was used to compare groups at baseline. The paired t-test was used to analyze intragroup changes between timepoints, and the Student t-test for intergroup comparisons. The level of significance was set at 0.05. Results The Class II division 1 malocclusion was successfully corrected, and the facial profile improved both in normodivergent and hyperdivergent patients. Divergency increased by 0.76 ± 1.99° in Group N (p = 0.02) while it decreased −0.23 ± 2.25° (p = 0.60); These changes were not significant between groups after treatment (p = 0.680). Most dentoskeletal measurements changed significantly within groups but none of them showed statistically significant differences between groups after treatment. Dental and soft tissue changes were in accordance with the biomechanics used for this Class II orthodontic therapy. Discussion The effect of orthodontic treatment of Class II division 1 malocclusion incl…
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Johan Willem Booij
creator: Marta Fontana
creator: Marco Serafin
creator: Rosamaria Fastuca
creator: Anne Marie Kuijpers-Jagtman
creator: Alberto Caprioglio
subject: Anatomy and Physiology
subject: Dentistry
subject: Drugs and Devices
subject: Biomechanics
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.14537
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2022 Booij et al.
abstract: Background The dentoalveolar component of a Class II division 1 malocclusion can be orthodontically treated either with extractions or by distalization of the molars. This study aimed to compare skeletal, dentoalveolar and profile changes in normodivergent and hyperdivergent Class II Division I growing patients orthodontically treated with fixed appliances including maxillary first molar extraction. Methods Sixty-four patients treated orthodontically with full fixed appliances including maxillary first molar extractions were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into a normodivergent group (Group N; 30° ≤ SN^GoGn < 36°) consisting of 38 patients (17M, 21F; mean age 13.2 ± 1.3 years) and a hyperdivergent (Group H; SN^GoGn ≥ 36°) including 26 patients (12M, 14F; mean age 13.7 ± 1.1 years). Lateral cephalograms were available before (T0) and after treatment (T1) and cephalometric changes were calculated for 10 linear and 13 angular variables. The Shapiro–Wilk test confirmed a normal distribution of data, hence parametric tests were employed. The Student t-test was used to compare groups at baseline. The paired t-test was used to analyze intragroup changes between timepoints, and the Student t-test for intergroup comparisons. The level of significance was set at 0.05. Results The Class II division 1 malocclusion was successfully corrected, and the facial profile improved both in normodivergent and hyperdivergent patients. Divergency increased by 0.76 ± 1.99° in Group N (p = 0.02) while it decreased −0.23 ± 2.25° (p = 0.60); These changes were not significant between groups after treatment (p = 0.680). Most dentoskeletal measurements changed significantly within groups but none of them showed statistically significant differences between groups after treatment. Dental and soft tissue changes were in accordance with the biomechanics used for this Class II orthodontic therapy. Discussion The effect of orthodontic treatment of Class II division 1 malocclusion incl…
bibliographic citation: Booij et al. (2022) Treatment outcome of class II malocclusion therapy including extraction of maxillary first molars: a cephalometric comparison between normodivergent and hyperdivergent facial types. PeerJ 10:e14537 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.14537
date submitted: 2022-08-15
date accepted: 2022-11-17
issued: 2022-12-12
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Booij
  given name: Johan Willem
author list: Agent
  family name: Fontana
  given name: Marta
author list: Agent
  family name: Serafin
  given name: Marco
author list: Agent
  family name: Fastuca
  given name: Rosamaria
author list: Agent
  family name: Kuijpers-Jagtman
  given name: Anne Marie
author list: Agent
  family name: Caprioglio
  given name: Alberto
doi: 10.7717/peerj.14537
volume: 10
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2022-12-12
copyright: © 2022 Booij et al.
attribution name: Booij et al.

Association between type 2 diabetes and 5-year overall survival in early-stage pancreatic cancer: a retrospective cohort study
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Background This study examined the association between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and 5-year overall survival (OS) in patients with pancreatic cancer (PC). Methods This retrospective cohort study included patients diagnosed with stage I/II PC at Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University from January 2012 to December 2017. All patients had pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma or its subtypes. The outcome was the 5-year OS rate based on data from the patient charts. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 22.0 Results A total of 238 patients were included: 72 with T2DM and 166 without T2DM. There were significant differences in blood glucose levels and OS between the two groups (all P < 0.05). The median OS was 11.4 (95% confidence interval CI [8.49–14.31]) months in the T2DM group and 16.3 (95% CI [12.44–20.16], P = 0.023) months in the non-T2DM group. After adjustment for confounders, T2DM was an independent factor affecting 5-year OS (P = 0.010). Compared with non-T2DM patients, T2DM patients had a higher risk of death (HR = 1.475, 95% CI [1.096–1.985]). Conclusions T2DM is associated with 5-year OS in patients with PC.
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Zhiyin Tang
creator: Wanfeng Xu
creator: Mingming Zhang
subject: Diabetes and Endocrinology
subject: Epidemiology
subject: Oncology
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.14538
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2022 Tang et al.
abstract: Background This study examined the association between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and 5-year overall survival (OS) in patients with pancreatic cancer (PC). Methods This retrospective cohort study included patients diagnosed with stage I/II PC at Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University from January 2012 to December 2017. All patients had pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma or its subtypes. The outcome was the 5-year OS rate based on data from the patient charts. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 22.0 Results A total of 238 patients were included: 72 with T2DM and 166 without T2DM. There were significant differences in blood glucose levels and OS between the two groups (all P < 0.05). The median OS was 11.4 (95% confidence interval CI [8.49–14.31]) months in the T2DM group and 16.3 (95% CI [12.44–20.16], P = 0.023) months in the non-T2DM group. After adjustment for confounders, T2DM was an independent factor affecting 5-year OS (P = 0.010). Compared with non-T2DM patients, T2DM patients had a higher risk of death (HR = 1.475, 95% CI [1.096–1.985]). Conclusions T2DM is associated with 5-year OS in patients with PC.
bibliographic citation: Tang et al. (2022) Association between type 2 diabetes and 5-year overall survival in early-stage pancreatic cancer: a retrospective cohort study. PeerJ 10:e14538 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.14538
date submitted: 2022-08-01
date accepted: 2022-11-17
issued: 2022-12-12
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Tang
  given name: Zhiyin
author list: Agent
  family name: Xu
  given name: Wanfeng
author list: Agent
  family name: Zhang
  given name: Mingming
doi: 10.7717/peerj.14538
volume: 10
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2022-12-12
copyright: © 2022 Tang et al.
attribution name: Tang et al.

Using solar radiation data in soil moisture diagnostic equation for estimating root-zone soil moisture
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: The soil moisture daily diagnostic equation (SMDE) evaluates the relationship between the loss function coefficient and the summation of the weighted average of precipitation. The loss function coefficient uses the day of the year (DOY) to approximate the seasonal changes in soil moisture loss for a given location. Solar radiation is the source of the energy that drives the complex and intricates of the earth-atmospheric processes and biogeochemical cycles in the environment. Previous research assumed DOY is the approximation of other environmental factors (e.g., temperature, wind speed, solar radiation). In this article, two solar radiation parameters were introduced, i.e., the actual solar radiation and the clear sky solar radiation and were incorporated into the loss function coefficient to improve its estimation. This was applied to 2 years of continuous rainfall, soil moisture data from USDA soil climate network (SCAN) sites AL2053, GA2027 MS2025, and TN2076. It was observed that the correlation coefficient between the observed soil moisture and B values (which is the cumulated average of rainfall to soil moisture loss) increased on average by 2.3% and the root mean square errors (RMSEs) for estimating volumetric soil moisture at columns 0–5, 0–10, 0–20, 0–50, 0–100 cm reduced on average by 8.6% for all the study sites. The study has confirmed that using actual solar radiation data in the soil moisture daily diagnostic equation can improve its accuracy.
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Olumide Omotere
creator: Feifei Pan
creator: Lei Wang
subject: Soil Science
subject: Spatial and Geographic Information Science
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.14561
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2022 Omotere et al.
abstract: The soil moisture daily diagnostic equation (SMDE) evaluates the relationship between the loss function coefficient and the summation of the weighted average of precipitation. The loss function coefficient uses the day of the year (DOY) to approximate the seasonal changes in soil moisture loss for a given location. Solar radiation is the source of the energy that drives the complex and intricates of the earth-atmospheric processes and biogeochemical cycles in the environment. Previous research assumed DOY is the approximation of other environmental factors (e.g., temperature, wind speed, solar radiation). In this article, two solar radiation parameters were introduced, i.e., the actual solar radiation and the clear sky solar radiation and were incorporated into the loss function coefficient to improve its estimation. This was applied to 2 years of continuous rainfall, soil moisture data from USDA soil climate network (SCAN) sites AL2053, GA2027 MS2025, and TN2076. It was observed that the correlation coefficient between the observed soil moisture and B values (which is the cumulated average of rainfall to soil moisture loss) increased on average by 2.3% and the root mean square errors (RMSEs) for estimating volumetric soil moisture at columns 0–5, 0–10, 0–20, 0–50, 0–100 cm reduced on average by 8.6% for all the study sites. The study has confirmed that using actual solar radiation data in the soil moisture daily diagnostic equation can improve its accuracy.
bibliographic citation: Omotere et al. (2022) Using solar radiation data in soil moisture diagnostic equation for estimating root-zone soil moisture. PeerJ 10:e14561 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.14561
date submitted: 2022-03-25
date accepted: 2022-11-22
issued: 2022-12-12
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Omotere
  given name: Olumide
author list: Agent
  family name: Pan
  given name: Feifei
author list: Agent
  family name: Wang
  given name: Lei
doi: 10.7717/peerj.14561
volume: 10
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2022-12-12
copyright: © 2022 Omotere et al.
attribution name: Omotere et al.

Autumnal migration patterns of hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae): interannual variability in timing and sex ratio
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Background The migration of hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae) is a well-known phenomenon, with growing interest due to the ecosystem services provided by migrants. However, we still lack fundamental data on species composition, timing of migration, or sex ratio of migrants. To address this gap, we focused on the southward autumnal migration of hoverflies through central Europe. Methods To recognize migrating individuals from resident ones, we used a pair of one-side-blocked Malaise traps, exposed in a mountain pass in the Jeseníky mountains, Czech Republic, where a mass migration of hoverflies takes place annually. Traps were set for 4 years, from August to October. Results In total, we recorded 31 species of migrating hoverflies. The timing of migration differed between the years, taking place from the beginning of September to the end of October. Differences in phenology were observed in the four most common migrant species, where larger species seemed to migrate earlier or at the same time compared to the smaller ones. The sex ratio was strongly asymmetrical in most common species Episyrphus balteatus, Eupeodes corollae, and Sphaerophoria scripta, and varied between years for each species. Weather conditions strongly influenced the migration intensity at ground-level: hoverflies migrate mainly during days with south wind, high temperature, high atmospheric pressure, and low precipitation.
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Antonín Hlaváček
creator: Radek K. Lučan
creator: Jiří Hadrava
subject: Animal Behavior
subject: Biodiversity
subject: Biogeography
subject: Ecology
subject: Entomology
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.14393
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2022 Hlaváček et al.
abstract: Background The migration of hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae) is a well-known phenomenon, with growing interest due to the ecosystem services provided by migrants. However, we still lack fundamental data on species composition, timing of migration, or sex ratio of migrants. To address this gap, we focused on the southward autumnal migration of hoverflies through central Europe. Methods To recognize migrating individuals from resident ones, we used a pair of one-side-blocked Malaise traps, exposed in a mountain pass in the Jeseníky mountains, Czech Republic, where a mass migration of hoverflies takes place annually. Traps were set for 4 years, from August to October. Results In total, we recorded 31 species of migrating hoverflies. The timing of migration differed between the years, taking place from the beginning of September to the end of October. Differences in phenology were observed in the four most common migrant species, where larger species seemed to migrate earlier or at the same time compared to the smaller ones. The sex ratio was strongly asymmetrical in most common species Episyrphus balteatus, Eupeodes corollae, and Sphaerophoria scripta, and varied between years for each species. Weather conditions strongly influenced the migration intensity at ground-level: hoverflies migrate mainly during days with south wind, high temperature, high atmospheric pressure, and low precipitation.
bibliographic citation: Hlaváček et al. (2022) Autumnal migration patterns of hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae): interannual variability in timing and sex ratio. PeerJ 10:e14393 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.14393
date submitted: 2022-06-20
date accepted: 2022-10-24
issued: 2022-12-09
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Hlaváček
  given name: Antonín
author list: Agent
  family name: Lučan
  given name: Radek K.
author list: Agent
  family name: Hadrava
  given name: Jiří
doi: 10.7717/peerj.14393
volume: 10
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2022-12-09
copyright: © 2022 Hlaváček et al.
attribution name: Hlaváček et al.

Anti-Acanthamoeba activity of a semi-synthetic mangostin derivative and its ability in removal of Acanthamoeba triangularis WU19001 on contact lens
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Garcinia mangostana L., also known as the mangosteen tree, is a native medicinal plant in Southeast Asia having a wide variety of pharmacologically active compounds, including xanthonoid mangostin. In this study, we examined the pharmacological activities of the selected semi-synthetic mangostin derivative, namely, amoebicidal activity, encystation inhibition, excystation activity, and removal capacity of adhesive Acanthamoeba from the surface of contact lens (CL). Among the three derivatives, C1 exhibited promising anti-Acanthamoeba activity against Acanthamoeba triangularis WU19001 trophozoites and cysts. SEM images displayed morphological changes in Acanthamoeba trophozoites, including the loss of acanthopodia, pore formation in the cell membrane, and membrane damage. In addition, the treated cyst was shrunken and adopted an irregular flat cyst shape. Under a fluorescence microscope, acridine orange and propidium iodide (AO/PI) staining revealed C1 induced condensation of cytoplasm and chromatin with the loss of cell volume in the treated trophozoites, while calcofluor white staining demonstrated the leakage of cell wall in treated cysts, leading to cell death. Interestingly, at the concentration ranges in which C1 showed the anti-Acanthamoeba effects (IC50 values ranging from 0.035–0.056 mg/mL), they were not toxic to Vero cells. C1 displayed the highest inhibitory effect on A. triangularis encystation at 1/16×MIC value (0.004 mg/mL). While C1 demonstrated the excystation activity at 1/128×MIC value with a high rate of 89.47%. Furthermore, C1 exhibited the removal capacity of adhesive Acanthamoeba from the surface of CL comparable with commercial multipurpose solutions (MPSs). Based on the results obtained, C1 may be a promising lead agent to develop a therapeutic for the treatment of Acanthamoeba infections and disinfectant solutions for CL.
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format: text/html
creator: Julalak Chuprom
creator: Suthinee Sangkanu
creator: Watcharapong Mitsuwan
creator: Rachasak Boonhok
creator: Wilawan Mahabusarakam
creator: L. Ravithej Singh
creator: Ekachai Dumkliang
creator: Kritamorn Jitrangsri
creator: Alok K. Paul
creator: Sirirat Surinkaew
creator: Polrat Wilairatana
creator: Maria de Lourdes Pereira
creator: Mohammed Rahmatullah
creator: Christophe Wiart
creator: Sonia Marlene Rodrigues Oliveira
creator: Veeranoot Nissapatorn
subject: Parasitology
subject: Drugs and Devices
subject: Ophthalmology
subject: Pathology
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.14468
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2022 Chuprom et al.
abstract: Garcinia mangostana L., also known as the mangosteen tree, is a native medicinal plant in Southeast Asia having a wide variety of pharmacologically active compounds, including xanthonoid mangostin. In this study, we examined the pharmacological activities of the selected semi-synthetic mangostin derivative, namely, amoebicidal activity, encystation inhibition, excystation activity, and removal capacity of adhesive Acanthamoeba from the surface of contact lens (CL). Among the three derivatives, C1 exhibited promising anti-Acanthamoeba activity against Acanthamoeba triangularis WU19001 trophozoites and cysts. SEM images displayed morphological changes in Acanthamoeba trophozoites, including the loss of acanthopodia, pore formation in the cell membrane, and membrane damage. In addition, the treated cyst was shrunken and adopted an irregular flat cyst shape. Under a fluorescence microscope, acridine orange and propidium iodide (AO/PI) staining revealed C1 induced condensation of cytoplasm and chromatin with the loss of cell volume in the treated trophozoites, while calcofluor white staining demonstrated the leakage of cell wall in treated cysts, leading to cell death. Interestingly, at the concentration ranges in which C1 showed the anti-Acanthamoeba effects (IC50 values ranging from 0.035–0.056 mg/mL), they were not toxic to Vero cells. C1 displayed the highest inhibitory effect on A. triangularis encystation at 1/16×MIC value (0.004 mg/mL). While C1 demonstrated the excystation activity at 1/128×MIC value with a high rate of 89.47%. Furthermore, C1 exhibited the removal capacity of adhesive Acanthamoeba from the surface of CL comparable with commercial multipurpose solutions (MPSs). Based on the results obtained, C1 may be a promising lead agent to develop a therapeutic for the treatment of Acanthamoeba infections and disinfectant solutions for CL.
bibliographic citation: Chuprom et al. (2022) Anti-Acanthamoeba activity of a semi-synthetic mangostin derivative and its ability in removal of Acanthamoeba triangularis WU19001 on contact lens. PeerJ 10:e14468 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.14468
date submitted: 2022-04-04
date accepted: 2022-11-06
issued: 2022-12-09
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Chuprom
  given name: Julalak
author list: Agent
  family name: Sangkanu
  given name: Suthinee
author list: Agent
  family name: Mitsuwan
  given name: Watcharapong
author list: Agent
  family name: Boonhok
  given name: Rachasak
author list: Agent
  family name: Mahabusarakam
  given name: Wilawan
author list: Agent
  family name: Singh
  given name: L. Ravithej
author list: Agent
  family name: Dumkliang
  given name: Ekachai
author list: Agent
  family name: Jitrangsri
  given name: Kritamorn
author list: Agent
  family name: Paul
  given name: Alok K.
author list: Agent
  family name: Surinkaew
  given name: Sirirat
author list: Agent
  family name: Wilairatana
  given name: Polrat
author list: Agent
  family name: Pereira
  given name: Maria de Lourdes
author list: Agent
  family name: Rahmatullah
  given name: Mohammed
author list: Agent
  family name: Wiart
  given name: Christophe
author list: Agent
  family name: Oliveira
  given name: Sonia Marlene Rodrigues
author list: Agent
  family name: Nissapatorn
  given name: Veeranoot
doi: 10.7717/peerj.14468
volume: 10
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2022-12-09
copyright: © 2022 Chuprom et al.
attribution name: Chuprom et al.

Analysis of influencing factors of serum total protein and serum calcium content in plasma donors
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Background and objectives The adverse effects of plasma donation on the body has lowered the odds of donation. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of abnormal serum calcium and total serum protein related to plasma donation, identify the influencing factors, and come up with suggestions to make plasma donation safer. Methods Donors from 10 plasmapheresis centers in five provinces of China participated in this study. Serum samples were collected before donation. Serum calcium was measured by arsenazo III colorimetry, and the biuret method was used for total serum protein assay. An automatic biochemical analyzer was used to conduct serum calcium and total serum protein tests. Results The mean serum calcium was 2.3 ± 0.15 mmol/L and total serum protein was 67.75 ± 6.02 g/L. The proportions of plasma donors whose serum calcium and total serum protein were lower than normal were 20.55% (815/3,966) and 27.99% (1,111/3,969), respectively. There were significant differences in mean serum calcium and total serum protein of plasma donors with different plasma donation frequencies, gender, age, regions, and body mass index (BMI), (all p < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis revealed that donation frequencies, age, BMI and regions were significantly associated with a higher risk of low serum calcium level, and donation frequencies, gender, age and regions were significant determinants factors of odds of abnormal total serum protein. Conclusions Donation frequencies, gender, age, regions, and BMI showed different effects on serum calcium and total serum protein. More attention should be paid to the age, donation frequency and region of plasma donors to reduce the probability of low serum calcium and low total serum protein.
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Bin Liu
creator: Demei Dong
creator: Zongkui Wang
creator: Yang Gao
creator: Ding Yu
creator: Shengliang Ye
creator: Xi Du
creator: Li Ma
creator: Haijun Cao
creator: Fengjuan Liu
creator: Rong Zhang
creator: Changqing Li
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Hematology
subject: Metabolic Sciences
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.14474
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2022 Liu et al.
abstract: Background and objectives The adverse effects of plasma donation on the body has lowered the odds of donation. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of abnormal serum calcium and total serum protein related to plasma donation, identify the influencing factors, and come up with suggestions to make plasma donation safer. Methods Donors from 10 plasmapheresis centers in five provinces of China participated in this study. Serum samples were collected before donation. Serum calcium was measured by arsenazo III colorimetry, and the biuret method was used for total serum protein assay. An automatic biochemical analyzer was used to conduct serum calcium and total serum protein tests. Results The mean serum calcium was 2.3 ± 0.15 mmol/L and total serum protein was 67.75 ± 6.02 g/L. The proportions of plasma donors whose serum calcium and total serum protein were lower than normal were 20.55% (815/3,966) and 27.99% (1,111/3,969), respectively. There were significant differences in mean serum calcium and total serum protein of plasma donors with different plasma donation frequencies, gender, age, regions, and body mass index (BMI), (all p < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis revealed that donation frequencies, age, BMI and regions were significantly associated with a higher risk of low serum calcium level, and donation frequencies, gender, age and regions were significant determinants factors of odds of abnormal total serum protein. Conclusions Donation frequencies, gender, age, regions, and BMI showed different effects on serum calcium and total serum protein. More attention should be paid to the age, donation frequency and region of plasma donors to reduce the probability of low serum calcium and low total serum protein.
bibliographic citation: Liu et al. (2022) Analysis of influencing factors of serum total protein and serum calcium content in plasma donors. PeerJ 10:e14474 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.14474
date submitted: 2022-07-15
date accepted: 2022-11-07
issued: 2022-12-09
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Liu
  given name: Bin
author list: Agent
  family name: Dong
  given name: Demei
author list: Agent
  family name: Wang
  given name: Zongkui
author list: Agent
  family name: Gao
  given name: Yang
author list: Agent
  family name: Yu
  given name: Ding
author list: Agent
  family name: Ye
  given name: Shengliang
author list: Agent
  family name: Du
  given name: Xi
author list: Agent
  family name: Ma
  given name: Li
author list: Agent
  family name: Cao
  given name: Haijun
author list: Agent
  family name: Liu
  given name: Fengjuan
author list: Agent
  family name: Zhang
  given name: Rong
author list: Agent
  family name: Li
  given name: Changqing
doi: 10.7717/peerj.14474
volume: 10
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2022-12-09
copyright: ©2022 Liu et al.
attribution name: Liu et al.

The influence of parenting style and coping behavior on nonsuicidal self-injury behavior in different genders based on path analysis
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Background Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) behaviors—an important factor that profoundly affects the physical and mental health of young people—are induced by complex and diverse factors, while showing significant differences at the gender level. We examined mediating behaviors among parenting styles, students’ coping styles, and endogenous and exogenous influencing variables of adolescents’ NSSI behaviors. Methods In this cross-sectional study, Secondary school students in Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China (n = 2,689; F/M:1532/1157) were surveyed for basic attributes, parenting styles, coping styles, and NSSI behaviors. After the initial screening of the sample data, several external derivatives were screened based on the single factor analysis method. On this basis, the construction of path analysis models under multivariate multiple elicitations was carried out. Results The overall prevalence of NSSI was 15.16%, and the incidence of NSSI in boys was lower than that in girls (OR = 0.334, 95% CI [0.235–0.474]). The path analysis model data fit well; the indicators of female and male part are: CFI = 0.913/0.923, GFI = 0.964/0.977, SRMR = 0.055/0.047, RMSEA = 0.097/0.069 with 90% confidence interval (CI) [0.084–0.111]/[0.054–0.084]. For female, when negative coping style and extreme education affect NSSI respectively, the standardized path coefficient values are 0.478 (z = 20.636, P = 0.000 < 0.01) and 0.151 (z = 6.524, P = 0.000 < 0.01) respectively, while for male, the corresponding values become 0.225 (z = 7.057, P < 0.001) and 0.104 (z = 3.262, P < 0.001). Conclusion In particular, we investigated the mediating effects of gender-specific NSSI influences and found that NSSI behaviors were strongly associated with environmental variables and individual factors, especially family parenting style and adolescent coping style, which influenced NSSI in a gender-specific manner. The results showed that males were the target of both positive and negative parenting styles, w…
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Fang Cheng
creator: Changzhou Hu
creator: Wenwu Zhang
creator: Huabing Xie
creator: Liangliang Shen
creator: Beini Wang
creator: Zhenyu Hu
creator: Yucheng Wang
creator: Haihang Yu
subject: Pediatrics
subject: Psychiatry and Psychology
subject: Public Health
subject: Ethical Issues
subject: Mental Health
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.14507
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2022 Cheng et al.
abstract: Background Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) behaviors—an important factor that profoundly affects the physical and mental health of young people—are induced by complex and diverse factors, while showing significant differences at the gender level. We examined mediating behaviors among parenting styles, students’ coping styles, and endogenous and exogenous influencing variables of adolescents’ NSSI behaviors. Methods In this cross-sectional study, Secondary school students in Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China (n = 2,689; F/M:1532/1157) were surveyed for basic attributes, parenting styles, coping styles, and NSSI behaviors. After the initial screening of the sample data, several external derivatives were screened based on the single factor analysis method. On this basis, the construction of path analysis models under multivariate multiple elicitations was carried out. Results The overall prevalence of NSSI was 15.16%, and the incidence of NSSI in boys was lower than that in girls (OR = 0.334, 95% CI [0.235–0.474]). The path analysis model data fit well; the indicators of female and male part are: CFI = 0.913/0.923, GFI = 0.964/0.977, SRMR = 0.055/0.047, RMSEA = 0.097/0.069 with 90% confidence interval (CI) [0.084–0.111]/[0.054–0.084]. For female, when negative coping style and extreme education affect NSSI respectively, the standardized path coefficient values are 0.478 (z = 20.636, P = 0.000 < 0.01) and 0.151 (z = 6.524, P = 0.000 < 0.01) respectively, while for male, the corresponding values become 0.225 (z = 7.057, P < 0.001) and 0.104 (z = 3.262, P < 0.001). Conclusion In particular, we investigated the mediating effects of gender-specific NSSI influences and found that NSSI behaviors were strongly associated with environmental variables and individual factors, especially family parenting style and adolescent coping style, which influenced NSSI in a gender-specific manner. The results showed that males were the target of both positive and negative parenting styles, w…
bibliographic citation: Cheng et al. (2022) The influence of parenting style and coping behavior on nonsuicidal self-injury behavior in different genders based on path analysis. PeerJ 10:e14507 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.14507
date submitted: 2022-09-11
date accepted: 2022-11-13
issued: 2022-12-09
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Cheng
  given name: Fang
author list: Agent
  family name: Hu
  given name: Changzhou
author list: Agent
  family name: Zhang
  given name: Wenwu
author list: Agent
  family name: Xie
  given name: Huabing
author list: Agent
  family name: Shen
  given name: Liangliang
author list: Agent
  family name: Wang
  given name: Beini
author list: Agent
  family name: Hu
  given name: Zhenyu
author list: Agent
  family name: Wang
  given name: Yucheng
author list: Agent
  family name: Yu
  given name: Haihang
doi: 10.7717/peerj.14507
volume: 10
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2022-12-09
copyright: © 2022 Cheng et al.
attribution name: Cheng et al.

Biomechanical analyses of pterygotid sea scorpion chelicerae uncover predatory specialisation within eurypterids
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Eurypterids (sea scorpions) are extinct aquatic chelicerates. Within this group, members of Pterygotidae represent some of the largest known marine arthropods. Representatives of this family all have hypertrophied, anteriorly-directed chelicerae and are commonly considered Silurian and Devonian apex predators. Despite a long history of research interest in these appendages, pterygotids have been subject to limited biomechanical investigation. Here, we present finite element analysis (FEA) models of four different pterygotid chelicerae—those of Acutiramus bohemicus, Erettopterus bilobus, Jaekelopterus rhenaniae, and Pterygotus anglicus—informed through muscle data and finite element models (FEMs) of chelae from 16 extant scorpion taxa. We find that Er. bilobus and Pt. anglicus have comparable stress patterns to modern scorpions, suggesting a generalised diet that probably included other eurypterids and, in the Devonian species, armoured fishes, as indicated by co-occurring fauna. Acutiramus bohemicus is markedly different, with the stress being concentrated in the proximal free ramus and the serrated denticles. This indicates a morphology better suited for targeting softer prey. Jaekelopterus rhenaniae exhibits much lower stress across the entire model. This, combined with an extremely large body size, suggests that the species likely fed on larger and harder prey, including heavily armoured fishes. The range of cheliceral morphologies and stress patterns within Pterygotidae demonstrate that members of this family had variable diets, with only the most derived species likely to feed on armoured prey, such as placoderms. Indeed, increased sizes of these forms throughout the mid-Palaeozoic may represent an ‘arms race’ between eurypterids and armoured fishes, with Devonian pterygotids adapting to the rapid diversification of placoderms.
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Russell D. C. Bicknell
creator: Yuri Simone
creator: Arie van der Meijden
creator: Stephen Wroe
creator: Gregory D. Edgecombe
creator: John R. Paterson
subject: Computational Biology
subject: Evolutionary Studies
subject: Paleontology
subject: Zoology
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.14515
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2022 Bicknell et al.
abstract: Eurypterids (sea scorpions) are extinct aquatic chelicerates. Within this group, members of Pterygotidae represent some of the largest known marine arthropods. Representatives of this family all have hypertrophied, anteriorly-directed chelicerae and are commonly considered Silurian and Devonian apex predators. Despite a long history of research interest in these appendages, pterygotids have been subject to limited biomechanical investigation. Here, we present finite element analysis (FEA) models of four different pterygotid chelicerae—those of Acutiramus bohemicus, Erettopterus bilobus, Jaekelopterus rhenaniae, and Pterygotus anglicus—informed through muscle data and finite element models (FEMs) of chelae from 16 extant scorpion taxa. We find that Er. bilobus and Pt. anglicus have comparable stress patterns to modern scorpions, suggesting a generalised diet that probably included other eurypterids and, in the Devonian species, armoured fishes, as indicated by co-occurring fauna. Acutiramus bohemicus is markedly different, with the stress being concentrated in the proximal free ramus and the serrated denticles. This indicates a morphology better suited for targeting softer prey. Jaekelopterus rhenaniae exhibits much lower stress across the entire model. This, combined with an extremely large body size, suggests that the species likely fed on larger and harder prey, including heavily armoured fishes. The range of cheliceral morphologies and stress patterns within Pterygotidae demonstrate that members of this family had variable diets, with only the most derived species likely to feed on armoured prey, such as placoderms. Indeed, increased sizes of these forms throughout the mid-Palaeozoic may represent an ‘arms race’ between eurypterids and armoured fishes, with Devonian pterygotids adapting to the rapid diversification of placoderms.
bibliographic citation: Bicknell et al. (2022) Biomechanical analyses of pterygotid sea scorpion chelicerae uncover predatory specialisation within eurypterids. PeerJ 10:e14515 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.14515
date submitted: 2022-09-30
date accepted: 2022-11-14
issued: 2022-12-09
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Bicknell
  given name: Russell D. C.
author list: Agent
  family name: Simone
  given name: Yuri
author list: Agent
  family name: van der Meijden
  given name: Arie
author list: Agent
  family name: Wroe
  given name: Stephen
author list: Agent
  family name: Edgecombe
  given name: Gregory D.
author list: Agent
  family name: Paterson
  given name: John R.
doi: 10.7717/peerj.14515
volume: 10
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2022-12-09
copyright: © 2022 Bicknell et al.
attribution name: Bicknell et al.

Generation of raptor diversity in Europe: linking speciation with climate changes and the ability to migrate
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Europe holds a rich community of diurnal birds of prey, and the highest proportion of transcontinental migratory raptorial species of any landmass. This study will test the hypotheses that the high diversification of the raptor assemblage in Europe is a recent event, that closely related species sharing the same trophic niches can only coexist in sympatry during the breeding period, when food availability is higher, and finally that migration is a function of size, with the smaller species in every trophic group moving further. A consensus molecular phylogeny for the 38 regular breeding species of raptors in Europe was obtained from BirdTree (www.birdtree.org). For the same species, a trophic niche cluster dendrogram was constructed. Size and migratory strategy were introduced in the resulting phylogeny, where trophic groups were also identified. Multispecific trophic groups tended to be composed of reciprocal sister species of different sizes, while monospecific groups (n = 3) were composed of highly specialized species. Many speciation events took place recently, during the glacial cycles of the Quaternary, and size divergence among competing species may be due to character displacement. Nowadays, the smaller species in every trophic group migrate to sub-Saharan Africa. This investigation illustrates how the rich assemblage of diurnal birds of prey in Europe, more diverse and more migratory than, for instance, the North American assemblage at equivalent latitudes, has emerged recently due to the multiplication of look-alike species with similar trophic ecologies, possibly in climate refugia during cold periods.
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Juan J. Negro
creator: Eduardo J. Rodríguez-Rodríguez
creator: Airam Rodríguez
creator: Keith Bildstein
subject: Conservation Biology
subject: Ecology
subject: Evolutionary Studies
subject: Genetics
subject: Zoology
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.14505
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2022 Negro et al.
abstract: Europe holds a rich community of diurnal birds of prey, and the highest proportion of transcontinental migratory raptorial species of any landmass. This study will test the hypotheses that the high diversification of the raptor assemblage in Europe is a recent event, that closely related species sharing the same trophic niches can only coexist in sympatry during the breeding period, when food availability is higher, and finally that migration is a function of size, with the smaller species in every trophic group moving further. A consensus molecular phylogeny for the 38 regular breeding species of raptors in Europe was obtained from BirdTree (www.birdtree.org). For the same species, a trophic niche cluster dendrogram was constructed. Size and migratory strategy were introduced in the resulting phylogeny, where trophic groups were also identified. Multispecific trophic groups tended to be composed of reciprocal sister species of different sizes, while monospecific groups (n = 3) were composed of highly specialized species. Many speciation events took place recently, during the glacial cycles of the Quaternary, and size divergence among competing species may be due to character displacement. Nowadays, the smaller species in every trophic group migrate to sub-Saharan Africa. This investigation illustrates how the rich assemblage of diurnal birds of prey in Europe, more diverse and more migratory than, for instance, the North American assemblage at equivalent latitudes, has emerged recently due to the multiplication of look-alike species with similar trophic ecologies, possibly in climate refugia during cold periods.
bibliographic citation: Negro et al. (2022) Generation of raptor diversity in Europe: linking speciation with climate changes and the ability to migrate. PeerJ 10:e14505 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.14505
date submitted: 2022-06-22
date accepted: 2022-11-13
issued: 2022-12-08
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Negro
  given name: Juan J.
author list: Agent
  family name: Rodríguez-Rodríguez
  given name: Eduardo J.
author list: Agent
  family name: Rodríguez
  given name: Airam
author list: Agent
  family name: Bildstein
  given name: Keith
doi: 10.7717/peerj.14505
volume: 10
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2022-12-08
copyright: © 2022 Negro et al.
attribution name: Negro et al.

Metagenomics analysis of the effects of Agaricus bisporus mycelia on microbial diversity and CAZymes in compost
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Agaricus bisporus growth alters the lignocellulosic composition and structure of compost. However, it is difficult to differentiate the enzyme activities of A. bisporus mycelia from the wider microbial community owing to the complication of completely speareting the mycelia from compost cultures. Macrogenomics analysis was employed in this study to examine the fermentation substrate of A. bisporus before and after mycelial growth, and the molecular mechanism of substrate utilization by A. bisporus mycelia was elucidated from the perspective of microbial communities and CAZymes in the substrate. The results showed that the relative abundance of A. bisporus mycelia increased by 77.57-fold after mycelial colonization, the laccase content was significantly increased and the lignin content was significantly decreased. Analysis of the CAZymes showed that AA10 family was extremely differentiated. Laccase-producing strains associated with AA10 family were mostly bacteria belonging to Thermobifida and Thermostaphylospora, suggesting that these bacteria may play a synergistic role in lignin decomposition along with A. bisporus mycelia. These findings provide preliminary evidence for the molecular mechanism of compost utilization by A. bisporus mycelia and offer a reference for the development and utilization of strains related to lignocellulose degradation.
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Wanqiu Chang
creator: Weilin Feng
creator: Yang Yang
creator: Yingyue Shen
creator: Tingting Song
creator: Yu Li
creator: Weiming Cai
subject: Agricultural Science
subject: Microbiology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Mycology
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.14426
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2022 Chang et al.
abstract: Agaricus bisporus growth alters the lignocellulosic composition and structure of compost. However, it is difficult to differentiate the enzyme activities of A. bisporus mycelia from the wider microbial community owing to the complication of completely speareting the mycelia from compost cultures. Macrogenomics analysis was employed in this study to examine the fermentation substrate of A. bisporus before and after mycelial growth, and the molecular mechanism of substrate utilization by A. bisporus mycelia was elucidated from the perspective of microbial communities and CAZymes in the substrate. The results showed that the relative abundance of A. bisporus mycelia increased by 77.57-fold after mycelial colonization, the laccase content was significantly increased and the lignin content was significantly decreased. Analysis of the CAZymes showed that AA10 family was extremely differentiated. Laccase-producing strains associated with AA10 family were mostly bacteria belonging to Thermobifida and Thermostaphylospora, suggesting that these bacteria may play a synergistic role in lignin decomposition along with A. bisporus mycelia. These findings provide preliminary evidence for the molecular mechanism of compost utilization by A. bisporus mycelia and offer a reference for the development and utilization of strains related to lignocellulose degradation.
bibliographic citation: Chang et al. (2022) Metagenomics analysis of the effects of Agaricus bisporus mycelia on microbial diversity and CAZymes in compost. PeerJ 10:e14426 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.14426
date submitted: 2022-08-10
date accepted: 2022-10-30
issued: 2022-12-07
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Chang
  given name: Wanqiu
author list: Agent
  family name: Feng
  given name: Weilin
author list: Agent
  family name: Yang
  given name: Yang
author list: Agent
  family name: Shen
  given name: Yingyue
author list: Agent
  family name: Song
  given name: Tingting
author list: Agent
  family name: Li
  given name: Yu
author list: Agent
  family name: Cai
  given name: Weiming
doi: 10.7717/peerj.14426
volume: 10
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2022-12-07
copyright: ©2022 Chang et al.
attribution name: Chang et al.

PeerJ
type: Periodical
uri: PeerJ
issn: 2167-8359