PeerJ
type: channel
link: https://peerj.com/articles/
description: Articles published in PeerJ
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
publication name: PeerJ
issn: 2167-8359
items: A new species of Nanhsiungchelys (Testudines: Cryptodira: Nanhsiungchelyidae) from the Upper Cretaceous of Nanxiong Basin, China
items: Time series analysis of survival and oviposition cycle duration of Anopheles funestus (Giles) in Mozambique
items: Does ankle push-off correct for errors in anterior–posterior foot placement relative to center-of-mass states?
items: The behaviour and activity budgets of two sympatric sloths; Bradypus variegatus and Choloepus hoffmanni
items: CTHRC1 promotes anaplastic thyroid cancer progression by upregulating the proliferation, migration, and invasion of tumor cells
items: Assessment of eight insulin resistance surrogate indexes for predicting metabolic syndrome and hypertension in Thai law enforcement officers
items: Determining the capacity for effort and recovery of the elite soccer players specialized in different playing positions
items: Cytogenetic screening of chromosomal abnormalities and genetic analysis of FSH receptor Ala307Thr and Ser680Asn genes in amenorrheic patients
items: Liver proteomic analysis reveals the key proteins involved in host immune response to sepsis
items: The relationship between ethylene-induced autophagy and reactive oxygen species in Arabidopsis root cells during the early stages of waterlogging stress

A new species of Nanhsiungchelys (Testudines: Cryptodira: Nanhsiungchelyidae) from the Upper Cretaceous of Nanxiong Basin, China
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Nanhsiungchelyidae are a group of large turtles that lived in Asia and North America during the Cretaceous. Here we report a new species of nanhsiungchelyid, Nanhsiungchelys yangi sp. nov., from the Upper Cretaceous of Nanxiong Basin, China. The specimen consists of a well-preserved skull and lower jaw, as well as the anterior parts of the carapace and plastron. The diagnostic features of Nanhsiungchelys include a large entire carapace length (∼55.5 cm), a network of sculptures consisting of pits and ridges on the surface of the skull and shell, shallow cheek emargination and temporal emargination, deep nuchal emargination, and a pair of anterolateral processes on the carapace. However, Nanhsiungchelys yangi differs from the other species of Nanhsiungchelys mainly in having a triangular-shaped snout (in dorsal view) and wide anterolateral processes on the carapace. Additionally, some other characteristics (e.g., the premaxilla is higher than wide, the maxilla is unseen in dorsal views, a small portion of the maxilla extends posterior and ventral of the orbit, and the parietal is bigger than the frontal) are strong evidence to distinguish Nanhsiungchelys yangi from Nanhsiungchelys wuchingensis. A phylogenetic analysis of nanhsiungchelyids places Nanhsiungchelys yangi and Nanhsiungchelys wuchingensis as sister taxa. Nanhsiungchelys yangi and some other nanhsiungchelyids bear distinct anterolateral processes on the carapace, which have not been reported in any extant turtles and may have played a role in protecting the head. The Nanxiong Basin was extremely hot during the Late Cretaceous, and so we suggest that nanhsiungchelyids might have immersed themselves in mud or water to avoid the heat, similar to some extant tortoises. If they were capable of swimming, our computer simulations of fluid flow suggest the anterolateral processes could have reduced drag during locomotion.
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Yuzheng Ke
creator: Imran A. Rahman
creator: Hanchen Song
creator: Jinfeng Hu
creator: Kecheng Niu
creator: Fasheng Lou
creator: Hongwei Li
creator: Fenglu Han
subject: Biodiversity
subject: Evolutionary Studies
subject: Paleontology
subject: Taxonomy
subject: Zoology
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.15439
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2023 Ke et al.
abstract: Nanhsiungchelyidae are a group of large turtles that lived in Asia and North America during the Cretaceous. Here we report a new species of nanhsiungchelyid, Nanhsiungchelys yangi sp. nov., from the Upper Cretaceous of Nanxiong Basin, China. The specimen consists of a well-preserved skull and lower jaw, as well as the anterior parts of the carapace and plastron. The diagnostic features of Nanhsiungchelys include a large entire carapace length (∼55.5 cm), a network of sculptures consisting of pits and ridges on the surface of the skull and shell, shallow cheek emargination and temporal emargination, deep nuchal emargination, and a pair of anterolateral processes on the carapace. However, Nanhsiungchelys yangi differs from the other species of Nanhsiungchelys mainly in having a triangular-shaped snout (in dorsal view) and wide anterolateral processes on the carapace. Additionally, some other characteristics (e.g., the premaxilla is higher than wide, the maxilla is unseen in dorsal views, a small portion of the maxilla extends posterior and ventral of the orbit, and the parietal is bigger than the frontal) are strong evidence to distinguish Nanhsiungchelys yangi from Nanhsiungchelys wuchingensis. A phylogenetic analysis of nanhsiungchelyids places Nanhsiungchelys yangi and Nanhsiungchelys wuchingensis as sister taxa. Nanhsiungchelys yangi and some other nanhsiungchelyids bear distinct anterolateral processes on the carapace, which have not been reported in any extant turtles and may have played a role in protecting the head. The Nanxiong Basin was extremely hot during the Late Cretaceous, and so we suggest that nanhsiungchelyids might have immersed themselves in mud or water to avoid the heat, similar to some extant tortoises. If they were capable of swimming, our computer simulations of fluid flow suggest the anterolateral processes could have reduced drag during locomotion.
bibliographic citation: Ke et al. (2023) A new species of Nanhsiungchelys (Testudines: Cryptodira: Nanhsiungchelyidae) from the Upper Cretaceous of Nanxiong Basin, China. PeerJ 11:e15439 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.15439
date submitted: 2023-02-10
date accepted: 2023-04-28
issued: 2023-05-30
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Ke
  given name: Yuzheng
author list: Agent
  family name: Rahman
  given name: Imran A.
author list: Agent
  family name: Song
  given name: Hanchen
author list: Agent
  family name: Hu
  given name: Jinfeng
author list: Agent
  family name: Niu
  given name: Kecheng
author list: Agent
  family name: Lou
  given name: Fasheng
author list: Agent
  family name: Li
  given name: Hongwei
author list: Agent
  family name: Han
  given name: Fenglu
doi: 10.7717/peerj.15439
volume: 11
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2023-05-30
copyright: ©2023 Ke et al.
attribution name: Ke et al.

Time series analysis of survival and oviposition cycle duration of Anopheles funestus (Giles) in Mozambique
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Background Survival and gonotrophic cycle duration are important determinants of the vectorial capacity of malaria vectors but there are a limited number of approaches to estimate these quantities from field data. Time-series of observations of mosquitoes at different stages in the life-cycle are under-used. Methods Anopheles funestus mosquitoes were caught using various methods over a 7.6-year period in Furvela, Mozambique. Survival and oviposition cycle duration were estimated using (i) an existing time-series approach for analysing dissections of mosquitoes caught in light-traps, extended to allow for variability in the duration of the cycle; (ii) an established approach for estimating cycle duration from resting collection data; (iii) a novel time-series approach fitted to numbers and categories of mosquitoes caught in exit-traps. Results Data were available from 7,396, 6,041 and 1,527 trap-nights for exit-traps, light-traps and resting collections respectively. Estimates of cycle duration varied considerably between the different methods. The estimated proportion of female mosquitoes surviving each day of 0.740 (95% credible interval [0.650–0.815]) derived from light-trap data was much lower than the estimated daily survival of male mosquitoes from the model fitted to exit-trap data (0.881, 95% credible interval [0.747–0.987]). There was no tendency for the oviposition cycle to become shorter at higher temperature while the odds of survival of females through the cycle was estimated to be multiplied by 1.021 for every degree of mean weekly temperature increase (95% credible interval [0.991–1.051]). There was negligible temperature dependence and little inter-annual variation in male survival. Discussion The time-series approach fitted to the exit-traps suggests that male An. funestus have higher survival than do females, and that male survival was temperature independent and unaffected by the introduction of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs). The patterns …
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Jacques D. Charlwood
creator: Thomas A. Smith
creator: Ayubo Kampango
creator: Erzelia V. E. Tomas
creator: Nakul Chitnis
subject: Ecology
subject: Entomology
subject: Zoology
subject: Population Biology
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.15230
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2023 Charlwood et al.
abstract: Background Survival and gonotrophic cycle duration are important determinants of the vectorial capacity of malaria vectors but there are a limited number of approaches to estimate these quantities from field data. Time-series of observations of mosquitoes at different stages in the life-cycle are under-used. Methods Anopheles funestus mosquitoes were caught using various methods over a 7.6-year period in Furvela, Mozambique. Survival and oviposition cycle duration were estimated using (i) an existing time-series approach for analysing dissections of mosquitoes caught in light-traps, extended to allow for variability in the duration of the cycle; (ii) an established approach for estimating cycle duration from resting collection data; (iii) a novel time-series approach fitted to numbers and categories of mosquitoes caught in exit-traps. Results Data were available from 7,396, 6,041 and 1,527 trap-nights for exit-traps, light-traps and resting collections respectively. Estimates of cycle duration varied considerably between the different methods. The estimated proportion of female mosquitoes surviving each day of 0.740 (95% credible interval [0.650–0.815]) derived from light-trap data was much lower than the estimated daily survival of male mosquitoes from the model fitted to exit-trap data (0.881, 95% credible interval [0.747–0.987]). There was no tendency for the oviposition cycle to become shorter at higher temperature while the odds of survival of females through the cycle was estimated to be multiplied by 1.021 for every degree of mean weekly temperature increase (95% credible interval [0.991–1.051]). There was negligible temperature dependence and little inter-annual variation in male survival. Discussion The time-series approach fitted to the exit-traps suggests that male An. funestus have higher survival than do females, and that male survival was temperature independent and unaffected by the introduction of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs). The patterns …
bibliographic citation: Charlwood et al. (2023) Time series analysis of survival and oviposition cycle duration of Anopheles funestus (Giles) in Mozambique. PeerJ 11:e15230 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.15230
date submitted: 2022-11-30
date accepted: 2023-03-24
issued: 2023-05-29
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Charlwood
  given name: Jacques D.
author list: Agent
  family name: Smith
  given name: Thomas A.
author list: Agent
  family name: Kampango
  given name: Ayubo
author list: Agent
  family name: Tomas
  given name: Erzelia V. E.
author list: Agent
  family name: Chitnis
  given name: Nakul
doi: 10.7717/peerj.15230
volume: 11
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2023-05-29
copyright: © 2023 Charlwood et al.
attribution name: Charlwood et al.

Does ankle push-off correct for errors in anterior–posterior foot placement relative to center-of-mass states?
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Understanding the mechanisms humans use to stabilize walking is vital for predicting falls in elderly. Modeling studies identified two potential mechanisms to stabilize gait in the anterior-posterior direction: foot placement control and ankle push-off control: foot placement depends on position and velocity of the center-of-mass (CoM) and push-off covaries with deviations between actual and predicted CoM trajectories. While both control mechanisms have been reported in humans, it is unknown whether especially the latter one is employed in unperturbed steady-state walking. Based on the finding of Wang and Srinivasan that foot placement deviates in the same direction as the CoM states in the preceding swing phase, and assuming that this covariance serves the role of stabilizing gait, the covariance between the CoM states and foot placement can be seen as a measure of foot placement accuracy. We subsequently interpreted the residual variance in foot placement from a linear regression model as “errors” that must be compensated, and investigated whether these foot placement errors were correlated to push-off kinetic time series of the subsequent double stance phase. We found ankle push-off torque to be correlated to the foot placement errors in 30 participants when walking at normal and slow speeds, with peak correlations over the double stance phase up to 0.39. Our study suggests that humans use a push-off strategy for correcting foot placement errors in steady-state walking.
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Jian Jin
creator: Jaap H. van Dieën
creator: Dinant Kistemaker
creator: Andreas Daffertshofer
creator: Sjoerd M. Bruijn
subject: Kinesiology
subject: Biomechanics
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.15375
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2023 Jin et al.
abstract: Understanding the mechanisms humans use to stabilize walking is vital for predicting falls in elderly. Modeling studies identified two potential mechanisms to stabilize gait in the anterior-posterior direction: foot placement control and ankle push-off control: foot placement depends on position and velocity of the center-of-mass (CoM) and push-off covaries with deviations between actual and predicted CoM trajectories. While both control mechanisms have been reported in humans, it is unknown whether especially the latter one is employed in unperturbed steady-state walking. Based on the finding of Wang and Srinivasan that foot placement deviates in the same direction as the CoM states in the preceding swing phase, and assuming that this covariance serves the role of stabilizing gait, the covariance between the CoM states and foot placement can be seen as a measure of foot placement accuracy. We subsequently interpreted the residual variance in foot placement from a linear regression model as “errors” that must be compensated, and investigated whether these foot placement errors were correlated to push-off kinetic time series of the subsequent double stance phase. We found ankle push-off torque to be correlated to the foot placement errors in 30 participants when walking at normal and slow speeds, with peak correlations over the double stance phase up to 0.39. Our study suggests that humans use a push-off strategy for correcting foot placement errors in steady-state walking.
bibliographic citation: Jin et al. (2023) Does ankle push-off correct for errors in anterior–posterior foot placement relative to center-of-mass states?. PeerJ 11:e15375 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.15375
date submitted: 2022-12-09
date accepted: 2023-04-18
issued: 2023-05-29
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Jin
  given name: Jian
author list: Agent
  family name: van Dieën
  given name: Jaap H.
author list: Agent
  family name: Kistemaker
  given name: Dinant
author list: Agent
  family name: Daffertshofer
  given name: Andreas
author list: Agent
  family name: Bruijn
  given name: Sjoerd M.
doi: 10.7717/peerj.15375
volume: 11
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2023-05-29
copyright: ©2023 Jin et al.
attribution name: Jin et al.

The behaviour and activity budgets of two sympatric sloths; Bradypus variegatus and Choloepus hoffmanni
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: It is usually beneficial for species to restrict activity to a particular phase of the 24-hour cycle as this enables the development of morphological and behavioural adaptations to enhance survival under specific biotic and abiotic conditions. Sloth activity patterns are thought to be strongly related to the environmental conditions due to the metabolic consequences of having a low and highly variable core body temperature. Understanding the drivers of sloth activity and their ability to withstand environmental fluctuations is of growing importance for the development of effective conservation measures, particularly when we consider the vulnerability of tropical ecosystems to climate change and the escalating impacts of anthropogenic activities in South and Central America. Unfortunately, the cryptic nature of sloths makes long term observational research difficult and so there is very little existing literature examining the behavioural ecology of wild sloths. Here, we used micro data loggers to continuously record, for the first time, the behaviour of both Bradypus and Choloepus sloths over periods of days to weeks. We investigate how fluctuations in the environmental conditions affect the activity of sloths inhabiting a lowland rainforest on the Caribbean coast of Costa Rica and examined how this might relate to their low power lifestyle. Both Bradypus and Choloepus sloths were found to be cathemeral in their activity, with high levels of between-individual and within-individual variation in the amounts of time spent active, and in the temporal distribution of activity over the 24-hour cycle. Daily temperature did not affect activity, although Bradypus sloths were found to show increased nocturnal activity on colder nights, and on nights following colder days. Our results demonstrate a distinct lack of synchronicity within the same population, and we suggest that this pattern provides sloths with the flexibility to exploit favourable environmental conditions whil…
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Rebecca N. Cliffe
creator: Ryan J. Haupt
creator: Sarah Kennedy
creator: Cerys Felton
creator: Hannah J. Williams
creator: Judy Avey-Arroyo
creator: Rory Wilson
subject: Animal Behavior
subject: Ecology
subject: Zoology
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.15430
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2023 Cliffe et al.
abstract: It is usually beneficial for species to restrict activity to a particular phase of the 24-hour cycle as this enables the development of morphological and behavioural adaptations to enhance survival under specific biotic and abiotic conditions. Sloth activity patterns are thought to be strongly related to the environmental conditions due to the metabolic consequences of having a low and highly variable core body temperature. Understanding the drivers of sloth activity and their ability to withstand environmental fluctuations is of growing importance for the development of effective conservation measures, particularly when we consider the vulnerability of tropical ecosystems to climate change and the escalating impacts of anthropogenic activities in South and Central America. Unfortunately, the cryptic nature of sloths makes long term observational research difficult and so there is very little existing literature examining the behavioural ecology of wild sloths. Here, we used micro data loggers to continuously record, for the first time, the behaviour of both Bradypus and Choloepus sloths over periods of days to weeks. We investigate how fluctuations in the environmental conditions affect the activity of sloths inhabiting a lowland rainforest on the Caribbean coast of Costa Rica and examined how this might relate to their low power lifestyle. Both Bradypus and Choloepus sloths were found to be cathemeral in their activity, with high levels of between-individual and within-individual variation in the amounts of time spent active, and in the temporal distribution of activity over the 24-hour cycle. Daily temperature did not affect activity, although Bradypus sloths were found to show increased nocturnal activity on colder nights, and on nights following colder days. Our results demonstrate a distinct lack of synchronicity within the same population, and we suggest that this pattern provides sloths with the flexibility to exploit favourable environmental conditions whil…
bibliographic citation: Cliffe et al. (2023) The behaviour and activity budgets of two sympatric sloths; Bradypus variegatus and Choloepus hoffmanni. PeerJ 11:e15430 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.15430
date submitted: 2022-09-15
date accepted: 2023-04-26
issued: 2023-05-29
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Cliffe
  given name: Rebecca N.
author list: Agent
  family name: Haupt
  given name: Ryan J.
author list: Agent
  family name: Kennedy
  given name: Sarah
author list: Agent
  family name: Felton
  given name: Cerys
author list: Agent
  family name: Williams
  given name: Hannah J.
author list: Agent
  family name: Avey-Arroyo
  given name: Judy
author list: Agent
  family name: Wilson
  given name: Rory
doi: 10.7717/peerj.15430
volume: 11
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2023-05-29
copyright: ©2023 Cliffe et al.
attribution name: Cliffe et al.

CTHRC1 promotes anaplastic thyroid cancer progression by upregulating the proliferation, migration, and invasion of tumor cells
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is an extremely aggressive tumor with a high mortality rate and poor prognosis. However, the pathogenesis of ATC is complex and poorly understood, and the effective treatment options are limited. Analysis of data from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) databases showed that collagen triple helix repeat containing-1 (CTHRC1) was specifically upregulated in ATC tissues and was negatively correlated with overall survival (OS) in thyroid carcinoma patients. In vitro knockdown of CTHRC1 dramatically decreased the proliferation, migration, and invasion abilities of ATC cells, and in vivo studies in BALB/c nude mice confirmed that CTHRC1 knockdown significantly inhibited tumor growth. Mechanistically, CTHRC1 knockdown was found to suppress the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) at the protein level. These findings suggest that CTHRC1 promotes the progression of ATC via upregulating tumor cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, which may be achieved by activating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and EMT.
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Yong Chen
creator: Lanning Jia
creator: Ke Zhao
creator: Zuoyu Chen
creator: Yue Han
creator: Xianghui He
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Oncology
subject: Histology
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.15458
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2023 Chen et al.
abstract: Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is an extremely aggressive tumor with a high mortality rate and poor prognosis. However, the pathogenesis of ATC is complex and poorly understood, and the effective treatment options are limited. Analysis of data from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) databases showed that collagen triple helix repeat containing-1 (CTHRC1) was specifically upregulated in ATC tissues and was negatively correlated with overall survival (OS) in thyroid carcinoma patients. In vitro knockdown of CTHRC1 dramatically decreased the proliferation, migration, and invasion abilities of ATC cells, and in vivo studies in BALB/c nude mice confirmed that CTHRC1 knockdown significantly inhibited tumor growth. Mechanistically, CTHRC1 knockdown was found to suppress the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) at the protein level. These findings suggest that CTHRC1 promotes the progression of ATC via upregulating tumor cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, which may be achieved by activating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and EMT.
bibliographic citation: Chen et al. (2023) CTHRC1 promotes anaplastic thyroid cancer progression by upregulating the proliferation, migration, and invasion of tumor cells. PeerJ 11:e15458 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.15458
date submitted: 2022-12-30
date accepted: 2023-05-03
issued: 2023-05-29
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Chen
  given name: Yong
author list: Agent
  family name: Jia
  given name: Lanning
author list: Agent
  family name: Zhao
  given name: Ke
author list: Agent
  family name: Chen
  given name: Zuoyu
author list: Agent
  family name: Han
  given name: Yue
author list: Agent
  family name: He
  given name: Xianghui
doi: 10.7717/peerj.15458
volume: 11
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2023-05-29
copyright: © 2023 Chen et al.
attribution name: Chen et al.

Assessment of eight insulin resistance surrogate indexes for predicting metabolic syndrome and hypertension in Thai law enforcement officers
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Police officers in Thailand have an increased risk of heart disease, stroke, and type 2 diabetes, possibly due to a high prevalence of hypertension and metabolic syndrome (MetS). In this study, the researchers aimed to understand the relationship between surrogate markers of insulin resistance (IR) and the prevalence of MetS and hypertension in Thai police officers. The study included 7,852 police officer participants, of which 91.8% were men with an average age of 48.56 years. The prevalence of hypertension and MetS were found to be 51.1% and 30.8%, respectively, and the participants with MetS and hypertension were older compared to the regular group. The study looked at eight IR indices, including markers such as atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), lipid accumulation product (LAP), metabolic score for insulin resistance (METS-IR), triglyceride glucose (TyG) index, TyG index with body mass index (TyG-BMI), TyG index with waist circumference (TyG-WC), the ratio of triglycerides to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (TG/HDL-c), and visceral obesity index (VAI). These indices were found to be positively correlated with waist circumference, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and triglycerides (TG), while being negatively correlated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c). In addition, the multiple regression analysis showed that higher quartiles of all IR indices were significantly associated with increased risks of MetS and hypertension. Interestingly, the IR indices were more accurate in predicting MetS (ranges 0.848 to 0.892) than traditional obesity indices, with the AUC difference at p < 0.001. Among the IR indices, TyG-WC performed the best in predicting MetS (AUC value 0.892 and Youden index 0.620). At the same time, TyG-BMI had the highest accuracy in predicting hypertension (AUC value of 0.659 and Youden index of 0.236). In addition, this study found that when two markers were combined …
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Rujikorn Rattanatham
creator: Jitbanjong Tangpong
creator: Moragot Chatatikun
creator: Dali Sun
creator: Fumitaka Kawakami
creator: Motoki Imai
creator: Wiyada Kwanhian Klangbud
subject: Diabetes and Endocrinology
subject: Epidemiology
subject: Global Health
subject: Metabolic Sciences
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.15463
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2023 Rattanatham et al.
abstract: Police officers in Thailand have an increased risk of heart disease, stroke, and type 2 diabetes, possibly due to a high prevalence of hypertension and metabolic syndrome (MetS). In this study, the researchers aimed to understand the relationship between surrogate markers of insulin resistance (IR) and the prevalence of MetS and hypertension in Thai police officers. The study included 7,852 police officer participants, of which 91.8% were men with an average age of 48.56 years. The prevalence of hypertension and MetS were found to be 51.1% and 30.8%, respectively, and the participants with MetS and hypertension were older compared to the regular group. The study looked at eight IR indices, including markers such as atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), lipid accumulation product (LAP), metabolic score for insulin resistance (METS-IR), triglyceride glucose (TyG) index, TyG index with body mass index (TyG-BMI), TyG index with waist circumference (TyG-WC), the ratio of triglycerides to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (TG/HDL-c), and visceral obesity index (VAI). These indices were found to be positively correlated with waist circumference, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and triglycerides (TG), while being negatively correlated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c). In addition, the multiple regression analysis showed that higher quartiles of all IR indices were significantly associated with increased risks of MetS and hypertension. Interestingly, the IR indices were more accurate in predicting MetS (ranges 0.848 to 0.892) than traditional obesity indices, with the AUC difference at p < 0.001. Among the IR indices, TyG-WC performed the best in predicting MetS (AUC value 0.892 and Youden index 0.620). At the same time, TyG-BMI had the highest accuracy in predicting hypertension (AUC value of 0.659 and Youden index of 0.236). In addition, this study found that when two markers were combined …
bibliographic citation: Rattanatham et al. (2023) Assessment of eight insulin resistance surrogate indexes for predicting metabolic syndrome and hypertension in Thai law enforcement officers. PeerJ 11:e15463 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.15463
date submitted: 2023-02-27
date accepted: 2023-05-04
issued: 2023-05-29
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Rattanatham
  given name: Rujikorn
author list: Agent
  family name: Tangpong
  given name: Jitbanjong
author list: Agent
  family name: Chatatikun
  given name: Moragot
author list: Agent
  family name: Sun
  given name: Dali
author list: Agent
  family name: Kawakami
  given name: Fumitaka
author list: Agent
  family name: Imai
  given name: Motoki
author list: Agent
  family name: Klangbud
  given name: Wiyada Kwanhian
doi: 10.7717/peerj.15463
volume: 11
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2023-05-29
copyright: © 2023 Rattanatham et al.
attribution name: Rattanatham et al.

Determining the capacity for effort and recovery of the elite soccer players specialized in different playing positions
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Background The capacity for effort and recovery in performance sports can be increased by means of modern methodological strategies. This capacity to recover after intense matches and training helps to determine the performance in soccer. Using the Yumeiho technique will accelerate the exercise capacity recovery of the soccer players specialized in central zone positions. Methods The research was conducted with the C.S. Internațional Bălești team, formed of 16 players, aged 19–37 years, divided into two groups: experimental group A, n = 8 with central area players and control group B, n = 8 with players from side zones. Measurement and assessment tests: determining lactic acid level (LAC) in blood; 60 m sprinting speed motor test (ST); anaerobic lactic exercise; Gacon Test for evaluating the aerobic power; VO2max test; Dorgo Test for determining the individual recovery capacity; Sleep Quality and Efficiency Index (PSQI) and sleep duration. Means used in the recovery strategy: easy running, static stretching, cryotherapy; Yumeiho therapy was applied only to group A to accelerate the recovery. Results The anaerobic lactic capacity was evaluated by 60 m sprint test at the beginning and the end of the research. The results highlight the increase of the sprinting speed by 0.08 s in group A (p < 0.001). The aerobic capacity evaluated by means of Gacon Test in both groups shows the value 23.7%, namely a well-prepared level (p < 0.001). VO2max value in the soccer players of group A shows 87.5% good aerobic power, while the players of group B have 50% good aerobic power (p < 0.001). The concentration of LAC after exercise has a higher value in group A (p > 0.05). The level of recovery after exercise is improved in both groups, with larger differences in group A (very good level, p < 0.001). The PSQI grew by 20.37% in group A and by 11% in group B. The sleep duration increased in both groups (p < 0.001). The results of the correlation analysis in the soccer players of group A…
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Liliana Mihailescu
creator: Paul Bogdan Chiriac
creator: Liviu Emanuel Mihailescu
creator: Veaceslav Manolachi
creator: Vladimir Potop
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Anatomy and Physiology
subject: Kinesiology
subject: Statistics
subject: Rehabilitation
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.15477
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2023 Mihailescu et al.
abstract: Background The capacity for effort and recovery in performance sports can be increased by means of modern methodological strategies. This capacity to recover after intense matches and training helps to determine the performance in soccer. Using the Yumeiho technique will accelerate the exercise capacity recovery of the soccer players specialized in central zone positions. Methods The research was conducted with the C.S. Internațional Bălești team, formed of 16 players, aged 19–37 years, divided into two groups: experimental group A, n = 8 with central area players and control group B, n = 8 with players from side zones. Measurement and assessment tests: determining lactic acid level (LAC) in blood; 60 m sprinting speed motor test (ST); anaerobic lactic exercise; Gacon Test for evaluating the aerobic power; VO2max test; Dorgo Test for determining the individual recovery capacity; Sleep Quality and Efficiency Index (PSQI) and sleep duration. Means used in the recovery strategy: easy running, static stretching, cryotherapy; Yumeiho therapy was applied only to group A to accelerate the recovery. Results The anaerobic lactic capacity was evaluated by 60 m sprint test at the beginning and the end of the research. The results highlight the increase of the sprinting speed by 0.08 s in group A (p < 0.001). The aerobic capacity evaluated by means of Gacon Test in both groups shows the value 23.7%, namely a well-prepared level (p < 0.001). VO2max value in the soccer players of group A shows 87.5% good aerobic power, while the players of group B have 50% good aerobic power (p < 0.001). The concentration of LAC after exercise has a higher value in group A (p > 0.05). The level of recovery after exercise is improved in both groups, with larger differences in group A (very good level, p < 0.001). The PSQI grew by 20.37% in group A and by 11% in group B. The sleep duration increased in both groups (p < 0.001). The results of the correlation analysis in the soccer players of group A…
bibliographic citation: Mihailescu et al. (2023) Determining the capacity for effort and recovery of the elite soccer players specialized in different playing positions. PeerJ 11:e15477 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.15477
date submitted: 2023-01-06
date accepted: 2023-05-08
issued: 2023-05-29
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Mihailescu
  given name: Liliana
author list: Agent
  family name: Chiriac
  given name: Paul Bogdan
author list: Agent
  family name: Mihailescu
  given name: Liviu Emanuel
author list: Agent
  family name: Manolachi
  given name: Veaceslav
author list: Agent
  family name: Potop
  given name: Vladimir
doi: 10.7717/peerj.15477
volume: 11
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2023-05-29
copyright: © 2023 Mihailescu et al.
attribution name: Mihailescu et al.

Cytogenetic screening of chromosomal abnormalities and genetic analysis of FSH receptor Ala307Thr and Ser680Asn genes in amenorrheic patients
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Objective Amenorrhea is a rare reproductive medical condition defined by the absence of menstruation during puberty or later life. This study aims to establish the frequency and pattern of chromosomal abnormalities (CA) in both primary amenorrhea (PA) and secondary amenorrhea (SA), and further to detect the genetic changes in exon 10 at nucleotide positions 919 and 2039 of the genotypes Thr307Ala, and Asn680Ser, respectively. Design, settings and patients This cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of seventy amenorrhoeic women according to the Helsinki declaration rules of medical ethics, as divided into 40 (57.14%) with PA and 30 (42.86%) with SA, and 30 healthy women with normal menstruation as the control. The chromosomal karyotyping was performed according to the ISCN, 2020. PCR products were submitted to RFLP and Sanger sequencing for women with normal karyotype and high FSH serum levels. Results The classical Turner Syndrome was the most common CA in PA, followed by isochromosome X [46, Xi(X)(q10)], mosaicism of Turner and isochromosome X [45, X /46, Xi(X)(q10)], sex reversal (46, XY) and (46, XX,-3,+der3,-19,del 19 p). Abnormal SA cases were characterized by mosaicism Turner syndrome (45,X/46,XX) and (46,XX,-3,+der3,X,+derX). The homozygous genotypes AA and GG of Ala307Thr (rs6165) in the FSHR gene are most common in PA, while the homozygous genotype AA is more common in SA. GG and AG genotypes of Ser680Asn (rs6166) are more frequent in Iraqi patients with PA and SA compared to the healthy control women. Both PCR-RFLP and Sanger sequencing indicated a marked matching between genotypes. Conclusions The study emphasizes the need for cytogenetic analysis to determine the genetic basis of PA and SA. Further, genotyping for women with normal karyotype and high FSH serum concentrations via PCR-RFLP should be considered for the precise diagnosis and development of appropriate management of and counselling for these patients.
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Bushra A. Kanaan
creator: Mushtak T.S. Al-Ouqaili
creator: Rafal M. Murshid
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Women’s Health
subject: Medical Genetics
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.15267
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2023 Kanaan et al.
abstract: Objective Amenorrhea is a rare reproductive medical condition defined by the absence of menstruation during puberty or later life. This study aims to establish the frequency and pattern of chromosomal abnormalities (CA) in both primary amenorrhea (PA) and secondary amenorrhea (SA), and further to detect the genetic changes in exon 10 at nucleotide positions 919 and 2039 of the genotypes Thr307Ala, and Asn680Ser, respectively. Design, settings and patients This cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of seventy amenorrhoeic women according to the Helsinki declaration rules of medical ethics, as divided into 40 (57.14%) with PA and 30 (42.86%) with SA, and 30 healthy women with normal menstruation as the control. The chromosomal karyotyping was performed according to the ISCN, 2020. PCR products were submitted to RFLP and Sanger sequencing for women with normal karyotype and high FSH serum levels. Results The classical Turner Syndrome was the most common CA in PA, followed by isochromosome X [46, Xi(X)(q10)], mosaicism of Turner and isochromosome X [45, X /46, Xi(X)(q10)], sex reversal (46, XY) and (46, XX,-3,+der3,-19,del 19 p). Abnormal SA cases were characterized by mosaicism Turner syndrome (45,X/46,XX) and (46,XX,-3,+der3,X,+derX). The homozygous genotypes AA and GG of Ala307Thr (rs6165) in the FSHR gene are most common in PA, while the homozygous genotype AA is more common in SA. GG and AG genotypes of Ser680Asn (rs6166) are more frequent in Iraqi patients with PA and SA compared to the healthy control women. Both PCR-RFLP and Sanger sequencing indicated a marked matching between genotypes. Conclusions The study emphasizes the need for cytogenetic analysis to determine the genetic basis of PA and SA. Further, genotyping for women with normal karyotype and high FSH serum concentrations via PCR-RFLP should be considered for the precise diagnosis and development of appropriate management of and counselling for these patients.
bibliographic citation: Kanaan et al. (2023) Cytogenetic screening of chromosomal abnormalities and genetic analysis of FSH receptor Ala307Thr and Ser680Asn genes in amenorrheic patients. PeerJ 11:e15267 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.15267
date submitted: 2022-12-02
date accepted: 2023-03-29
issued: 2023-05-26
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Kanaan
  given name: Bushra A.
author list: Agent
  family name: Al-Ouqaili
  given name: Mushtak T.S.
author list: Agent
  family name: Murshid
  given name: Rafal M.
doi: 10.7717/peerj.15267
volume: 11
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2023-05-26
copyright: ©2023 Kanaan et al.
attribution name: Kanaan et al.

Liver proteomic analysis reveals the key proteins involved in host immune response to sepsis
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Background Sepsis is a serious infection-induced response in the host, which can result in life-threatening organ dysfunction. It is of great importance to unravel the relationship between sepsis and host immune response and its mechanisms of action. Liver is one of the most vulnerable organs in sepsis, however, the specific pathogenesis of septic liver injury has not been well understood at the protein level. Methods A total of 12 healthy Sprague–Dawley (SD) male rats aged from 6 to 8 weeks were adaptively housed in individual cages in the specific pathogen free animal room. These lab rats were grouped into two groups: treatment (N = 9) and control (N = 3) groups; only three mice from the treatment group survived and were used for subsequent experiments. A TMT-based proteomic analysis for liver tissue was performed in the septic rat model. Results A total of 37,012 unique peptides were identified, and then 6,166 proteins were determined, among which 5,701 were quantifiable. Compared to the healthy control group, the septic rat group exhibited 162 upregulated and 103 downregulated differentially expressed proteins (DEPs). The upregulated and downregulated DEPs were the most significantly enriched into the complement and coagulation cascades and metabolic pathways. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis further revealed that the upregulated and downregulated DEPs each clustered in a PPI network. Several highly connected upregulated and downregulated DEPs were also enriched into the complement and coagulation cascades pathways and metabolic pathways, respectively. The parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) results of the selected DEPs were consistent with the results of the TMT analysis, supporting the proteomic data. Conclusion Our findings highlight the roles of complement and coagulation cascades and metabolic pathways that may play vital roles in the host immune response. The DEPs may serve as clinically potential treatment targets for septic liver injury.
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Yingying Chen
creator: Hui Gong
creator: Donge Tang
creator: Lan Yu
creator: Shoubin Long
creator: Bao Zheng
creator: Dixian Luo
creator: Anji Cai
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Bioinformatics
subject: Molecular Biology
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.15294
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2023 Chen et al.
abstract: Background Sepsis is a serious infection-induced response in the host, which can result in life-threatening organ dysfunction. It is of great importance to unravel the relationship between sepsis and host immune response and its mechanisms of action. Liver is one of the most vulnerable organs in sepsis, however, the specific pathogenesis of septic liver injury has not been well understood at the protein level. Methods A total of 12 healthy Sprague–Dawley (SD) male rats aged from 6 to 8 weeks were adaptively housed in individual cages in the specific pathogen free animal room. These lab rats were grouped into two groups: treatment (N = 9) and control (N = 3) groups; only three mice from the treatment group survived and were used for subsequent experiments. A TMT-based proteomic analysis for liver tissue was performed in the septic rat model. Results A total of 37,012 unique peptides were identified, and then 6,166 proteins were determined, among which 5,701 were quantifiable. Compared to the healthy control group, the septic rat group exhibited 162 upregulated and 103 downregulated differentially expressed proteins (DEPs). The upregulated and downregulated DEPs were the most significantly enriched into the complement and coagulation cascades and metabolic pathways. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis further revealed that the upregulated and downregulated DEPs each clustered in a PPI network. Several highly connected upregulated and downregulated DEPs were also enriched into the complement and coagulation cascades pathways and metabolic pathways, respectively. The parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) results of the selected DEPs were consistent with the results of the TMT analysis, supporting the proteomic data. Conclusion Our findings highlight the roles of complement and coagulation cascades and metabolic pathways that may play vital roles in the host immune response. The DEPs may serve as clinically potential treatment targets for septic liver injury.
bibliographic citation: Chen et al. (2023) Liver proteomic analysis reveals the key proteins involved in host immune response to sepsis. PeerJ 11:e15294 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.15294
date submitted: 2022-11-18
date accepted: 2023-04-04
issued: 2023-05-26
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Chen
  given name: Yingying
author list: Agent
  family name: Gong
  given name: Hui
author list: Agent
  family name: Tang
  given name: Donge
author list: Agent
  family name: Yu
  given name: Lan
author list: Agent
  family name: Long
  given name: Shoubin
author list: Agent
  family name: Zheng
  given name: Bao
author list: Agent
  family name: Luo
  given name: Dixian
author list: Agent
  family name: Cai
  given name: Anji
doi: 10.7717/peerj.15294
volume: 11
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2023-05-26
copyright: © 2023 Chen et al.
attribution name: Chen et al.

The relationship between ethylene-induced autophagy and reactive oxygen species in Arabidopsis root cells during the early stages of waterlogging stress
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: The response of plants to waterlogging stress is a complex process, with ethylene playing a crucial role as a signaling molecule. However, it remains unclear how ethylene is initially triggered in response to waterlogging stress when plants are continuously waterlogged for less than 12 hours. Here, we have shown that ethylene-induced autophagy leads to the degradation of damaged mitochondria (the main organelles producing reactive oxygen species (ROS)) to reduce ROS production during oxidative stress in Arabidopsis thaliana, which improves the survival rate of root cells in the early stages of waterlogging stress. Waterlogging stress activated ethylene-related genes, including ACO2, ACS2, ERF72, ERF73, and EIN3, and ethylene content of plants increased significantly within 24 h of continuous waterlogging. As stress duration increased, increased amounts of ROS accumulated in Arabidopsis thaliana roots, and the activity of antioxidant enzymes initially increased and then decreased. Concurrently, the level of ethylene-induced autophagy, which participates in antioxidant defense, is higher in wild-type plants than in the octuple acs mutant cs16651 (acs2-1/acs4-1/acs5-2/acs6-1/acs7-1/acs9-1/amiRacs8acs11). Exogenous application of 1-aminocyclopropanecarboxylic acid (ACC), resulted in a more pronounced manifestation of autophagy in the stele of Arabidopsis roots. Compared with the waterlogging treatment group or the ACC treatment group, the waterlogging + ACC treatment can induce autophagy to occur earlier and expand the autophagic range to the epidermis of Arabidopsis thaliana roots. Overall, our results provide insight into the important role of ethylene-induced autophagy in enhancing the antioxidative capacity of Arabidopsis thaliana during the early stages of waterlogging stress. Furthermore, we suggest ethylene as a potential candidate for mitigating the deleterious effects caused by waterlogging in Arabidopsis thaliana.
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Qiwei Zheng
creator: Gege Li
creator: Hongyan Wang
creator: Zhuqing Zhou
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Plant Science
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.15404
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2023 Zheng et al.
abstract: The response of plants to waterlogging stress is a complex process, with ethylene playing a crucial role as a signaling molecule. However, it remains unclear how ethylene is initially triggered in response to waterlogging stress when plants are continuously waterlogged for less than 12 hours. Here, we have shown that ethylene-induced autophagy leads to the degradation of damaged mitochondria (the main organelles producing reactive oxygen species (ROS)) to reduce ROS production during oxidative stress in Arabidopsis thaliana, which improves the survival rate of root cells in the early stages of waterlogging stress. Waterlogging stress activated ethylene-related genes, including ACO2, ACS2, ERF72, ERF73, and EIN3, and ethylene content of plants increased significantly within 24 h of continuous waterlogging. As stress duration increased, increased amounts of ROS accumulated in Arabidopsis thaliana roots, and the activity of antioxidant enzymes initially increased and then decreased. Concurrently, the level of ethylene-induced autophagy, which participates in antioxidant defense, is higher in wild-type plants than in the octuple acs mutant cs16651 (acs2-1/acs4-1/acs5-2/acs6-1/acs7-1/acs9-1/amiRacs8acs11). Exogenous application of 1-aminocyclopropanecarboxylic acid (ACC), resulted in a more pronounced manifestation of autophagy in the stele of Arabidopsis roots. Compared with the waterlogging treatment group or the ACC treatment group, the waterlogging + ACC treatment can induce autophagy to occur earlier and expand the autophagic range to the epidermis of Arabidopsis thaliana roots. Overall, our results provide insight into the important role of ethylene-induced autophagy in enhancing the antioxidative capacity of Arabidopsis thaliana during the early stages of waterlogging stress. Furthermore, we suggest ethylene as a potential candidate for mitigating the deleterious effects caused by waterlogging in Arabidopsis thaliana.
bibliographic citation: Zheng et al. (2023) The relationship between ethylene-induced autophagy and reactive oxygen species in Arabidopsis root cells during the early stages of waterlogging stress. PeerJ 11:e15404 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.15404
date submitted: 2022-12-02
date accepted: 2023-04-20
issued: 2023-05-26
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Zheng
  given name: Qiwei
author list: Agent
  family name: Li
  given name: Gege
author list: Agent
  family name: Wang
  given name: Hongyan
author list: Agent
  family name: Zhou
  given name: Zhuqing
doi: 10.7717/peerj.15404
volume: 11
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2023-05-26
copyright: ©2023 Zheng et al.
attribution name: Zheng et al.

PeerJ
type: Periodical
uri: PeerJ
issn: 2167-8359