PeerJ
type: channel
link: https://peerj.com/articles/
description: Articles published in PeerJ
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
publication name: PeerJ
issn: 2167-8359
items: Unveiling sex-based differences in developing propionic acid-induced features in mice as a rodent model of ASD
items: Effects of sports intervention on aggression in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis
items: The behavior of sympatric sea urchin species across an ecosystem state gradient
items: Retrospective study of transcriptomic profiling identifies Thai triple-negative breast cancer patients who may benefit from immune checkpoint and PARP inhibitors
items: A multi-class classification algorithm based on hematoxylin-eosin staining for neoadjuvant therapy in rectal cancer: a retrospective study
items: Fertilizer and herbicide alter nectar and pollen quality with consequences for pollinator floral choices
items: Marine aquaculture as a source of propagules of invasive fouling species
items: Remimazolam versus propofol for procedural sedation: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
items: Analysis of brain activation and wave frequencies during a sentence completion task: a paradigm used with EEG in aphasic participants
items: Development of a real-time PCR (qPCR) method for the identification of the invasive paddle crab Charybdis japonica (Crustacea, Portunidae)

Unveiling sex-based differences in developing propionic acid-induced features in mice as a rodent model of ASD
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Background Males are more likely to develop autism as a neurodevelopmental disorder than females are, although the mechanisms underlying male vulnerability are not fully understood. Therefore, studying the role of autism etiologies considering sex differences in the propionic acid (PPA) rodent model of autism would build greater understanding of how females are protected from autism spectrum disorder, which may be used as a treatment strategy for males with autism. Objectives This study aimed to investigate the sex differences in oxidative stress, glutamate excitotoxicity, neuroinflammation, and gut microbiota impairment as etiological mechanisms for many neurological diseases, with specific reference to autism. Method Forty albino mice were divided into four groups of 10 animals each with two control and two treated groups of both sexes received only phosphate-buffered saline or a neurotoxic dose of PPA (250 mg/kg body weight) for 3 days, respectively. Biochemical markers of energy metabolism, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and excitotoxicity were measured in mouse brain homogenates, whereas the presence of pathogenic bacteria was assessed in mouse stool samples. Furthermore, the repetitive behavior, cognitive ability, and physical-neural coordination of the animals were examined. Results Collectively, selected variables related to oxidative stress, glutamate excitotoxicity, neuroinflammation, and gut bacteria were impaired concomitantly with altered behavior in PPA-induced rodent model, with males being more susceptible than females. Conclusion This study explains the role of sex in the higher vulnerability of males to develop autistic biochemical and behavioral features compared with females. Female sex hormones and the higher detoxification capacity and higher glycolytic flux in females serve as neuroprotective contributors in a rodent model of autism.
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creator: Nasreen Kamalmaz
creator: Abir Ben Bacha
creator: Mona Alonazi
creator: Gadah Albasher
creator: Arwa Ishaq A. Khayyat
creator: Afaf El-Ansary
subject: Animal Behavior
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Toxicology
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.15488
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2023 Kamalmaz et al.
abstract: Background Males are more likely to develop autism as a neurodevelopmental disorder than females are, although the mechanisms underlying male vulnerability are not fully understood. Therefore, studying the role of autism etiologies considering sex differences in the propionic acid (PPA) rodent model of autism would build greater understanding of how females are protected from autism spectrum disorder, which may be used as a treatment strategy for males with autism. Objectives This study aimed to investigate the sex differences in oxidative stress, glutamate excitotoxicity, neuroinflammation, and gut microbiota impairment as etiological mechanisms for many neurological diseases, with specific reference to autism. Method Forty albino mice were divided into four groups of 10 animals each with two control and two treated groups of both sexes received only phosphate-buffered saline or a neurotoxic dose of PPA (250 mg/kg body weight) for 3 days, respectively. Biochemical markers of energy metabolism, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and excitotoxicity were measured in mouse brain homogenates, whereas the presence of pathogenic bacteria was assessed in mouse stool samples. Furthermore, the repetitive behavior, cognitive ability, and physical-neural coordination of the animals were examined. Results Collectively, selected variables related to oxidative stress, glutamate excitotoxicity, neuroinflammation, and gut bacteria were impaired concomitantly with altered behavior in PPA-induced rodent model, with males being more susceptible than females. Conclusion This study explains the role of sex in the higher vulnerability of males to develop autistic biochemical and behavioral features compared with females. Female sex hormones and the higher detoxification capacity and higher glycolytic flux in females serve as neuroprotective contributors in a rodent model of autism.
bibliographic citation: Kamalmaz et al. (2023) Unveiling sex-based differences in developing propionic acid-induced features in mice as a rodent model of ASD. PeerJ 11:e15488 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.15488
date submitted: 2023-01-25
date accepted: 2023-05-10
issued: 2023-06-13
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Kamalmaz
  given name: Nasreen
author list: Agent
  family name: Ben Bacha
  given name: Abir
author list: Agent
  family name: Alonazi
  given name: Mona
author list: Agent
  family name: Albasher
  given name: Gadah
author list: Agent
  family name: Khayyat
  given name: Arwa Ishaq A.
author list: Agent
  family name: El-Ansary
  given name: Afaf
doi: 10.7717/peerj.15488
volume: 11
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2023-06-13
copyright: ©2023 Kamalmaz et al.
attribution name: Kamalmaz et al.

Effects of sports intervention on aggression in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Objective To explore the impact of sports on aggression in children and adolescents and analyze whether different conditions in the intervention, such as type of sports, or intervention duration, have different influences on the effect of interventions. Method The study protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022361024). We performed a systematic search of Pubmed, Web of Science, Cochrane library, Embase and Scopus databases from database inception to 12 October 2022 for all studies written in English. Studies were included if they met the following PICO criteria. All analyses were carried out using the Review Manager 5.3 Software. We summarized aggression, hostility and anger scores using SMDs. Summary estimates with 95% confidence intervals were pooled using DerSimonian-Laird random effects model or fixed effects model according to between-study heterogeneity. Results A total of 15 studies were deemed eligible for inclusion in this review. The overall mean effect size indicated that sport interventions was associated with lower aggression (SMD = −0.37, 95% CI [−0.69 to −0.06], P = 0.020; I2 = 88%). Subgroup analyses showed that non-contact sports were associated with lower aggression (SMD = −0.65, 95% CI [−1.17 to −0.13], P = 0.020; I2 = 92%) but high-contact sports were not (SMD = −0.15, 95% CI [−0.55 to 0.25], P = 0.470; I2 = 79%). In addition, when intervention duration <6 months, sport interventions was associated with lower aggression (SMD = −0.99, 95% CI [−1.73 to −0.26], P = 0.008; I2 = 90%) and when intervention duration ≥ 6 months, sport interventions was not associated with lower aggression (SMD = −0.08, 95% CI [−0.44 to −0.28], P = 0.660; I2 = 87%). Conclusion This review confirmed that sports intervention can reduce the aggression of children and adolescents. We suggested that schools can organize young people to participate in low-level, non-contact sports to reduce the occurrence of bullying, violence and other aggression-related adverse events. Ad…
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Yahui Yang
creator: Hao Zhu
creator: Kequn Chu
creator: Yue Zheng
creator: Fengshu Zhu
subject: Pediatrics
subject: Psychiatry and Psychology
subject: Mental Health
subject: Sports Medicine
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.15504
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2023 Yang et al.
abstract: Objective To explore the impact of sports on aggression in children and adolescents and analyze whether different conditions in the intervention, such as type of sports, or intervention duration, have different influences on the effect of interventions. Method The study protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022361024). We performed a systematic search of Pubmed, Web of Science, Cochrane library, Embase and Scopus databases from database inception to 12 October 2022 for all studies written in English. Studies were included if they met the following PICO criteria. All analyses were carried out using the Review Manager 5.3 Software. We summarized aggression, hostility and anger scores using SMDs. Summary estimates with 95% confidence intervals were pooled using DerSimonian-Laird random effects model or fixed effects model according to between-study heterogeneity. Results A total of 15 studies were deemed eligible for inclusion in this review. The overall mean effect size indicated that sport interventions was associated with lower aggression (SMD = −0.37, 95% CI [−0.69 to −0.06], P = 0.020; I2 = 88%). Subgroup analyses showed that non-contact sports were associated with lower aggression (SMD = −0.65, 95% CI [−1.17 to −0.13], P = 0.020; I2 = 92%) but high-contact sports were not (SMD = −0.15, 95% CI [−0.55 to 0.25], P = 0.470; I2 = 79%). In addition, when intervention duration <6 months, sport interventions was associated with lower aggression (SMD = −0.99, 95% CI [−1.73 to −0.26], P = 0.008; I2 = 90%) and when intervention duration ≥ 6 months, sport interventions was not associated with lower aggression (SMD = −0.08, 95% CI [−0.44 to −0.28], P = 0.660; I2 = 87%). Conclusion This review confirmed that sports intervention can reduce the aggression of children and adolescents. We suggested that schools can organize young people to participate in low-level, non-contact sports to reduce the occurrence of bullying, violence and other aggression-related adverse events. Ad…
bibliographic citation: Yang et al. (2023) Effects of sports intervention on aggression in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PeerJ 11:e15504 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.15504
date submitted: 2023-02-22
date accepted: 2023-05-14
issued: 2023-06-13
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Yang
  given name: Yahui
author list: Agent
  family name: Zhu
  given name: Hao
author list: Agent
  family name: Chu
  given name: Kequn
author list: Agent
  family name: Zheng
  given name: Yue
author list: Agent
  family name: Zhu
  given name: Fengshu
doi: 10.7717/peerj.15504
volume: 11
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2023-06-13
copyright: ©2023 Yang et al.
attribution name: Yang et al.

The behavior of sympatric sea urchin species across an ecosystem state gradient
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Background In temperate macroalgal forests, sea urchins are considered as a keystone species due to their grazing ability. Given their potential to shape benthic communities, we monitored the habitat use by three sympatric sea urchin species and compared their behaviors in a vegetated habitat (VH) and an adjacent isoyake habitat (IH). Methods We monitored the environmental conditions and sea urchin density along deep and shallow transects of the VH and IH for over a year. The benthic rugosity at both sites were also surveyed. A mark-recapture experiment was conducted on the two most abundant sea urchins, Diadema setosum and Heliocidaris crassispina, to elucidate sea urchin movement patterns and group dynamics. Results We found that exposure to waves was highest at the VH while the IH was sheltered. The deep IH experienced the least amount of light due to high turbidity. Water temperature patterns were similar across sites. The VH benthic topography was more rugose compared to the smoother and silt-covered IH substate. Peak macroalgal bloom occurred three months earlier in IH, but macroalgae persisted longer at the shallow VH. Among the sympatric sea urchins, H. crassispina was most abundant at the shallow VH and was observed in pits and crevices. The most abundant across IH and in the deep VH was D. setosum, preferring either crevices or free-living, depending on hydrodynamic conditions. The least abundant species was D. savignyi, and most often observed in crevices. Small and medium sea urchins were most often observed at the IH site, whereas larger sea urchins were more likely observed at the VH. The mark-recapture study showed that D. setosum was found to displace further at the IH, and H. crassispina was more sedentary. Additionally, D. setosum was always observed in groups, whereas H. crassispina was always solitary. Discussion The behaviors of sympatric urchins, Diadema savignyi, D. setosum and H. crassispina, differed in response to changes in the benthic env…
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Dominic Franco C. Belleza
creator: Takeshi Urae
creator: Shin-ichiro Tanimae
creator: Kento Toyama
creator: Akari Isoda
creator: Gregory N. Nishihara
subject: Animal Behavior
subject: Ecology
subject: Ecosystem Science
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Zoology
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.15511
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2023 Belleza et al.
abstract: Background In temperate macroalgal forests, sea urchins are considered as a keystone species due to their grazing ability. Given their potential to shape benthic communities, we monitored the habitat use by three sympatric sea urchin species and compared their behaviors in a vegetated habitat (VH) and an adjacent isoyake habitat (IH). Methods We monitored the environmental conditions and sea urchin density along deep and shallow transects of the VH and IH for over a year. The benthic rugosity at both sites were also surveyed. A mark-recapture experiment was conducted on the two most abundant sea urchins, Diadema setosum and Heliocidaris crassispina, to elucidate sea urchin movement patterns and group dynamics. Results We found that exposure to waves was highest at the VH while the IH was sheltered. The deep IH experienced the least amount of light due to high turbidity. Water temperature patterns were similar across sites. The VH benthic topography was more rugose compared to the smoother and silt-covered IH substate. Peak macroalgal bloom occurred three months earlier in IH, but macroalgae persisted longer at the shallow VH. Among the sympatric sea urchins, H. crassispina was most abundant at the shallow VH and was observed in pits and crevices. The most abundant across IH and in the deep VH was D. setosum, preferring either crevices or free-living, depending on hydrodynamic conditions. The least abundant species was D. savignyi, and most often observed in crevices. Small and medium sea urchins were most often observed at the IH site, whereas larger sea urchins were more likely observed at the VH. The mark-recapture study showed that D. setosum was found to displace further at the IH, and H. crassispina was more sedentary. Additionally, D. setosum was always observed in groups, whereas H. crassispina was always solitary. Discussion The behaviors of sympatric urchins, Diadema savignyi, D. setosum and H. crassispina, differed in response to changes in the benthic env…
bibliographic citation: Belleza et al. (2023) The behavior of sympatric sea urchin species across an ecosystem state gradient. PeerJ 11:e15511 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.15511
date submitted: 2022-10-12
date accepted: 2023-05-15
issued: 2023-06-13
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Belleza
  given name: Dominic Franco C.
author list: Agent
  family name: Urae
  given name: Takeshi
author list: Agent
  family name: Tanimae
  given name: Shin-ichiro
author list: Agent
  family name: Toyama
  given name: Kento
author list: Agent
  family name: Isoda
  given name: Akari
author list: Agent
  family name: Nishihara
  given name: Gregory N.
doi: 10.7717/peerj.15511
volume: 11
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2023-06-13
copyright: © 2023 Belleza et al.
attribution name: Belleza et al.

Retrospective study of transcriptomic profiling identifies Thai triple-negative breast cancer patients who may benefit from immune checkpoint and PARP inhibitors
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Background Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a rare and aggressive breast cancer subtype. Unlike the estrogen receptor-positive subtype, whose recurrence risk can be predicted by gene expression-based signature, TNBC is more heterogeneous, with diverse drug sensitivity levels to standard regimens. This study explored the benefit of gene expression-based profiling for classifying the molecular subtypes of Thai TNBC patients. Methods The nCounter-based Breast 360 gene expression was used to classify Thai TNBC retrospective cohort subgroups. Their expression profiles were then compared against the previously established TNBC classification system. The differential characteristics of the tumor microenvironment and DNA damage repair signatures across subgroups were also explored. Results Thai TNBC cohort could be classified into four main subgroups, corresponding to the LAR, BL-2, and M subtypes based on Lehmann’s TNBC classification. The PAM50 gene set classified most samples as basal-like subtypes except for Group 1. Group 1 exhibited similar enrichment of the metabolic and hormone response pathways to the LAR subtype. Group 2 shared pathway activation with the BL-2 subtype. Group 3 showed an increase in the EMT pathway, similar to the M subtype. Group 4 showed no correlation with Lehmann’s TNBC. The tumor microenvironment (TME) analysis showed high TME cell abundance with increased expression of immune blockade genes in Group 2. Group 4 exhibited low TME cell abundance and reduced immune blockade gene expressions. We also observed distinct signatures of the DNA double-strand break repair genes in Group 1. Conclusions Our study reported unique characteristics between the four TNBC subgroups and showed the potential use of immune checkpoint and PARP inhibitors in subsets of Thai TNBC patients. Our findings warrant further clinical investigation to validate TNBC’s sensitivity to these regimens.
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creator: Monthira Suntiparpluacha
creator: Jantappapa Chanthercrob
creator: Doonyapat Sa-nguanraksa
creator: Juthamas Sitthikornpaiboon
creator: Amphun Chaiboonchoe
creator: Patipark Kueanjinda
creator: Natini Jinawath
creator: Somponnat Sampattavanich
subject: Bioinformatics
subject: Drugs and Devices
subject: Oncology
subject: Women’s Health
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.15350
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2023 Suntiparpluacha et al.
abstract: Background Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a rare and aggressive breast cancer subtype. Unlike the estrogen receptor-positive subtype, whose recurrence risk can be predicted by gene expression-based signature, TNBC is more heterogeneous, with diverse drug sensitivity levels to standard regimens. This study explored the benefit of gene expression-based profiling for classifying the molecular subtypes of Thai TNBC patients. Methods The nCounter-based Breast 360 gene expression was used to classify Thai TNBC retrospective cohort subgroups. Their expression profiles were then compared against the previously established TNBC classification system. The differential characteristics of the tumor microenvironment and DNA damage repair signatures across subgroups were also explored. Results Thai TNBC cohort could be classified into four main subgroups, corresponding to the LAR, BL-2, and M subtypes based on Lehmann’s TNBC classification. The PAM50 gene set classified most samples as basal-like subtypes except for Group 1. Group 1 exhibited similar enrichment of the metabolic and hormone response pathways to the LAR subtype. Group 2 shared pathway activation with the BL-2 subtype. Group 3 showed an increase in the EMT pathway, similar to the M subtype. Group 4 showed no correlation with Lehmann’s TNBC. The tumor microenvironment (TME) analysis showed high TME cell abundance with increased expression of immune blockade genes in Group 2. Group 4 exhibited low TME cell abundance and reduced immune blockade gene expressions. We also observed distinct signatures of the DNA double-strand break repair genes in Group 1. Conclusions Our study reported unique characteristics between the four TNBC subgroups and showed the potential use of immune checkpoint and PARP inhibitors in subsets of Thai TNBC patients. Our findings warrant further clinical investigation to validate TNBC’s sensitivity to these regimens.
bibliographic citation: Suntiparpluacha et al. (2023) Retrospective study of transcriptomic profiling identifies Thai triple-negative breast cancer patients who may benefit from immune checkpoint and PARP inhibitors. PeerJ 11:e15350 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.15350
date submitted: 2023-01-13
date accepted: 2023-04-13
issued: 2023-06-12
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Suntiparpluacha
  given name: Monthira
author list: Agent
  family name: Chanthercrob
  given name: Jantappapa
author list: Agent
  family name: Sa-nguanraksa
  given name: Doonyapat
author list: Agent
  family name: Sitthikornpaiboon
  given name: Juthamas
author list: Agent
  family name: Chaiboonchoe
  given name: Amphun
author list: Agent
  family name: Kueanjinda
  given name: Patipark
author list: Agent
  family name: Jinawath
  given name: Natini
author list: Agent
  family name: Sampattavanich
  given name: Somponnat
doi: 10.7717/peerj.15350
volume: 11
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2023-06-12
copyright: ©2023 Suntiparpluacha et al.
attribution name: Suntiparpluacha et al.

A multi-class classification algorithm based on hematoxylin-eosin staining for neoadjuvant therapy in rectal cancer: a retrospective study
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) is a major treatment option for locally advanced rectal cancer. With recent advancement of machine/deep learning algorithms, predicting the treatment response of NAT has become possible using radiological and/or pathological images. However, programs reported thus far are limited to binary classifications, and they can only distinguish the pathological complete response (pCR). In the clinical setting, the pathological NAT responses are classified as four classes: (TRG0-3), with 0 as pCR, 1 as moderate response, 2 as minimal response and 3 as poor response. Therefore, the actual clinical need for risk stratification remains unmet. By using ResNet (Residual Neural Network), we developed a multi-class classifier based on Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE) images to divide the response to three groups (TRG0, TRG1/2, and TRG3). Overall, the model achieved the AUC 0.97 at 40× magnification and AUC 0.89 at 10× magnification. For TRG0, the model under 40× magnification achieved a precision of 0.67, a sensitivity of 0.67, and a specificity of 0.95. For TRG1/2, a precision of 0.92, a sensitivity of 0.86, and a specificity of 0.89 were achieved. For TRG3, the model obtained a precision of 0.71, a sensitivity of 0.83, and a specificity of 0.88. To find the relationship between the treatment response and pathological images, we constructed a visual heat map of tiles using Class Activation Mapping (CAM). Notably, we found that tumor nuclei and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes appeared to be potential features of the algorithm. Taken together, this multi-class classifier represents the first of its kind to predict different NAT responses in rectal cancer.
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format: text/html
creator: Yihan Wu
creator: Xiaohua Liu
creator: Fang Liu
creator: Yi Li
creator: Xiaomin Xiong
creator: Hao Sun
creator: Bo Lin
creator: Yu Li
creator: Bo Xu
subject: Computational Biology
subject: Gastroenterology and Hepatology
subject: Oncology
subject: Pathology
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.15408
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2023 Wu et al.
abstract: Neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) is a major treatment option for locally advanced rectal cancer. With recent advancement of machine/deep learning algorithms, predicting the treatment response of NAT has become possible using radiological and/or pathological images. However, programs reported thus far are limited to binary classifications, and they can only distinguish the pathological complete response (pCR). In the clinical setting, the pathological NAT responses are classified as four classes: (TRG0-3), with 0 as pCR, 1 as moderate response, 2 as minimal response and 3 as poor response. Therefore, the actual clinical need for risk stratification remains unmet. By using ResNet (Residual Neural Network), we developed a multi-class classifier based on Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE) images to divide the response to three groups (TRG0, TRG1/2, and TRG3). Overall, the model achieved the AUC 0.97 at 40× magnification and AUC 0.89 at 10× magnification. For TRG0, the model under 40× magnification achieved a precision of 0.67, a sensitivity of 0.67, and a specificity of 0.95. For TRG1/2, a precision of 0.92, a sensitivity of 0.86, and a specificity of 0.89 were achieved. For TRG3, the model obtained a precision of 0.71, a sensitivity of 0.83, and a specificity of 0.88. To find the relationship between the treatment response and pathological images, we constructed a visual heat map of tiles using Class Activation Mapping (CAM). Notably, we found that tumor nuclei and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes appeared to be potential features of the algorithm. Taken together, this multi-class classifier represents the first of its kind to predict different NAT responses in rectal cancer.
bibliographic citation: Wu et al. (2023) A multi-class classification algorithm based on hematoxylin-eosin staining for neoadjuvant therapy in rectal cancer: a retrospective study. PeerJ 11:e15408 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.15408
date submitted: 2022-12-27
date accepted: 2023-04-21
issued: 2023-06-12
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Wu
  given name: Yihan
author list: Agent
  family name: Liu
  given name: Xiaohua
author list: Agent
  family name: Liu
  given name: Fang
author list: Agent
  family name: Li
  given name: Yi
author list: Agent
  family name: Xiong
  given name: Xiaomin
author list: Agent
  family name: Sun
  given name: Hao
author list: Agent
  family name: Lin
  given name: Bo
author list: Agent
  family name: Li
  given name: Yu
author list: Agent
  family name: Xu
  given name: Bo
doi: 10.7717/peerj.15408
volume: 11
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2023-06-12
copyright: ©2023 Wu et al.
attribution name: Wu et al.

Fertilizer and herbicide alter nectar and pollen quality with consequences for pollinator floral choices
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Background Pollinating insects provide economically and ecologically valuable services, but are threatened by a variety of anthropogenic changes. The availability and quality of floral resources may be affected by anthropogenic land use. For example, flower-visiting insects in agroecosystems rely on weeds on field edges for foraging resources, but these weeds are often exposed to agrochemicals that may compromise the quality of their floral resources. Methods We conducted complementary field and greenhouse experiments to evaluate the: (1) effect of low concentrations of agrochemical exposure on nectar and pollen quality and (2) relationship between floral resource quality and insect visitation. We applied the same agrochemcial treatments (low concentrations of fertilizer, low concentrations of herbicide, a combination of both, and a control of just water) to seven plant species in the field and greenhouse. We collected data on floral visitation by insects in the field experiment for two field seasons and collected pollen and nectar from focal plants in the greenhouse to avoid interfering with insect visitation in the field. Results We found pollen amino acid concentrations were lower in plants exposed to low concentrations of herbicide, and pollen fatty acid concentrations were lower in plants exposed to low concentrations of fertilizer, while nectar amino acids were higher in plants exposed to low concentrations of either fertilizer or herbicide. Exposure to low fertilizer concentrations also increased the quantity of pollen and nectar produced per flower. The responses of plants exposed to the experimental treatments in the greenhouse helped explain insect visitation in the field study. The insect visitation rate correlated with nectar amino acids, pollen amino acids, and pollen fatty acids. An interaction between pollen protein and floral display suggested pollen amino acid concentrations drove insect preference among plant species when floral display sizes were …
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Laura Russo
creator: Fabian Ruedenauer
creator: Angela Gronert
creator: Isabelle Van de Vreken
creator: Maryse Vanderplanck
creator: Denis Michez
creator: Alexandra Klein
creator: Sara Leonhardt
creator: Jane C. Stout
subject: Ecology
subject: Entomology
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.15452
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2023 Russo et al.
abstract: Background Pollinating insects provide economically and ecologically valuable services, but are threatened by a variety of anthropogenic changes. The availability and quality of floral resources may be affected by anthropogenic land use. For example, flower-visiting insects in agroecosystems rely on weeds on field edges for foraging resources, but these weeds are often exposed to agrochemicals that may compromise the quality of their floral resources. Methods We conducted complementary field and greenhouse experiments to evaluate the: (1) effect of low concentrations of agrochemical exposure on nectar and pollen quality and (2) relationship between floral resource quality and insect visitation. We applied the same agrochemcial treatments (low concentrations of fertilizer, low concentrations of herbicide, a combination of both, and a control of just water) to seven plant species in the field and greenhouse. We collected data on floral visitation by insects in the field experiment for two field seasons and collected pollen and nectar from focal plants in the greenhouse to avoid interfering with insect visitation in the field. Results We found pollen amino acid concentrations were lower in plants exposed to low concentrations of herbicide, and pollen fatty acid concentrations were lower in plants exposed to low concentrations of fertilizer, while nectar amino acids were higher in plants exposed to low concentrations of either fertilizer or herbicide. Exposure to low fertilizer concentrations also increased the quantity of pollen and nectar produced per flower. The responses of plants exposed to the experimental treatments in the greenhouse helped explain insect visitation in the field study. The insect visitation rate correlated with nectar amino acids, pollen amino acids, and pollen fatty acids. An interaction between pollen protein and floral display suggested pollen amino acid concentrations drove insect preference among plant species when floral display sizes were …
bibliographic citation: Russo et al. (2023) Fertilizer and herbicide alter nectar and pollen quality with consequences for pollinator floral choices. PeerJ 11:e15452 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.15452
date submitted: 2023-01-18
date accepted: 2023-05-03
issued: 2023-06-12
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Russo
  given name: Laura
author list: Agent
  family name: Ruedenauer
  given name: Fabian
author list: Agent
  family name: Gronert
  given name: Angela
author list: Agent
  family name: Van de Vreken
  given name: Isabelle
author list: Agent
  family name: Vanderplanck
  given name: Maryse
author list: Agent
  family name: Michez
  given name: Denis
author list: Agent
  family name: Klein
  given name: Alexandra
author list: Agent
  family name: Leonhardt
  given name: Sara
author list: Agent
  family name: Stout
  given name: Jane C.
doi: 10.7717/peerj.15452
volume: 11
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2023-06-12
copyright: ©2023 Russo et al.
attribution name: Russo et al.

Marine aquaculture as a source of propagules of invasive fouling species
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Non-indigenous species tend to colonize aquaculture installations, especially when they are near international ports. In addition to the local environmental hazard that colonizing non-indigenous species pose, they can also take advantage of local transport opportunities to spread elsewhere. In this study, we examined the risk of the spread of eight invasive fouling species that are found in mussel farms in southern Brazil. We used ensemble niche models based on worldwide occurrences of these species, and environmental variables (ocean temperature and salinity) to predict suitable areas for each species with three algorithms (Maxent, Random Forest, and Support Vector Machine). As a proxy for propagule pressure, we used the tonnage transported by container ships from Santa Catarina (the main mariculture region) that travel to other Brazilian ports. We found that ports in the tropical states of Pernambuco, Ceará, and Bahia received the largest tonnage, although far from Santa Catarina and in a different ecoregion. The ascidians Aplidium accarense and Didemnum perlucidum are known from Bahia, with a high risk of invasion in the other states. The bryozoan Watersipora subtorquata also has a high risk of establishment in Pernambuco, while the ascidian Botrylloides giganteus has a medium risk in Bahia. Paraná, a state in the same ecoregion as Santa Catarina is likely to be invaded by all species. A second state in this region, Rio Grande do Sul, is vulnerable to A. accarense, the barnacle Megabalanus coccopoma, and the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. Climate change is changing species latitudinal distributions and most species will gain rather than lose area in near future (by 2050). As an ideal habitat for fouling organisms and invasive species, aquaculture farms can increase propagule pressure and thus the probability that species will expand their distributions, especially if they are close to ports. Therefore, an integrated approach of the risks of both aquaculture an…
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Daniel M. Lins
creator: Rosana M. Rocha
subject: Biodiversity
subject: Biogeography
subject: Ecology
subject: Biological Oceanography
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.15456
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2023 Lins and Rocha
abstract: Non-indigenous species tend to colonize aquaculture installations, especially when they are near international ports. In addition to the local environmental hazard that colonizing non-indigenous species pose, they can also take advantage of local transport opportunities to spread elsewhere. In this study, we examined the risk of the spread of eight invasive fouling species that are found in mussel farms in southern Brazil. We used ensemble niche models based on worldwide occurrences of these species, and environmental variables (ocean temperature and salinity) to predict suitable areas for each species with three algorithms (Maxent, Random Forest, and Support Vector Machine). As a proxy for propagule pressure, we used the tonnage transported by container ships from Santa Catarina (the main mariculture region) that travel to other Brazilian ports. We found that ports in the tropical states of Pernambuco, Ceará, and Bahia received the largest tonnage, although far from Santa Catarina and in a different ecoregion. The ascidians Aplidium accarense and Didemnum perlucidum are known from Bahia, with a high risk of invasion in the other states. The bryozoan Watersipora subtorquata also has a high risk of establishment in Pernambuco, while the ascidian Botrylloides giganteus has a medium risk in Bahia. Paraná, a state in the same ecoregion as Santa Catarina is likely to be invaded by all species. A second state in this region, Rio Grande do Sul, is vulnerable to A. accarense, the barnacle Megabalanus coccopoma, and the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. Climate change is changing species latitudinal distributions and most species will gain rather than lose area in near future (by 2050). As an ideal habitat for fouling organisms and invasive species, aquaculture farms can increase propagule pressure and thus the probability that species will expand their distributions, especially if they are close to ports. Therefore, an integrated approach of the risks of both aquaculture an…
bibliographic citation: Lins et al. (2023) Marine aquaculture as a source of propagules of invasive fouling species. PeerJ 11:e15456 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.15456
date submitted: 2023-01-20
date accepted: 2023-05-03
issued: 2023-06-12
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Lins
  given name: Daniel M.
author list: Agent
  family name: Rocha
  given name: Rosana M.
doi: 10.7717/peerj.15456
volume: 11
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2023-06-12
copyright: © 2023 Lins and Rocha
attribution name: Lins and Rocha

Remimazolam versus propofol for procedural sedation: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Background To improve patient tolerability and satisfaction as well as minimize complications, procedural sedation has been widely used. Propofol is the most widely used agent for induction of anesthesia and sedation by anesthesiologists. With a different mechanism compared to propofol, remimazolam is a new short-acting GABA-A receptor agonist. It is an ester-based benzodiazepine. This meta-analysis aims to clarify the efficacy and safety of remimazolam versus propofol for procedure sedation. Methods Electronic databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing efficacy or safety of remimazolam versus propofol. Meta-analysis were conducted using RStudio with “metafor” package with random-effects model. Results A total of twelve RCTs were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled results demonstrated that patients with remimazolam for procedural sedation had lower risk of bradycardia (OR 0.28, 95% CI [0.14–0.57]), hypotension (OR 0.26, 95% CI [0.22–0.32]), and respiratory depression (OR 0.22, 95% CI [0.14–0.36]). There was no difference in the risk of developing postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) (OR 0.65, 95% CI [0.15–2.79]) and dizziness (OR 0.93, 95% CI [0.53–1.61]) between the remimazolam and propofol groups. Using remimazolam for procedural sedation is significantly associated with less injection pain compared to propofol (OR 0.06, 95% CI [0.03–0.13]). Regarding the sedation efficacy, there was no difference in sedation success rate or time to loss of consciousness, recover and discharge between the remimazolam and the propofol groups. Conclusions Based on our meta-analysis, patients receiving procedural sedation with remimazolam had lower risk of bradycardia, hypotension, respiratory depression and injection pain compared with propofol. On the other hand, there was no difference in sedation success rate, risk of PONV, dizziness, time to LOC, recovery and discharge between these two sedatives. PROSPERO registration number CRD42022362…
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Yu Chang
creator: Yun-Ting Huang
creator: Kuan-Yu Chi
creator: Yen-Ta Huang
subject: Anesthesiology and Pain Management
subject: Pharmacology
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.15495
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2023 Chang et al.
abstract: Background To improve patient tolerability and satisfaction as well as minimize complications, procedural sedation has been widely used. Propofol is the most widely used agent for induction of anesthesia and sedation by anesthesiologists. With a different mechanism compared to propofol, remimazolam is a new short-acting GABA-A receptor agonist. It is an ester-based benzodiazepine. This meta-analysis aims to clarify the efficacy and safety of remimazolam versus propofol for procedure sedation. Methods Electronic databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing efficacy or safety of remimazolam versus propofol. Meta-analysis were conducted using RStudio with “metafor” package with random-effects model. Results A total of twelve RCTs were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled results demonstrated that patients with remimazolam for procedural sedation had lower risk of bradycardia (OR 0.28, 95% CI [0.14–0.57]), hypotension (OR 0.26, 95% CI [0.22–0.32]), and respiratory depression (OR 0.22, 95% CI [0.14–0.36]). There was no difference in the risk of developing postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) (OR 0.65, 95% CI [0.15–2.79]) and dizziness (OR 0.93, 95% CI [0.53–1.61]) between the remimazolam and propofol groups. Using remimazolam for procedural sedation is significantly associated with less injection pain compared to propofol (OR 0.06, 95% CI [0.03–0.13]). Regarding the sedation efficacy, there was no difference in sedation success rate or time to loss of consciousness, recover and discharge between the remimazolam and the propofol groups. Conclusions Based on our meta-analysis, patients receiving procedural sedation with remimazolam had lower risk of bradycardia, hypotension, respiratory depression and injection pain compared with propofol. On the other hand, there was no difference in sedation success rate, risk of PONV, dizziness, time to LOC, recovery and discharge between these two sedatives. PROSPERO registration number CRD42022362…
bibliographic citation: Chang et al. (2023) Remimazolam versus propofol for procedural sedation: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. PeerJ 11:e15495 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.15495
date submitted: 2023-03-20
date accepted: 2023-05-11
issued: 2023-06-12
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Chang
  given name: Yu
author list: Agent
  family name: Huang
  given name: Yun-Ting
author list: Agent
  family name: Chi
  given name: Kuan-Yu
author list: Agent
  family name: Huang
  given name: Yen-Ta
doi: 10.7717/peerj.15495
volume: 11
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2023-06-12
copyright: ©2023 Chang et al.
attribution name: Chang et al.

Analysis of brain activation and wave frequencies during a sentence completion task: a paradigm used with EEG in aphasic participants
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Aphasia is a language disorder that occurs after brain injury and directly affects an individual’s communication. The incidence of stroke increases with age, and one-third of people who have had a stroke develop aphasia. The severity of aphasia changes over time and some aspects of language may improve, while others remain compromised. Battery task training strategies are used in the rehabilitation of aphasics. The idea of this research is to use electroencephalography (EEG) as a non-invasive method, of electrophysiological monitoring, with a group of aphasic patients in rehabilitation process in a prevention and rehabilitation unit of the person with disabilities of the Unified Health System (SUS), of reference in the state of Bahia-Brazil. In this study, the goal is to analyze brain activation and wave frequencies of aphasic individuals during a sentence completion task, to possibly assist health professionals with the analysis of the aphasic subject’s rehabilitation and task redefinition. We adopted the functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) paradigm, proposed by the American Society for Functional Neuroradiology as a reference paradigm. We applied the paradigm in the group of aphasics with preserved comprehension, right hemiparesis, and left hemisphere injured or affected by stroke. We analyzed four electrodes (F3/F4 and F7/F8) corresponding to the left/right frontal cortex. Preliminary results of this study indicate a more robust activation in the right hemisphere (average of aphasics), with a difference of approximately 14% higher in Theta and Alpha frequencies, with 8% higher in low Beta (BetaL) and with approximately 1% higher in high Beta frequency (BetaH), Gamma frequency was higher by approximately 3% in the left hemisphere of the brain. The difference in electrical activation may be revealing to us a migration of language to the non-language dominant hemisphere. We point to possible evidence suggesting that EEG may be a promising tool for monitorin…
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Claudia Lima
creator: Jeferson Andris Lopes
creator: Victor Souza
creator: Sarah Barros
creator: Ingrid Winkler
creator: Valter Senna
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Psychiatry and Psychology
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.15518
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2023 Lima et al.
abstract: Aphasia is a language disorder that occurs after brain injury and directly affects an individual’s communication. The incidence of stroke increases with age, and one-third of people who have had a stroke develop aphasia. The severity of aphasia changes over time and some aspects of language may improve, while others remain compromised. Battery task training strategies are used in the rehabilitation of aphasics. The idea of this research is to use electroencephalography (EEG) as a non-invasive method, of electrophysiological monitoring, with a group of aphasic patients in rehabilitation process in a prevention and rehabilitation unit of the person with disabilities of the Unified Health System (SUS), of reference in the state of Bahia-Brazil. In this study, the goal is to analyze brain activation and wave frequencies of aphasic individuals during a sentence completion task, to possibly assist health professionals with the analysis of the aphasic subject’s rehabilitation and task redefinition. We adopted the functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) paradigm, proposed by the American Society for Functional Neuroradiology as a reference paradigm. We applied the paradigm in the group of aphasics with preserved comprehension, right hemiparesis, and left hemisphere injured or affected by stroke. We analyzed four electrodes (F3/F4 and F7/F8) corresponding to the left/right frontal cortex. Preliminary results of this study indicate a more robust activation in the right hemisphere (average of aphasics), with a difference of approximately 14% higher in Theta and Alpha frequencies, with 8% higher in low Beta (BetaL) and with approximately 1% higher in high Beta frequency (BetaH), Gamma frequency was higher by approximately 3% in the left hemisphere of the brain. The difference in electrical activation may be revealing to us a migration of language to the non-language dominant hemisphere. We point to possible evidence suggesting that EEG may be a promising tool for monitorin…
bibliographic citation: Lima et al. (2023) Analysis of brain activation and wave frequencies during a sentence completion task: a paradigm used with EEG in aphasic participants. PeerJ 11:e15518 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.15518
date submitted: 2022-12-14
date accepted: 2023-05-15
issued: 2023-06-12
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Lima
  given name: Claudia
author list: Agent
  family name: Lopes
  given name: Jeferson Andris
author list: Agent
  family name: Souza
  given name: Victor
author list: Agent
  family name: Barros
  given name: Sarah
author list: Agent
  family name: Winkler
  given name: Ingrid
author list: Agent
  family name: Senna
  given name: Valter
doi: 10.7717/peerj.15518
volume: 11
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2023-06-12
copyright: © 2023 Lima et al.
attribution name: Lima et al.

Development of a real-time PCR (qPCR) method for the identification of the invasive paddle crab Charybdis japonica (Crustacea, Portunidae)
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Crabs can be transported beyond their native range via anthropogenic-mediated means such as aquarium trade, live seafood trade and shipping. Once introduced into new locations, they can establish persisting populations and become invasive, often leading to negative impacts on the recipient environment and native species. Molecular techniques are increasingly being used as complementary tools in biosecurity surveillance and monitoring plans for invasive species. Molecular tools can be particularly useful for early detection, rapid identification and discrimination of closely related species, including when diagnostic morphological characters are absent or challenging, such as early life stages, or when only part of the animal is available. In this study, we developed a species-specific qPCR assay, which targets the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (CO1) region of the Asian paddle crab Charybdis japonica. In Australia, as well as many parts of the world, this species is considered invasive and routine biosecurity surveillance is conducted to reduce the risk of establishment. Through rigorous testing of tissue from target and non-target species we demonstrate that this assay is sensitive enough to detect as little as two copies per reaction and does not cross amplify with other closely related species. Field samples and environmental samples spiked with C. japonica DNA in high and low concentrations indicate that this assay is also a promising tool for detecting trace amounts of C. japonica eDNA in complex substrates, making it a useful complementary tool in marine biosecurity assessments.
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Tiffany JS Simpson
creator: Claire M. Wellington
creator: Sherralee S. Lukehurst
creator: Roger Huerlimann
creator: Heather Veilleux
creator: Michael Snow
creator: Joana Dias
creator: Justin I. McDonald
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Zoology
subject: Natural Resource Management
subject: Environmental Impacts
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.15522
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2023 Simpson et al.
abstract: Crabs can be transported beyond their native range via anthropogenic-mediated means such as aquarium trade, live seafood trade and shipping. Once introduced into new locations, they can establish persisting populations and become invasive, often leading to negative impacts on the recipient environment and native species. Molecular techniques are increasingly being used as complementary tools in biosecurity surveillance and monitoring plans for invasive species. Molecular tools can be particularly useful for early detection, rapid identification and discrimination of closely related species, including when diagnostic morphological characters are absent or challenging, such as early life stages, or when only part of the animal is available. In this study, we developed a species-specific qPCR assay, which targets the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (CO1) region of the Asian paddle crab Charybdis japonica. In Australia, as well as many parts of the world, this species is considered invasive and routine biosecurity surveillance is conducted to reduce the risk of establishment. Through rigorous testing of tissue from target and non-target species we demonstrate that this assay is sensitive enough to detect as little as two copies per reaction and does not cross amplify with other closely related species. Field samples and environmental samples spiked with C. japonica DNA in high and low concentrations indicate that this assay is also a promising tool for detecting trace amounts of C. japonica eDNA in complex substrates, making it a useful complementary tool in marine biosecurity assessments.
bibliographic citation: Simpson et al. (2023) Development of a real-time PCR (qPCR) method for the identification of the invasive paddle crab Charybdis japonica (Crustacea, Portunidae). PeerJ 11:e15522 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.15522
date submitted: 2022-10-13
date accepted: 2023-05-17
issued: 2023-06-12
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Simpson
  given name: Tiffany JS
author list: Agent
  family name: Wellington
  given name: Claire M.
author list: Agent
  family name: Lukehurst
  given name: Sherralee S.
author list: Agent
  family name: Huerlimann
  given name: Roger
author list: Agent
  family name: Veilleux
  given name: Heather
author list: Agent
  family name: Snow
  given name: Michael
author list: Agent
  family name: Dias
  given name: Joana
author list: Agent
  family name: McDonald
  given name: Justin I.
doi: 10.7717/peerj.15522
volume: 11
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2023-06-12
copyright: © 2023 Simpson et al.
attribution name: Simpson et al.

PeerJ
type: Periodical
uri: PeerJ
issn: 2167-8359