PeerJ
type: channel
link: https://peerj.com/articles/
description: Articles published in PeerJ
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
publication name: PeerJ
issn: 2167-8359
items: AMHconverter: an online tool for converting results between the different anti-Müllerian hormone assays of Roche Elecsys®, Beckman Access, and Kangrun
items: Development of rapid and cost-effective multiplex PCR assays to differentiate catfish of the genus Brachyplatystoma (Pimelodidae–Siluriformes) sold in Brazil
items: Morpho-biochemical characterization and molecular marker based genetic diversity of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.)
items: Predictors of cognitive impairment in patients undergoing ileostomy for colorectal cancer: a retrospective analysis
items: Determinants of acute undernutrition among pregnant women attending primary healthcare unit in Chinaksen District, Eastern Ethiopia: a case-control study
items: The diagnostic value of serum insulin-like growth factor binding protein 7 in gastric cancer
items: Exploring forearm muscle coordination and training applications of various grip positions during maximal isometric finger dead-hangs in rock climbers
items: Ferroptosis-associated gene CISD2 suppresses colon cancer development by regulating tumor immune microenvironment
items: Land use scenarios, seasonality, and stream identity determine the water physicochemistry of tropical cloud forest streams
items: Development and validation of a nomogram to predict protein-energy wasting in patients with peritoneal dialysis: a multicenter cohort study

AMHconverter: an online tool for converting results between the different anti-Müllerian hormone assays of Roche Elecsys®, Beckman Access, and Kangrun
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Background The anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is gaining attention as a key factor in determining ovarian reserve and polycystic ovarian syndrome, and its clinical applications are becoming more widespread worldwide. Objective To identify the most accurate formula for converting AMH assay results between different platforms, so that the developed AMH converter can be used to reduce the need for multiple AMH tests at different hospitals. Methods Assuming that the Beckman Access, Kangrun, and Roche Elecsys® AMH assays fit a linear relationship from the lowest to the highest concentration (a global relationship), we used Passing–Bablok regression to determine the conversion equation between each two assays. When the relationship between two AMH assays was a local one, spline regression was used. Bland–Altman plots were drawn to check systemic bias and heterogeneity of variance across different ranges of values. The fitting effects of the models were evaluated using the squared coefficient of determination (r2), adjusted r2, root mean square error (RMSE), Akaike information criterion (AIC), and corrected AIC. Results The coefficient of variance for multiple controls in the Kangrun, Roche, and Beckman assays was lower than 5%, and the bias of multiple controls was lower than 7%. A global linear relationship was observed between the Kangrun and Roche assays, with the intercept being zero, for which Passing-Bablok regression was employed for data conversion between the two platforms. For the other two pairs of platforms, i.e., Roche and Kangrun or Beckman and Kangrun, spline regression was applied, with the intercepts not including zero. The six corresponding formulas were developed into an online AMH converter (http://121.43.113.123:8006/). Conclusion This is the first time Passing–Bablok plus spline regression has been used to convert AMH concentrations from one assay to another. The formulas have been developed into an online tool, which makes them convenient to use in pr…
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Huiyu Xu
creator: Guoshuang Feng
creator: Congcong Ma
creator: Yong Han
creator: Jiansuo Zhou
creator: Jiatian Song
creator: Yuan Su
creator: Qun Zhong
creator: Fenghua Chen
creator: Liyan Cui
creator: Rong Li
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Diabetes and Endocrinology
subject: Gynecology and Obstetrics
subject: Hematology
subject: Women’s Health
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.15301
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2023 Xu et al.
abstract: Background The anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is gaining attention as a key factor in determining ovarian reserve and polycystic ovarian syndrome, and its clinical applications are becoming more widespread worldwide. Objective To identify the most accurate formula for converting AMH assay results between different platforms, so that the developed AMH converter can be used to reduce the need for multiple AMH tests at different hospitals. Methods Assuming that the Beckman Access, Kangrun, and Roche Elecsys® AMH assays fit a linear relationship from the lowest to the highest concentration (a global relationship), we used Passing–Bablok regression to determine the conversion equation between each two assays. When the relationship between two AMH assays was a local one, spline regression was used. Bland–Altman plots were drawn to check systemic bias and heterogeneity of variance across different ranges of values. The fitting effects of the models were evaluated using the squared coefficient of determination (r2), adjusted r2, root mean square error (RMSE), Akaike information criterion (AIC), and corrected AIC. Results The coefficient of variance for multiple controls in the Kangrun, Roche, and Beckman assays was lower than 5%, and the bias of multiple controls was lower than 7%. A global linear relationship was observed between the Kangrun and Roche assays, with the intercept being zero, for which Passing-Bablok regression was employed for data conversion between the two platforms. For the other two pairs of platforms, i.e., Roche and Kangrun or Beckman and Kangrun, spline regression was applied, with the intercepts not including zero. The six corresponding formulas were developed into an online AMH converter (http://121.43.113.123:8006/). Conclusion This is the first time Passing–Bablok plus spline regression has been used to convert AMH concentrations from one assay to another. The formulas have been developed into an online tool, which makes them convenient to use in pr…
bibliographic citation: Xu et al. (2023) AMHconverter: an online tool for converting results between the different anti-Müllerian hormone assays of Roche Elecsys®, Beckman Access, and Kangrun. PeerJ 11:e15301 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.15301
date submitted: 2022-11-02
date accepted: 2023-04-05
issued: 2023-06-05
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Xu
  given name: Huiyu
author list: Agent
  family name: Feng
  given name: Guoshuang
author list: Agent
  family name: Ma
  given name: Congcong
author list: Agent
  family name: Han
  given name: Yong
author list: Agent
  family name: Zhou
  given name: Jiansuo
author list: Agent
  family name: Song
  given name: Jiatian
author list: Agent
  family name: Su
  given name: Yuan
author list: Agent
  family name: Zhong
  given name: Qun
author list: Agent
  family name: Chen
  given name: Fenghua
author list: Agent
  family name: Cui
  given name: Liyan
author list: Agent
  family name: Li
  given name: Rong
doi: 10.7717/peerj.15301
volume: 11
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2023-06-05
copyright: ©2023 Xu et al.
attribution name: Xu et al.

Development of rapid and cost-effective multiplex PCR assays to differentiate catfish of the genus Brachyplatystoma (Pimelodidae–Siluriformes) sold in Brazil
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: The catfishes Brachyplatystoma filamentosum (Kumakuma), Brachyplatystoma vaillantii (Laulao catfish), and Brachyplatystoma rousseauxii (gilded catfish) are important fishery resources in Brazil, where they are sold both fresh and in the form of fillets or steaks. These species have morphological similarities, thus, they can be easily misidentified or substituted, especially after processed. Therefore, accurate, sensitive, and reliable methods are needed for the identification of these species to avoid commercial fraud. In the present study, we develop two multiplex PCR assays for the identification of the three catfish species. Each multiplex protocol combined three species-specific forward primers and a universal reverse primer to produce banding patterns able to discriminate the target species unequivocally. The length of the cytochrome C oxidase subunit I (COI) fragments was approximately 254 bp for B. rousseauxii, 405 bp for B. vaillantii, and 466 bp for B. filamentosum, while the control region (CR) assay produced fragments of approximately 290 bp for B. filamentosum, 451 bp for B. vaillantii, and 580 bp for B. rousseauxii. The protocols were sensitive enough to detect the target species at a DNA concentration of 1 ng/µL, with the exception of the CR of B. vaillantii, in which the fragment was only detectable at 10 ng/µL. Therefore, the multiplex assays developed in the present study were sensitive, accurate, efficient, rapid, and cost-effective for the unequivocal identification of the target species of Brachyplatystoma. They can be utilized by fish processing industries to certify their products, or by government agencies to authenticate products and prevent fraudulent commercial substitutions.
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Leilane Freitas
creator: Andressa J. Barbosa
creator: Bianca A. Vale
creator: Iracilda Sampaio
creator: Simoni Santos
subject: Aquaculture, Fisheries and Fish Science
subject: Biodiversity
subject: Food Science and Technology
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.15364
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2023 Freitas et al.
abstract: The catfishes Brachyplatystoma filamentosum (Kumakuma), Brachyplatystoma vaillantii (Laulao catfish), and Brachyplatystoma rousseauxii (gilded catfish) are important fishery resources in Brazil, where they are sold both fresh and in the form of fillets or steaks. These species have morphological similarities, thus, they can be easily misidentified or substituted, especially after processed. Therefore, accurate, sensitive, and reliable methods are needed for the identification of these species to avoid commercial fraud. In the present study, we develop two multiplex PCR assays for the identification of the three catfish species. Each multiplex protocol combined three species-specific forward primers and a universal reverse primer to produce banding patterns able to discriminate the target species unequivocally. The length of the cytochrome C oxidase subunit I (COI) fragments was approximately 254 bp for B. rousseauxii, 405 bp for B. vaillantii, and 466 bp for B. filamentosum, while the control region (CR) assay produced fragments of approximately 290 bp for B. filamentosum, 451 bp for B. vaillantii, and 580 bp for B. rousseauxii. The protocols were sensitive enough to detect the target species at a DNA concentration of 1 ng/µL, with the exception of the CR of B. vaillantii, in which the fragment was only detectable at 10 ng/µL. Therefore, the multiplex assays developed in the present study were sensitive, accurate, efficient, rapid, and cost-effective for the unequivocal identification of the target species of Brachyplatystoma. They can be utilized by fish processing industries to certify their products, or by government agencies to authenticate products and prevent fraudulent commercial substitutions.
bibliographic citation: Freitas et al. (2023) Development of rapid and cost-effective multiplex PCR assays to differentiate catfish of the genus Brachyplatystoma (Pimelodidae–Siluriformes) sold in Brazil. PeerJ 11:e15364 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.15364
date submitted: 2023-01-25
date accepted: 2023-04-16
issued: 2023-06-05
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Freitas
  given name: Leilane
author list: Agent
  family name: Barbosa
  given name: Andressa J.
author list: Agent
  family name: Vale
  given name: Bianca A.
author list: Agent
  family name: Sampaio
  given name: Iracilda
author list: Agent
  family name: Santos
  given name: Simoni
doi: 10.7717/peerj.15364
volume: 11
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2023-06-05
copyright: ©2023 Freitas et al.
attribution name: Freitas et al.

Morpho-biochemical characterization and molecular marker based genetic diversity of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.)
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Pearl millet is a key food for millions living in semi-arid and arid regions and is a main diet for poorer populations. The genetic diversity existing in the pearl millet germplasm can be used to improve the micronutrient content and grain yield. Effective and organized exploitation of diversity at morphological and DNA levels is the strategy for any crop improvement program. In this study, the genetic diversity of 48 pearl millet genotypes was evaluated for eight morphological traits and eleven biochemical characters. All genotypes were also characterized using twelve SSR and six SRAP markers to evaluate genetic diversity. The significant mean difference between morphological and biochemical traits were detected. The productive tillers per plant varied from 2.65 to 7.60 with a mean of 4.80. The grain yield of genotypes varied more than 3× from 15.85 g (ICMR 07222) to 56.75 g (Nandi 75) with an average of 29.54 g per plant. Higher levels of protein, iron, and zinc contents were found to be present in ICMR 12555 (20.6%), ICMR 08666 (77.38 ppm), and IC 139900 (55.48 ppm), respectively, during the experiment. Substantial variability was observed for grain calcium as it ranged from 100.00 ppm (ICMR 10222) to 256.00 ppm (ICMR 12888). The top eight nutrient-dense genotypes flowered in 34–74 days and had 5.71–9.39 g 1,000 grain weight. Genotype ICMR 08666 was superior for Fe, Zn, K and P. The inter-genotype similarity coefficient at the genetic level, generated using DNA markers, ranged from 0.616 to 0.877 with a mean of 0.743. A combination of morpho-biochemical traits and DNA markers based diversity may help to differentiate the genotypes and diverse genotypes can be used in breeding programs to improve the mineral content in pearl millet.
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Darshanaben F. Gunguniya
creator: Sushil Kumar
creator: Mukesh P. Patel
creator: Amar A. Sakure
creator: Rumit Patel
creator: Dileep Kumar
creator: Vikas Khandelwal
subject: Agricultural Science
subject: Genetics
subject: Plant Science
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.15403
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2023 Gunguniya et al.
abstract: Pearl millet is a key food for millions living in semi-arid and arid regions and is a main diet for poorer populations. The genetic diversity existing in the pearl millet germplasm can be used to improve the micronutrient content and grain yield. Effective and organized exploitation of diversity at morphological and DNA levels is the strategy for any crop improvement program. In this study, the genetic diversity of 48 pearl millet genotypes was evaluated for eight morphological traits and eleven biochemical characters. All genotypes were also characterized using twelve SSR and six SRAP markers to evaluate genetic diversity. The significant mean difference between morphological and biochemical traits were detected. The productive tillers per plant varied from 2.65 to 7.60 with a mean of 4.80. The grain yield of genotypes varied more than 3× from 15.85 g (ICMR 07222) to 56.75 g (Nandi 75) with an average of 29.54 g per plant. Higher levels of protein, iron, and zinc contents were found to be present in ICMR 12555 (20.6%), ICMR 08666 (77.38 ppm), and IC 139900 (55.48 ppm), respectively, during the experiment. Substantial variability was observed for grain calcium as it ranged from 100.00 ppm (ICMR 10222) to 256.00 ppm (ICMR 12888). The top eight nutrient-dense genotypes flowered in 34–74 days and had 5.71–9.39 g 1,000 grain weight. Genotype ICMR 08666 was superior for Fe, Zn, K and P. The inter-genotype similarity coefficient at the genetic level, generated using DNA markers, ranged from 0.616 to 0.877 with a mean of 0.743. A combination of morpho-biochemical traits and DNA markers based diversity may help to differentiate the genotypes and diverse genotypes can be used in breeding programs to improve the mineral content in pearl millet.
bibliographic citation: Gunguniya et al. (2023) Morpho-biochemical characterization and molecular marker based genetic diversity of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.). PeerJ 11:e15403 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.15403
date submitted: 2023-01-30
date accepted: 2023-04-20
issued: 2023-06-05
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Gunguniya
  given name: Darshanaben F.
author list: Agent
  family name: Kumar
  given name: Sushil
author list: Agent
  family name: Patel
  given name: Mukesh P.
author list: Agent
  family name: Sakure
  given name: Amar A.
author list: Agent
  family name: Patel
  given name: Rumit
author list: Agent
  family name: Kumar
  given name: Dileep
author list: Agent
  family name: Khandelwal
  given name: Vikas
doi: 10.7717/peerj.15403
volume: 11
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2023-06-05
copyright: ©2023 Gunguniya et al.
attribution name: Gunguniya et al.

Predictors of cognitive impairment in patients undergoing ileostomy for colorectal cancer: a retrospective analysis
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Background Early detection of cognitive impairment in patients undergoing ileostomy for colorectal cancer may help improve patient outcomes and quality of life. Identifying risk factors and clinically accessible factors is crucial for prevention and treatment. Objective This retrospective study aimed to identify risk factors for post-operative cognitive impairment in patients undergoing ileostomy for colorectal cancer and to explore potential factors for its prevention and treatment. Methods A total of 108 cases were selected and included in the study. Patient data including general characteristics, disease stage, complications, and chemotherapy status were collected, and sleep quality and cognitive function were assessed using questionnaires and follow-up. Patients were randomly divided into training and validation groups. A random forest model was used to rank clinical features based on their contribution to predicting the prognosis of cancer-related cognitive impairment (CRCI). Nomograms were constructed using the support vector machine–recursive feature elimination (SVM-RFE) method, and the minimal root-mean-square error (RMSE) values were compared to select the best model. Regression analysis was performed to determine independent predictors. Results Significant differences were observed in age, body mass index (BMI), alcohol consumption, frequency of physical activity, comorbidity, and cancer-related anemia (CRA) between the CRCI and non-CRCI groups. Random forest analysis revealed that age, BMI, exercise intensity, PSQI scores, and history of hypertension were the most significant predictors of outcome. Univariate logistic regression analysis of 18 variables revealed that age, alcohol consumption, exercise intensity, BMI, and comorbidity were significantly associated with the outcome of CRCI (p < 0.05). Univariate and multivariate models with P-values less than 0.1 and 0.2, respectively, showed better predictive performance for CRCI. The results of univariate…
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Jing Xu
creator: Yuelan Yang
creator: Die Hu
subject: Bioinformatics
subject: Cognitive Disorders
subject: Neurology
subject: Orthopedics
subject: Rehabilitation
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.15405
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2023 Xu et al.
abstract: Background Early detection of cognitive impairment in patients undergoing ileostomy for colorectal cancer may help improve patient outcomes and quality of life. Identifying risk factors and clinically accessible factors is crucial for prevention and treatment. Objective This retrospective study aimed to identify risk factors for post-operative cognitive impairment in patients undergoing ileostomy for colorectal cancer and to explore potential factors for its prevention and treatment. Methods A total of 108 cases were selected and included in the study. Patient data including general characteristics, disease stage, complications, and chemotherapy status were collected, and sleep quality and cognitive function were assessed using questionnaires and follow-up. Patients were randomly divided into training and validation groups. A random forest model was used to rank clinical features based on their contribution to predicting the prognosis of cancer-related cognitive impairment (CRCI). Nomograms were constructed using the support vector machine–recursive feature elimination (SVM-RFE) method, and the minimal root-mean-square error (RMSE) values were compared to select the best model. Regression analysis was performed to determine independent predictors. Results Significant differences were observed in age, body mass index (BMI), alcohol consumption, frequency of physical activity, comorbidity, and cancer-related anemia (CRA) between the CRCI and non-CRCI groups. Random forest analysis revealed that age, BMI, exercise intensity, PSQI scores, and history of hypertension were the most significant predictors of outcome. Univariate logistic regression analysis of 18 variables revealed that age, alcohol consumption, exercise intensity, BMI, and comorbidity were significantly associated with the outcome of CRCI (p < 0.05). Univariate and multivariate models with P-values less than 0.1 and 0.2, respectively, showed better predictive performance for CRCI. The results of univariate…
bibliographic citation: Xu et al. (2023) Predictors of cognitive impairment in patients undergoing ileostomy for colorectal cancer: a retrospective analysis. PeerJ 11:e15405 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.15405
date submitted: 2023-01-18
date accepted: 2023-04-21
issued: 2023-06-05
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Xu
  given name: Jing
author list: Agent
  family name: Yang
  given name: Yuelan
author list: Agent
  family name: Hu
  given name: Die
doi: 10.7717/peerj.15405
volume: 11
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2023-06-05
copyright: ©2023 Xu et al.
attribution name: Xu et al.

Determinants of acute undernutrition among pregnant women attending primary healthcare unit in Chinaksen District, Eastern Ethiopia: a case-control study
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Background Women’s undernutrition during pregnancy increases the risks and burdens of maternal and neonatal morbidity, death, and disability through its vicious cycles of irreversible intergenerational negative effects. Despite the high burden of maternal undernutrition during pregnancy in semi-pastoral communities of eastern Ethiopia, there is a paucity of information on its major risk factors. This study revealed determinants of acute undernutrition among pregnant women attending primary healthcare units in Chinaksen district in rural eastern Ethiopia. Method A facility-based case-control study was conducted among 113 cases and 113 controls in Chinaksen district from February 01 to March 30, 2017. Data were entered using EpiData version 3.1 and analyzed using SPSS version 24. Multivariable logistic regression analyses conducted to identify significant determinants of acute undernutrition. Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with a 95% confidence interval was used to report the strength of association and statistical significance declared at p value < 0.05. Results Sixty (53.1%) of cases and 56 (49.6%) of controls were in the age group of 25-34 years and their mean ± SD age of cases and controls were 26.6 ± 5.7 and 28 ± 5.5 years, respectively. In this study, larger family size (AOR = 6.98, 95 CI [2.82–17.27]), lack of prenatal dietary advice (AOR = 3.68, 95% CI [1.67–8.00]), did not participate in a cooking demonstration (AOR = 5.41, 95% CI [2.39–12.24]), used substances (AOR = 3.65, 95% CI [1.30–10.23]), absence of basic latrine (AOR = 2.91, 95% CI [1.28–6.58]), low minimum dietary diversity of women (AOR = 2.48, 95% CI [1.20–5.12]), and household food insecurity (AOR = 3.06, 95% CI [1.44–6.51]) were significantly increased the odds of acute undernutrition among pregnant women. Conclusions The study revealed that living in crowded families, lack prenatal dietary advice, did not participate in cooking demonstrations, substances use; lack of toilet, low minimum dietary diver…
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Hassen Abdi Adem
creator: Ahmedin Aliyi Usso
creator: Habtemu Jarso Hebo
creator: Abdulhalik Workicho
creator: Fila Ahmed
subject: Global Health
subject: Nutrition
subject: Public Health
subject: Women’s Health
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.15416
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2023 Adem et al.
abstract: Background Women’s undernutrition during pregnancy increases the risks and burdens of maternal and neonatal morbidity, death, and disability through its vicious cycles of irreversible intergenerational negative effects. Despite the high burden of maternal undernutrition during pregnancy in semi-pastoral communities of eastern Ethiopia, there is a paucity of information on its major risk factors. This study revealed determinants of acute undernutrition among pregnant women attending primary healthcare units in Chinaksen district in rural eastern Ethiopia. Method A facility-based case-control study was conducted among 113 cases and 113 controls in Chinaksen district from February 01 to March 30, 2017. Data were entered using EpiData version 3.1 and analyzed using SPSS version 24. Multivariable logistic regression analyses conducted to identify significant determinants of acute undernutrition. Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with a 95% confidence interval was used to report the strength of association and statistical significance declared at p value < 0.05. Results Sixty (53.1%) of cases and 56 (49.6%) of controls were in the age group of 25-34 years and their mean ± SD age of cases and controls were 26.6 ± 5.7 and 28 ± 5.5 years, respectively. In this study, larger family size (AOR = 6.98, 95 CI [2.82–17.27]), lack of prenatal dietary advice (AOR = 3.68, 95% CI [1.67–8.00]), did not participate in a cooking demonstration (AOR = 5.41, 95% CI [2.39–12.24]), used substances (AOR = 3.65, 95% CI [1.30–10.23]), absence of basic latrine (AOR = 2.91, 95% CI [1.28–6.58]), low minimum dietary diversity of women (AOR = 2.48, 95% CI [1.20–5.12]), and household food insecurity (AOR = 3.06, 95% CI [1.44–6.51]) were significantly increased the odds of acute undernutrition among pregnant women. Conclusions The study revealed that living in crowded families, lack prenatal dietary advice, did not participate in cooking demonstrations, substances use; lack of toilet, low minimum dietary diver…
bibliographic citation: Adem et al. (2023) Determinants of acute undernutrition among pregnant women attending primary healthcare unit in Chinaksen District, Eastern Ethiopia: a case-control study. PeerJ 11:e15416 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.15416
date submitted: 2022-09-19
date accepted: 2023-04-24
issued: 2023-06-05
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Adem
  given name: Hassen Abdi
author list: Agent
  family name: Usso
  given name: Ahmedin Aliyi
author list: Agent
  family name: Hebo
  given name: Habtemu Jarso
author list: Agent
  family name: Workicho
  given name: Abdulhalik
author list: Agent
  family name: Ahmed
  given name: Fila
doi: 10.7717/peerj.15416
volume: 11
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2023-06-05
copyright: ©2023 Adem et al.
attribution name: Adem et al.

The diagnostic value of serum insulin-like growth factor binding protein 7 in gastric cancer
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Backgrounds Early detection might help in reducing the burden and promoting the survival rate of gastric cancers. Herein, we tried to explore the diagnostic value of insulin-like growth factor binding protein 7 (IGFBP7) in gastric cancers. Methods In this study, we first analyzed the expression levels and prognostic value of IGFBP7 mRNA in gastric cancers from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Then, we recruited 169 gastric cancer patients and 100 normal controls as training cohort, and 55 gastric cancer patients and 55 normal controls as independent validation cohort. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was applied to test the serum levels of IGFBP7. The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) and the area under the curve (AUC) were applied to evaluation the diagnostic value. Results TCGA showed that IGFBP7 mRNA was dysregulated and associated with prognosis in gastric cancer patients. Then, we examined the expression of serum IGFBP7 and found that serum IGFBP7 expressed lower in gastric cancer patients than normal controls both in training and independent validation cohorts (p < 0.0001). In training cohort, with the cutoff value of 1.515 ng/ml, the AUC for distinguishing gastric cancer patients was 0.774 (95% CI [0.713–0.836]) with sensitivity of 36.7% (95% CI [29.5–44.5]) and specificity of 90.0% (95% CI [82.0–94.8]). As for early-stage EJA, the AUC was 0.773 (95% CI [0.701–0.845]) with the sensitivity of 33.3% (95% CI [14.4–58.8]). In independent validation cohort, with the same cutoff value, the AUC reached to 0.758 (95% CI [0.664–0.852]). Similarly, for early-stage gastric cancer diagnosis in the independent validation cohort, the AUC value was 0.778 (95% CI [0.673–0.882]). Conclusions This study indicated that serum IGFBP7 might act as a potential early diagnostic marker for gastric cancers.
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Can-Tong Liu
creator: Fang-Cai Wu
creator: Yi-Xuan Zhuang
creator: Xin-Yi Huang
creator: Xin-Hao Li
creator: Qi-Qi Qu
creator: Yu-Hui Peng
creator: Yi-Wei Xu
creator: Shu-Lin Chen
creator: Xu-Chun Huang
subject: Gastroenterology and Hepatology
subject: Oncology
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.15419
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2023 Liu et al.
abstract: Backgrounds Early detection might help in reducing the burden and promoting the survival rate of gastric cancers. Herein, we tried to explore the diagnostic value of insulin-like growth factor binding protein 7 (IGFBP7) in gastric cancers. Methods In this study, we first analyzed the expression levels and prognostic value of IGFBP7 mRNA in gastric cancers from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Then, we recruited 169 gastric cancer patients and 100 normal controls as training cohort, and 55 gastric cancer patients and 55 normal controls as independent validation cohort. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was applied to test the serum levels of IGFBP7. The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) and the area under the curve (AUC) were applied to evaluation the diagnostic value. Results TCGA showed that IGFBP7 mRNA was dysregulated and associated with prognosis in gastric cancer patients. Then, we examined the expression of serum IGFBP7 and found that serum IGFBP7 expressed lower in gastric cancer patients than normal controls both in training and independent validation cohorts (p < 0.0001). In training cohort, with the cutoff value of 1.515 ng/ml, the AUC for distinguishing gastric cancer patients was 0.774 (95% CI [0.713–0.836]) with sensitivity of 36.7% (95% CI [29.5–44.5]) and specificity of 90.0% (95% CI [82.0–94.8]). As for early-stage EJA, the AUC was 0.773 (95% CI [0.701–0.845]) with the sensitivity of 33.3% (95% CI [14.4–58.8]). In independent validation cohort, with the same cutoff value, the AUC reached to 0.758 (95% CI [0.664–0.852]). Similarly, for early-stage gastric cancer diagnosis in the independent validation cohort, the AUC value was 0.778 (95% CI [0.673–0.882]). Conclusions This study indicated that serum IGFBP7 might act as a potential early diagnostic marker for gastric cancers.
bibliographic citation: Liu et al. (2023) The diagnostic value of serum insulin-like growth factor binding protein 7 in gastric cancer. PeerJ 11:e15419 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.15419
date submitted: 2023-01-31
date accepted: 2023-04-25
issued: 2023-06-05
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Liu
  given name: Can-Tong
author list: Agent
  family name: Wu
  given name: Fang-Cai
author list: Agent
  family name: Zhuang
  given name: Yi-Xuan
author list: Agent
  family name: Huang
  given name: Xin-Yi
author list: Agent
  family name: Li
  given name: Xin-Hao
author list: Agent
  family name: Qu
  given name: Qi-Qi
author list: Agent
  family name: Peng
  given name: Yu-Hui
author list: Agent
  family name: Xu
  given name: Yi-Wei
author list: Agent
  family name: Chen
  given name: Shu-Lin
author list: Agent
  family name: Huang
  given name: Xu-Chun
doi: 10.7717/peerj.15419
volume: 11
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2023-06-05
copyright: © 2023 Liu et al.
attribution name: Liu et al.

Exploring forearm muscle coordination and training applications of various grip positions during maximal isometric finger dead-hangs in rock climbers
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Background Maximal isometric finger dead-hangs are used in rock climbing to strengthen finger flexors. Although various grip positions are often used when performing finger dead-hangs, little is known regarding how these grip positions can affect forearm muscle activity. Understanding how forearm muscles are recruited during dead-hangs could help foreseeing the potential for training of different grip positions. The aim of the present study was to explore the training applications of the various grip positions by comparing the activity of forearm muscles during maximal dead-hangs in rock climbers. Materials & Methods Twenty-five climbers performed maximal dead-hangs in three climbing-specific grip positions: CRIMP, SLOPE, and SLOPER. We recorded the maximal loads used and the sEMG of the flexor digitorum profundus (FDP), the flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS), the flexor carpi radialis (FCR), and the extensor digitorum communis (EDC). Individual and global (sum of all muscles) root mean square (RMS) and neuromuscular efficiency (NME) values were computed. Repeated measures analysis were performed to assess grip differences (p < 0.05). Results SLOPER showed the largest maximal load values among the three grip positions (p < 0.001, d ≥ 2.772). Greater global (p ≤ 0.044, d ≥ 0.268), FDS (p ≤ 0.005, d ≥ 0.277), and FCR (p < 0.001, d ≥ 1.049) activity was observed for the SLOPER compared to CRIMP and SLOPE, while EDC (p ≤ 0.005, d ≥ 0.505) showed lower activity in the SLOPER compared to the other two grip positions. SLOPER presented the highest global (p < 0.001, d ≥ 0.629), FDP (p < 0.001, d ≥ 0.777), FDS (only CRIMP vs SLOPER: p < 0.001, d = 0.140), and EDC NME (p < 0.001, d ≥ 1.194). The CRIMP showed greater FDS activity (p = 0.001, d = 0.386) and lower NME (p = 0.003, d = 0.125) compared to SLOPE. Conclusions These results revealed that, under maximum intensity conditions, SLOPER could stimulate the FDS and FCR better than the other grip positions at the expense of…
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Blai Ferrer-Uris
creator: Denisse Arias
creator: Priscila Torrado
creator: Michel Marina
creator: Albert Busquets
subject: Kinesiology
subject: Biomechanics
subject: Sports Medicine
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.15464
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2023 Ferrer-Uris et al.
abstract: Background Maximal isometric finger dead-hangs are used in rock climbing to strengthen finger flexors. Although various grip positions are often used when performing finger dead-hangs, little is known regarding how these grip positions can affect forearm muscle activity. Understanding how forearm muscles are recruited during dead-hangs could help foreseeing the potential for training of different grip positions. The aim of the present study was to explore the training applications of the various grip positions by comparing the activity of forearm muscles during maximal dead-hangs in rock climbers. Materials & Methods Twenty-five climbers performed maximal dead-hangs in three climbing-specific grip positions: CRIMP, SLOPE, and SLOPER. We recorded the maximal loads used and the sEMG of the flexor digitorum profundus (FDP), the flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS), the flexor carpi radialis (FCR), and the extensor digitorum communis (EDC). Individual and global (sum of all muscles) root mean square (RMS) and neuromuscular efficiency (NME) values were computed. Repeated measures analysis were performed to assess grip differences (p < 0.05). Results SLOPER showed the largest maximal load values among the three grip positions (p < 0.001, d ≥ 2.772). Greater global (p ≤ 0.044, d ≥ 0.268), FDS (p ≤ 0.005, d ≥ 0.277), and FCR (p < 0.001, d ≥ 1.049) activity was observed for the SLOPER compared to CRIMP and SLOPE, while EDC (p ≤ 0.005, d ≥ 0.505) showed lower activity in the SLOPER compared to the other two grip positions. SLOPER presented the highest global (p < 0.001, d ≥ 0.629), FDP (p < 0.001, d ≥ 0.777), FDS (only CRIMP vs SLOPER: p < 0.001, d = 0.140), and EDC NME (p < 0.001, d ≥ 1.194). The CRIMP showed greater FDS activity (p = 0.001, d = 0.386) and lower NME (p = 0.003, d = 0.125) compared to SLOPE. Conclusions These results revealed that, under maximum intensity conditions, SLOPER could stimulate the FDS and FCR better than the other grip positions at the expense of…
bibliographic citation: Ferrer-Uris et al. (2023) Exploring forearm muscle coordination and training applications of various grip positions during maximal isometric finger dead-hangs in rock climbers. PeerJ 11:e15464 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.15464
date submitted: 2023-02-13
date accepted: 2023-05-05
issued: 2023-06-05
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Ferrer-Uris
  given name: Blai
author list: Agent
  family name: Arias
  given name: Denisse
author list: Agent
  family name: Torrado
  given name: Priscila
author list: Agent
  family name: Marina
  given name: Michel
author list: Agent
  family name: Busquets
  given name: Albert
doi: 10.7717/peerj.15464
volume: 11
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2023-06-05
copyright: ©2023 Ferrer-Uris et al.
attribution name: Ferrer-Uris et al.

Ferroptosis-associated gene CISD2 suppresses colon cancer development by regulating tumor immune microenvironment
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Background Despite the association of ferroptosis with various tumors, the specific mechanism by which it influences colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) microenvironmental equilibrium remains elusive. This study aims to elucidate how ferroptosis affects COAD microenvironmental homeostasis and its potential impact on COAD research. Objective By employing genetic screening and single-cell analysis of tumor data, we investigated the role of ferroptosis genes in COAD microenvironmental homeostasis. The genes were correlated with immune cell infiltration in tissue samples and patient outcomes. Methods Ferroptosis-associated genes were initially identified through the FerrDb database. Utilizing the tidyverse and Seurat packages, genes with substantial expression differences were extracted, and clustering analysis was performed on the single-cell data. A Venn diagram depicted shared differential genes for ferroptosis and tumors. To screen key ferroptosis genes, further enrichment analysis and immune cell infiltration analysis were conducted. Lastly, human COAD cell lines were employed to overexpress CDGSH iron sulfur domain 2 (CISD2) through cellular assays to validate its function in COAD. Results Following screening of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) databases, 414 COAD patient samples and 341 normal samples were included. Through the FerrDb database, 259 ferroptosis genes were identified. Clustering the single-cell data revealed 911 tumor marker genes, of which 18 were ferroptosis genes. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and univariate regression analysis determined that only CISD2 was statistically significantly associated with clinical outcomes. Additionally, CISD2 was found to positively correlate with activated memory T cells and negatively correlate with regulatory T cells (Tregs) and plasma cells in COAD, as well as being significantly associated with several immune-related and cancer-related pathways. CISD2 expression was elevated in most …
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Yuanyuan Xu
creator: Qingzhu Tang
creator: Ning Ding
creator: Tao Zhang
creator: Hongbiao Luo
subject: Bioinformatics
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Gastroenterology and Hepatology
subject: Medical Genetics
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.15476
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2023 Xu et al.
abstract: Background Despite the association of ferroptosis with various tumors, the specific mechanism by which it influences colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) microenvironmental equilibrium remains elusive. This study aims to elucidate how ferroptosis affects COAD microenvironmental homeostasis and its potential impact on COAD research. Objective By employing genetic screening and single-cell analysis of tumor data, we investigated the role of ferroptosis genes in COAD microenvironmental homeostasis. The genes were correlated with immune cell infiltration in tissue samples and patient outcomes. Methods Ferroptosis-associated genes were initially identified through the FerrDb database. Utilizing the tidyverse and Seurat packages, genes with substantial expression differences were extracted, and clustering analysis was performed on the single-cell data. A Venn diagram depicted shared differential genes for ferroptosis and tumors. To screen key ferroptosis genes, further enrichment analysis and immune cell infiltration analysis were conducted. Lastly, human COAD cell lines were employed to overexpress CDGSH iron sulfur domain 2 (CISD2) through cellular assays to validate its function in COAD. Results Following screening of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) databases, 414 COAD patient samples and 341 normal samples were included. Through the FerrDb database, 259 ferroptosis genes were identified. Clustering the single-cell data revealed 911 tumor marker genes, of which 18 were ferroptosis genes. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and univariate regression analysis determined that only CISD2 was statistically significantly associated with clinical outcomes. Additionally, CISD2 was found to positively correlate with activated memory T cells and negatively correlate with regulatory T cells (Tregs) and plasma cells in COAD, as well as being significantly associated with several immune-related and cancer-related pathways. CISD2 expression was elevated in most …
bibliographic citation: Xu et al. (2023) Ferroptosis-associated gene CISD2 suppresses colon cancer development by regulating tumor immune microenvironment. PeerJ 11:e15476 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.15476
date submitted: 2023-02-07
date accepted: 2023-05-08
issued: 2023-06-05
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Xu
  given name: Yuanyuan
author list: Agent
  family name: Tang
  given name: Qingzhu
author list: Agent
  family name: Ding
  given name: Ning
author list: Agent
  family name: Zhang
  given name: Tao
author list: Agent
  family name: Luo
  given name: Hongbiao
doi: 10.7717/peerj.15476
volume: 11
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2023-06-05
copyright: © 2023 Xu et al.
attribution name: Xu et al.

Land use scenarios, seasonality, and stream identity determine the water physicochemistry of tropical cloud forest streams
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Background Land use is a major factor determining stream water physicochemistry. However, most streams move from one land use type to another as they drain their watersheds. Here, we studied three land use scenarios in a tropical cloud forest zone in Mexico. We addressed three main goals, to: (1) assess how land use scenarios generate different patterns in stream physicochemical characteristics; (2) explore how seasonality (i.e., dry, dry-to-wet transition, and wet seasons) might result in changes to those patterns over the year; and (3) explore whether physicochemical patterns in different scenarios resulted in effects on biotic components (e.g., algal biomass). Methods We studied Tropical Mountain Cloud Forest streams in La Antigua watershed, Mexico. Streams drained different three scenarios, streams with (1) an upstream section draining forest followed by a pasture section (F-P), (2) an upstream section in pasture followed by a forest section (P-F), and (3) an upstream forest section followed by coffee plantation (F-C). Physicochemistry was determined at the upstream and downstream sections, and at the boundary between land uses. Measurements were seasonal, including temperature, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, and pH. Water was analyzed for suspended solids, alkalinity, silica, chloride, sulfate, magnesium, sodium, and potassium. Nutrients included ammonium, nitrate, and phosphorus. We measured benthic and suspended organic matter and chlorophyll. Results Streams presented strong seasonality, with the highest discharge and suspended solids during the wet season. Scenarios and streams within each scenario had distinct physicochemical signatures. All three streams within each scenario clustered together in ordination space and remained close to each other during all seasons. There were significant scenario-season interactions on conductivity (F = 9.5, P < 0.001), discharge (F = 56.7, P < 0.001), pH (F = 4.5, P = 0.011), Cl− (F = 12.2, P < 0.001), SO42− (F = 8.8, P…
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Gabriela Vázquez
creator: Alonso Ramírez
creator: Mario E. Favila
creator: M. Susana Alvarado-Barrientos
subject: Ecology
subject: Freshwater Biology
subject: Aquatic and Marine Chemistry
subject: Environmental Impacts
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.15487
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2023 Vázquez et al.
abstract: Background Land use is a major factor determining stream water physicochemistry. However, most streams move from one land use type to another as they drain their watersheds. Here, we studied three land use scenarios in a tropical cloud forest zone in Mexico. We addressed three main goals, to: (1) assess how land use scenarios generate different patterns in stream physicochemical characteristics; (2) explore how seasonality (i.e., dry, dry-to-wet transition, and wet seasons) might result in changes to those patterns over the year; and (3) explore whether physicochemical patterns in different scenarios resulted in effects on biotic components (e.g., algal biomass). Methods We studied Tropical Mountain Cloud Forest streams in La Antigua watershed, Mexico. Streams drained different three scenarios, streams with (1) an upstream section draining forest followed by a pasture section (F-P), (2) an upstream section in pasture followed by a forest section (P-F), and (3) an upstream forest section followed by coffee plantation (F-C). Physicochemistry was determined at the upstream and downstream sections, and at the boundary between land uses. Measurements were seasonal, including temperature, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, and pH. Water was analyzed for suspended solids, alkalinity, silica, chloride, sulfate, magnesium, sodium, and potassium. Nutrients included ammonium, nitrate, and phosphorus. We measured benthic and suspended organic matter and chlorophyll. Results Streams presented strong seasonality, with the highest discharge and suspended solids during the wet season. Scenarios and streams within each scenario had distinct physicochemical signatures. All three streams within each scenario clustered together in ordination space and remained close to each other during all seasons. There were significant scenario-season interactions on conductivity (F = 9.5, P < 0.001), discharge (F = 56.7, P < 0.001), pH (F = 4.5, P = 0.011), Cl− (F = 12.2, P < 0.001), SO42− (F = 8.8, P…
bibliographic citation: Vázquez et al. (2023) Land use scenarios, seasonality, and stream identity determine the water physicochemistry of tropical cloud forest streams. PeerJ 11:e15487 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.15487
date submitted: 2022-09-16
date accepted: 2023-05-10
issued: 2023-06-05
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Vázquez
  given name: Gabriela
author list: Agent
  family name: Ramírez
  given name: Alonso
author list: Agent
  family name: Favila
  given name: Mario E.
author list: Agent
  family name: Alvarado-Barrientos
  given name: M. Susana
doi: 10.7717/peerj.15487
volume: 11
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2023-06-05
copyright: © 2023 Vázquez et al.
attribution name: Vázquez et al.

Development and validation of a nomogram to predict protein-energy wasting in patients with peritoneal dialysis: a multicenter cohort study
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Background Protein-energy wasting (PEW) is a common complication in patients with peritoneal dialysis (PD). Few investigations involved risk factors identification and predictive model construction related to PEW. We aimed to develop a nomogram to predict PEW risk in patients with peritoneal dialysis. Methods We collected data from end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients who regularly underwent peritoneal dialysis between January 2011 and November 2022 at two hospitals retrospectively. The outcome of the nomogram was PEW. Multivariate logistic regression screened predictors and established a nomogram. We measured the predictive performance based on discrimination ability, calibration, and clinical utility. Evaluation indicators were receiver operating characteristic (ROC), calibrate curve, and decision curve analysis (DCA). The performance calculation of the internal validation cohort validated the nomogram. Results In this study, 369 enrolled patients were divided into development (n = 210) and validation (n = 159) cohorts according to the proportion of 6:4. The incidence of PEW was 49.86%. Predictors were age, dialysis duration, glucose, C-reactive protein (CRP), creatinine clearance rate (Ccr), serum creatinine (Scr), serum calcium, and triglyceride (TG). These variables showed a good discriminate performance in development and validation cohorts (ROC = 0.769, 95% CI [0.705–0.832], ROC = 0.669, 95% CI [0.585–0.753]). This nomogram was adequately calibrated. The predicted probability was consistent with the observed outcome. Conclusion This nomogram can predict the risk of PEW in patients with PD and provide valuable evidence for PEW prevention and decision-making.
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Ziwei Mei
creator: Bin Zhu
creator: Xiaoli Sun
creator: Yajie Zhou
creator: Yuanyuan Qiu
creator: Xiaolan Ye
creator: Hongjuan Zhang
creator: Chunlan Lu
creator: Jun Chen
creator: Hong Zhu
subject: Epidemiology
subject: Nephrology
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.15507
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2023 Mei et al.
abstract: Background Protein-energy wasting (PEW) is a common complication in patients with peritoneal dialysis (PD). Few investigations involved risk factors identification and predictive model construction related to PEW. We aimed to develop a nomogram to predict PEW risk in patients with peritoneal dialysis. Methods We collected data from end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients who regularly underwent peritoneal dialysis between January 2011 and November 2022 at two hospitals retrospectively. The outcome of the nomogram was PEW. Multivariate logistic regression screened predictors and established a nomogram. We measured the predictive performance based on discrimination ability, calibration, and clinical utility. Evaluation indicators were receiver operating characteristic (ROC), calibrate curve, and decision curve analysis (DCA). The performance calculation of the internal validation cohort validated the nomogram. Results In this study, 369 enrolled patients were divided into development (n = 210) and validation (n = 159) cohorts according to the proportion of 6:4. The incidence of PEW was 49.86%. Predictors were age, dialysis duration, glucose, C-reactive protein (CRP), creatinine clearance rate (Ccr), serum creatinine (Scr), serum calcium, and triglyceride (TG). These variables showed a good discriminate performance in development and validation cohorts (ROC = 0.769, 95% CI [0.705–0.832], ROC = 0.669, 95% CI [0.585–0.753]). This nomogram was adequately calibrated. The predicted probability was consistent with the observed outcome. Conclusion This nomogram can predict the risk of PEW in patients with PD and provide valuable evidence for PEW prevention and decision-making.
bibliographic citation: Mei et al. (2023) Development and validation of a nomogram to predict protein-energy wasting in patients with peritoneal dialysis: a multicenter cohort study. PeerJ 11:e15507 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.15507
date submitted: 2022-12-15
date accepted: 2023-05-15
issued: 2023-06-05
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Mei
  given name: Ziwei
author list: Agent
  family name: Zhu
  given name: Bin
author list: Agent
  family name: Sun
  given name: Xiaoli
author list: Agent
  family name: Zhou
  given name: Yajie
author list: Agent
  family name: Qiu
  given name: Yuanyuan
author list: Agent
  family name: Ye
  given name: Xiaolan
author list: Agent
  family name: Zhang
  given name: Hongjuan
author list: Agent
  family name: Lu
  given name: Chunlan
author list: Agent
  family name: Chen
  given name: Jun
author list: Agent
  family name: Zhu
  given name: Hong
doi: 10.7717/peerj.15507
volume: 11
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2023-06-05
copyright: © 2023 Mei et al.
attribution name: Mei et al.

PeerJ
type: Periodical
uri: PeerJ
issn: 2167-8359