PeerJ
type: channel
link: https://peerj.com/articles/
description: Articles published in PeerJ
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
publication name: PeerJ
issn: 2167-8359
items: Immune responses in carp strains with different susceptibility to carp edema virus disease
items: Spatio-temporal dengue risk modelling in the south of Thailand: a Bayesian approach to dengue vulnerability
items: First report of the ectomycorrhizal fungal community associated with two herbaceous plants in Inner Mongolia, China
items: Late Jurassic teeth of plesiosauroid origin from the Owadów-Brzezinki Lägerstatte, Central Poland
items: Seasonal changes characterise the shark and ray assemblages in a subtropical shallow sandy habitat in the iSimangaliso Wetland Park, South Africa
items: Current classification of zirconia in dentistry: an updated review
items: Evaluation of the effects of whitening toothpaste containing nanohydroxyapatite on surface roughness and color change in restorative materials
items: IL-17A exacerbates psoriasis in a STAT3 overexpressing mouse model
items: The force-length relation of the young adult human tibialis anterior
items: Population influences desiccation tolerance in an invasive aquatic snail, Potamopyrgus antipodarum (Tateidae, Mollusca)

Immune responses in carp strains with different susceptibility to carp edema virus disease
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Carp edema virus disease (CEVD), also known as koi sleepy disease (KSD), represents a serious threat to the carp industry. The expression of immune-related genes to CEV infections could lead to the selection of crucial biomarkers of the development of the disease. The expression of a total of eleven immune-related genes encoding cytokines (IL-1β, IL-10, IL-6a, and TNF-α2), antiviral response (Mx2), cellular receptors (CD4, CD8b1, and GzmA), immunoglobulin (IgM), and genes encoding-mucins was monitored in gills of four differently KSD-susceptible strains of carp (Amur wild carp, Amur Sasan, AS; Ropsha scaly carp, Rop; Prerov scaly carp, PS; and koi) on days 6 and 11 post-infection. Carp strains were infected through two cohabitation infection trials with CEV genogroups I or IIa. The results showed that during the infection with both CEV genogroups, KSD-susceptible koi induced an innate immune response with significant up-regulation (p < 0.05) of IL-1β, IL-10, IL-6a, and TNF-α2 genes on both 6 and 11 days post-infection (dpi) compared to the fish sampled on day 0. Compared to koi, AS and Rop strains showed up-regulation of IL-6a and TNF-α2 but no other cytokine genes. During the infection with CEV genogroup IIa, Mx2 was significantly up-regulated in all strains and peaked on 6 dpi in AS, PS, and Rop. In koi, it remained high until 11 dpi. With genogroup I infection, Mx2 was up-expressed in koi on 6 dpi and in PS on both 6 and 11 dpi. No significant differences were noticed in selected mucin genes expression measured in gills of any carp strains exposed to both CEV genogroups. During both CEV genogroups infections, the expression levels of most of the genes for T cell response, including CD4, CD8b1, and GzmA were down-regulated in AS and koi at all time points compared to day 0 control. The expression data for the above experimental trials suggest that both CEV genogroups infections in common carp strains lead to activation of the same expression pattern regardless of …
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Ali Asghar Baloch
creator: Dieter Steinhagen
creator: David Gela
creator: Martin Kocour
creator: Veronika Piačková
creator: Mikolaj Adamek
subject: Aquaculture, Fisheries and Fish Science
subject: Veterinary Medicine
subject: Virology
subject: Zoology
subject: Freshwater Biology
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.15614
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2023 Baloch et al.
abstract: Carp edema virus disease (CEVD), also known as koi sleepy disease (KSD), represents a serious threat to the carp industry. The expression of immune-related genes to CEV infections could lead to the selection of crucial biomarkers of the development of the disease. The expression of a total of eleven immune-related genes encoding cytokines (IL-1β, IL-10, IL-6a, and TNF-α2), antiviral response (Mx2), cellular receptors (CD4, CD8b1, and GzmA), immunoglobulin (IgM), and genes encoding-mucins was monitored in gills of four differently KSD-susceptible strains of carp (Amur wild carp, Amur Sasan, AS; Ropsha scaly carp, Rop; Prerov scaly carp, PS; and koi) on days 6 and 11 post-infection. Carp strains were infected through two cohabitation infection trials with CEV genogroups I or IIa. The results showed that during the infection with both CEV genogroups, KSD-susceptible koi induced an innate immune response with significant up-regulation (p < 0.05) of IL-1β, IL-10, IL-6a, and TNF-α2 genes on both 6 and 11 days post-infection (dpi) compared to the fish sampled on day 0. Compared to koi, AS and Rop strains showed up-regulation of IL-6a and TNF-α2 but no other cytokine genes. During the infection with CEV genogroup IIa, Mx2 was significantly up-regulated in all strains and peaked on 6 dpi in AS, PS, and Rop. In koi, it remained high until 11 dpi. With genogroup I infection, Mx2 was up-expressed in koi on 6 dpi and in PS on both 6 and 11 dpi. No significant differences were noticed in selected mucin genes expression measured in gills of any carp strains exposed to both CEV genogroups. During both CEV genogroups infections, the expression levels of most of the genes for T cell response, including CD4, CD8b1, and GzmA were down-regulated in AS and koi at all time points compared to day 0 control. The expression data for the above experimental trials suggest that both CEV genogroups infections in common carp strains lead to activation of the same expression pattern regardless of …
bibliographic citation: Baloch et al. (2023) Immune responses in carp strains with different susceptibility to carp edema virus disease. PeerJ 11:e15614 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.15614
date submitted: 2022-12-28
date accepted: 2023-06-01
issued: 2023-07-14
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Baloch
  given name: Ali Asghar
author list: Agent
  family name: Steinhagen
  given name: Dieter
author list: Agent
  family name: Gela
  given name: David
author list: Agent
  family name: Kocour
  given name: Martin
author list: Agent
  family name: Piačková
  given name: Veronika
author list: Agent
  family name: Adamek
  given name: Mikolaj
doi: 10.7717/peerj.15614
volume: 11
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2023-07-14
copyright: ©2023 Baloch et al.
attribution name: Baloch et al.

Spatio-temporal dengue risk modelling in the south of Thailand: a Bayesian approach to dengue vulnerability
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Background More than half of the global population is predicted to be living in areas susceptible to dengue transmission with the vast majority in Asia. Dengue fever is of public health concern, particularly in the southern region of Thailand due to favourable environmental factors for its spread. The risk of dengue infection at the population level varies in time and space among sub-populations thus, it is important to study the risk of infection considering spatio-temporal variation. Methods This study presents a joint spatio-temporal epidemiological model in a Bayesian setting using Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) simulation with the CARBayesST package of R software. For this purpose, monthly dengue records by district from 2002 to 2018 from the southern region of Thailand provided by the Ministry of Public Health of Thailand and eight environmental variables were used. Results Results show that an increasing level of temperature, number of rainy days and sea level pressure are associated with a higher occurrence of dengue fever and consequently higher incidence risk, while an increasing level of wind speed seems to suggest a protective factor. Likewise, we found that the elevated risks of dengue in the immediate future are in the districts of Phipun, Phrom Kili, Lan Saka, Phra Phrom and Chaloem Phakiat. The resulting estimates provide insights into the effects of covariate risk factors, spatio-temporal trends and dengue-related health inequalities at the district level in southern Thailand. Conclusion Possible implications are discussed considering some anthropogenic factors that could inhibit or enhance dengue occurrence. Risk maps indicated which districts are above and below baseline risk, allowing for the identification of local anomalies and high-risk boundaries. In the event of near future, the threat of elevated disease risk needs to be prevented and controlled considering the factors underlying the spread of mosquitoes in the Southeast Asian region.
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Fatima Ibrahim Abdulsalam
creator: Pablo Antúnez
creator: Warit Jawjit
subject: Epidemiology
subject: Global Health
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: Environmental Health
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.15619
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2023 Abdulsalam et al.
abstract: Background More than half of the global population is predicted to be living in areas susceptible to dengue transmission with the vast majority in Asia. Dengue fever is of public health concern, particularly in the southern region of Thailand due to favourable environmental factors for its spread. The risk of dengue infection at the population level varies in time and space among sub-populations thus, it is important to study the risk of infection considering spatio-temporal variation. Methods This study presents a joint spatio-temporal epidemiological model in a Bayesian setting using Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) simulation with the CARBayesST package of R software. For this purpose, monthly dengue records by district from 2002 to 2018 from the southern region of Thailand provided by the Ministry of Public Health of Thailand and eight environmental variables were used. Results Results show that an increasing level of temperature, number of rainy days and sea level pressure are associated with a higher occurrence of dengue fever and consequently higher incidence risk, while an increasing level of wind speed seems to suggest a protective factor. Likewise, we found that the elevated risks of dengue in the immediate future are in the districts of Phipun, Phrom Kili, Lan Saka, Phra Phrom and Chaloem Phakiat. The resulting estimates provide insights into the effects of covariate risk factors, spatio-temporal trends and dengue-related health inequalities at the district level in southern Thailand. Conclusion Possible implications are discussed considering some anthropogenic factors that could inhibit or enhance dengue occurrence. Risk maps indicated which districts are above and below baseline risk, allowing for the identification of local anomalies and high-risk boundaries. In the event of near future, the threat of elevated disease risk needs to be prevented and controlled considering the factors underlying the spread of mosquitoes in the Southeast Asian region.
bibliographic citation: Abdulsalam et al. (2023) Spatio-temporal dengue risk modelling in the south of Thailand: a Bayesian approach to dengue vulnerability. PeerJ 11:e15619 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.15619
date submitted: 2022-12-23
date accepted: 2023-06-01
issued: 2023-07-14
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Abdulsalam
  given name: Fatima Ibrahim
author list: Agent
  family name: Antúnez
  given name: Pablo
author list: Agent
  family name: Jawjit
  given name: Warit
doi: 10.7717/peerj.15619
volume: 11
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2023-07-14
copyright: ©2023 Abdulsalam et al.
attribution name: Abdulsalam et al.

First report of the ectomycorrhizal fungal community associated with two herbaceous plants in Inner Mongolia, China
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungi play a vital role in ensuring plant health, plant diversity, and ecosystem function. However, the study on fungal diversity and community assembly of EM fungi associated with herbaceous plants remains poorly understood. Thus, in our study, Carex pediformis and Polygonum divaricatum in the subalpine meadow of central Inner Mongolia, China were selected for exploring EM fungal diversity and community assembly mechanisms by using llumina MiSeq sequencing of the fungal internal transcribed spacer 2 region (ITS2). We evaluated the impact of soil, climatic, and spatial variables on EM fungal diversity and community turnover. Deterministic vs. stochastic processes for EM fungal community assembly were quantified using β-Nearest taxon index scores. The results showed that a total of 70 EM fungal OTUs belonging to 21 lineages were identified, of which Tomentella-Thelephora, Helotiales1, Tricholoma, Inocybe, Wilcoxina were the most dominant EM fungal lineages. EM fungal communities were significantly different between the two herbaceous plants and among the two sampling sites, and this difference was mainly influenced by soil organic matter (OM) content and mean annual precipitation (MAP). The neutral community model (NCM) explained 45.7% of the variations in EM fungi community assembly. A total of 99.27% of the β-Nearest Taxa Index (βNTI) value was between −2 and 2. These results suggest that the dominant role of stochastic processes in shaping EM fungal community assembly. In addition, RCbray values showed that ecological drift in stochastic processes dominantly determined community assembly of EM fungi. Overall, our study shed light on the EM fungal diversity and community assembly associated with herbaceous plants in the subalpine region of central Inner Mongolia for the first time, which provided a better understanding of the role of herbaceous EM fungi.
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Yongjun Fan
creator: Simin Xiang
creator: Jing Wang
creator: Xuan Zhang
creator: Zhimin Yu
creator: Shupeng Zhu
creator: Meng Lv
creator: Lijun Bai
creator: Luyu Han
creator: Jianjun Ma
creator: Yonglong Wang
subject: Ecology
subject: Mycology
subject: Plant Science
subject: Soil Science
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.15626
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2023 Fan et al.
abstract: Ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungi play a vital role in ensuring plant health, plant diversity, and ecosystem function. However, the study on fungal diversity and community assembly of EM fungi associated with herbaceous plants remains poorly understood. Thus, in our study, Carex pediformis and Polygonum divaricatum in the subalpine meadow of central Inner Mongolia, China were selected for exploring EM fungal diversity and community assembly mechanisms by using llumina MiSeq sequencing of the fungal internal transcribed spacer 2 region (ITS2). We evaluated the impact of soil, climatic, and spatial variables on EM fungal diversity and community turnover. Deterministic vs. stochastic processes for EM fungal community assembly were quantified using β-Nearest taxon index scores. The results showed that a total of 70 EM fungal OTUs belonging to 21 lineages were identified, of which Tomentella-Thelephora, Helotiales1, Tricholoma, Inocybe, Wilcoxina were the most dominant EM fungal lineages. EM fungal communities were significantly different between the two herbaceous plants and among the two sampling sites, and this difference was mainly influenced by soil organic matter (OM) content and mean annual precipitation (MAP). The neutral community model (NCM) explained 45.7% of the variations in EM fungi community assembly. A total of 99.27% of the β-Nearest Taxa Index (βNTI) value was between −2 and 2. These results suggest that the dominant role of stochastic processes in shaping EM fungal community assembly. In addition, RCbray values showed that ecological drift in stochastic processes dominantly determined community assembly of EM fungi. Overall, our study shed light on the EM fungal diversity and community assembly associated with herbaceous plants in the subalpine region of central Inner Mongolia for the first time, which provided a better understanding of the role of herbaceous EM fungi.
bibliographic citation: Fan et al. (2023) First report of the ectomycorrhizal fungal community associated with two herbaceous plants in Inner Mongolia, China. PeerJ 11:e15626 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.15626
date submitted: 2022-12-21
date accepted: 2023-06-02
issued: 2023-07-14
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Fan
  given name: Yongjun
author list: Agent
  family name: Xiang
  given name: Simin
author list: Agent
  family name: Wang
  given name: Jing
author list: Agent
  family name: Zhang
  given name: Xuan
author list: Agent
  family name: Yu
  given name: Zhimin
author list: Agent
  family name: Zhu
  given name: Shupeng
author list: Agent
  family name: Lv
  given name: Meng
author list: Agent
  family name: Bai
  given name: Lijun
author list: Agent
  family name: Han
  given name: Luyu
author list: Agent
  family name: Ma
  given name: Jianjun
author list: Agent
  family name: Wang
  given name: Yonglong
doi: 10.7717/peerj.15626
volume: 11
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2023-07-14
copyright: © 2023 Fan et al.
attribution name: Fan et al.

Late Jurassic teeth of plesiosauroid origin from the Owadów-Brzezinki Lägerstatte, Central Poland
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Owadów-Brzezinki is currently one of the most promising Upper Jurassic sites in Central Poland, with a wide array of both vertebrate and invertebrate fossil fauna present. The discoveries of large-bodied marine reptiles fossils such as ichthyosaurs, turtles, and marine crocodylomorphs attracted attention to the location. A particular Mesozoic marine group, plesiosaurs, remained to be found, and in this report, we note four isolated teeth with distinguishing apicobasal ridging pattern and elongated, conical shape characteristic for plesiosaurians. The outcomes of the Principal Coordinates Analysis (PCoA) of the largest and most complete tooth specimen ZPAL R.11/OB/T4 enabled us to confirm its classification as Plesiosauroidea. This discovery affirms the importance of the site as the area of mixing between Boreal and Tethyan faunas, expanding the broad spectrum of fossil taxa found in this location. Together with previous findings of plesiosaur material in a nearby region, it provides the evidence for the presence of Plesiosauroidea in Owadów-Brzezinki Lägerstatte.
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Łukasz Weryński
creator: Błazej Błażejowski
subject: Evolutionary Studies
subject: Paleontology
subject: Taxonomy
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.15628
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2023 Weryński and Błażejowski
abstract: Owadów-Brzezinki is currently one of the most promising Upper Jurassic sites in Central Poland, with a wide array of both vertebrate and invertebrate fossil fauna present. The discoveries of large-bodied marine reptiles fossils such as ichthyosaurs, turtles, and marine crocodylomorphs attracted attention to the location. A particular Mesozoic marine group, plesiosaurs, remained to be found, and in this report, we note four isolated teeth with distinguishing apicobasal ridging pattern and elongated, conical shape characteristic for plesiosaurians. The outcomes of the Principal Coordinates Analysis (PCoA) of the largest and most complete tooth specimen ZPAL R.11/OB/T4 enabled us to confirm its classification as Plesiosauroidea. This discovery affirms the importance of the site as the area of mixing between Boreal and Tethyan faunas, expanding the broad spectrum of fossil taxa found in this location. Together with previous findings of plesiosaur material in a nearby region, it provides the evidence for the presence of Plesiosauroidea in Owadów-Brzezinki Lägerstatte.
bibliographic citation: Weryński et al. (2023) Late Jurassic teeth of plesiosauroid origin from the Owadów-Brzezinki Lägerstatte, Central Poland. PeerJ 11:e15628 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.15628
date submitted: 2022-12-30
date accepted: 2023-06-02
issued: 2023-07-14
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Weryński
  given name: Łukasz
author list: Agent
  family name: Błażejowski
  given name: Błazej
doi: 10.7717/peerj.15628
volume: 11
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2023-07-14
copyright: © 2023 Weryński and Błażejowski
attribution name: Weryński and Błażejowski

Seasonal changes characterise the shark and ray assemblages in a subtropical shallow sandy habitat in the iSimangaliso Wetland Park, South Africa
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Understanding how environmental drivers influence shark and ray spatial and temporal patterns can provide crucial knowledge for their evidence-based protection and long-term monitoring. However, information on which drivers of variation are most important for elasmobranch communities on soft sediments is limited. Using baited remote underwater stereo-video systems (stereo-BRUVs), we investigated how seasonal and environmental variables affected the elasmobranchs of the iSimangaliso Wetland Park marine protected area (MPA) in South Africa (SA). In total, 11 species were identified from 48 sites between 12 m and 33 m water depth in a sandy habitat. While species richness was similar across seasons, the total abundance of elasmobranchs recorded was higher in winter than summer. The species assemblage composition varied significantly between seasons, with the Human’s whaler shark Carcharhinus humani prevalent in summer and the Critically Endangered whitespotted wedgefish Rhynchobatus djiddensis more abundant during winter. Most species were sighted throughout the entire depth range, but rays were more common in shallower waters (< 25 m depth), while C. humani and R. djiddensis were more common in the deeper depth zone of this study. This research provides baseline information about this previously unexplored sandy habitat for elasmobranchs in a site of regional and global significance. Records of species of conservation concern in the sampling area highlight the importance of protecting sand environments within an MPA.
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Jessica A. Ferreira
creator: Julie A. Alberts
creator: Grant Smith
creator: Anthony T.F. Bernard
creator: Mário J. Pereira
creator: Lauren De Vos
subject: Aquaculture, Fisheries and Fish Science
subject: Biodiversity
subject: Conservation Biology
subject: Ecology
subject: Marine Biology
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.15636
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2023 Ferreira et al.
abstract: Understanding how environmental drivers influence shark and ray spatial and temporal patterns can provide crucial knowledge for their evidence-based protection and long-term monitoring. However, information on which drivers of variation are most important for elasmobranch communities on soft sediments is limited. Using baited remote underwater stereo-video systems (stereo-BRUVs), we investigated how seasonal and environmental variables affected the elasmobranchs of the iSimangaliso Wetland Park marine protected area (MPA) in South Africa (SA). In total, 11 species were identified from 48 sites between 12 m and 33 m water depth in a sandy habitat. While species richness was similar across seasons, the total abundance of elasmobranchs recorded was higher in winter than summer. The species assemblage composition varied significantly between seasons, with the Human’s whaler shark Carcharhinus humani prevalent in summer and the Critically Endangered whitespotted wedgefish Rhynchobatus djiddensis more abundant during winter. Most species were sighted throughout the entire depth range, but rays were more common in shallower waters (< 25 m depth), while C. humani and R. djiddensis were more common in the deeper depth zone of this study. This research provides baseline information about this previously unexplored sandy habitat for elasmobranchs in a site of regional and global significance. Records of species of conservation concern in the sampling area highlight the importance of protecting sand environments within an MPA.
bibliographic citation: Ferreira et al. (2023) Seasonal changes characterise the shark and ray assemblages in a subtropical shallow sandy habitat in the iSimangaliso Wetland Park, South Africa. PeerJ 11:e15636 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.15636
date submitted: 2022-12-16
date accepted: 2023-06-05
issued: 2023-07-14
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Ferreira
  given name: Jessica A.
author list: Agent
  family name: Alberts
  given name: Julie A.
author list: Agent
  family name: Smith
  given name: Grant
author list: Agent
  family name: Bernard
  given name: Anthony T.F.
author list: Agent
  family name: Pereira
  given name: Mário J.
author list: Agent
  family name: De Vos
  given name: Lauren
doi: 10.7717/peerj.15636
volume: 11
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2023-07-14
copyright: ©2023 Ferreira et al.
attribution name: Ferreira et al.

Current classification of zirconia in dentistry: an updated review
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Zirconia, a crystalline oxide of zirconium, holds good mechanical, optical, and biological properties. The metal-free restorations, mostly consisting of all-ceramic/zirconia restorations, are becoming popular restorative materials in restorative and prosthetic dentistry choices for aesthetic and biological reasons. Dental zirconia has increased over the past years producing wide varieties of zirconia for prosthetic restorations in dentistry. At present, literature is lacking on the recent zirconia biomaterials in dentistry. Currently, no article has the latest information on the various zirconia biomaterials in dentistry. Hence, the aim of this article is to present an overview of recent dental zirconia biomaterials and tends to classify the recent zirconia biomaterials in dentistry. This article is useful for dentists, dental technicians, prosthodontists, academicians, and researchers in the field of dental zirconia.
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Suchada Kongkiatkamon
creator: Dinesh Rokaya
creator: Santiphab Kengtanyakich
creator: Chaimongkon Peampring
subject: Bioengineering
subject: Dentistry
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.15669
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2023 Kongkiatkamon et al.
abstract: Zirconia, a crystalline oxide of zirconium, holds good mechanical, optical, and biological properties. The metal-free restorations, mostly consisting of all-ceramic/zirconia restorations, are becoming popular restorative materials in restorative and prosthetic dentistry choices for aesthetic and biological reasons. Dental zirconia has increased over the past years producing wide varieties of zirconia for prosthetic restorations in dentistry. At present, literature is lacking on the recent zirconia biomaterials in dentistry. Currently, no article has the latest information on the various zirconia biomaterials in dentistry. Hence, the aim of this article is to present an overview of recent dental zirconia biomaterials and tends to classify the recent zirconia biomaterials in dentistry. This article is useful for dentists, dental technicians, prosthodontists, academicians, and researchers in the field of dental zirconia.
bibliographic citation: Kongkiatkamon et al. (2023) Current classification of zirconia in dentistry: an updated review. PeerJ 11:e15669 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.15669
date submitted: 2023-01-17
date accepted: 2023-06-09
issued: 2023-07-14
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Kongkiatkamon
  given name: Suchada
author list: Agent
  family name: Rokaya
  given name: Dinesh
author list: Agent
  family name: Kengtanyakich
  given name: Santiphab
author list: Agent
  family name: Peampring
  given name: Chaimongkon
doi: 10.7717/peerj.15669
volume: 11
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2023-07-14
copyright: ©2023 Kongkiatkamon et al.
attribution name: Kongkiatkamon et al.

Evaluation of the effects of whitening toothpaste containing nanohydroxyapatite on surface roughness and color change in restorative materials
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Background The effects of whitening toothpastes containing nanohydroxyapatite on the surfaces of restorative materials are not well known. This study evaluated the changes in surface roughness and color of coffee-stained restorative materials after brushing with nanohydroxyapatite and other whitening toothpastes. Methods Disc-shaped specimens were formed using microhybrid, nanohybrid, and supra-nano-filled composite (n = 30) and stained with a coffee solution. A brushing simulation was applied with toothpastes containing nanohydroxyapatite (Dentiste Plus White), perlite (Signal White System) and hydrogen peroxide (Colgate Optic White) for 7, 15, and 30 days. Color and surface roughness measurements were taken before and after brushing. Color change (∆E00) was calculated using the CIEDE2000 system. Results Supra-nano-filled composite-Dentiste Plus White, supra-nano-filled composite-Colgate Optic White, and nanohybrid composite-Signal White System were the groups with the greatest color change observed on the 7th, 15th, and 30th days, respectively. The smallest color change was seen in the microhybrid composite-Signal White System, microhybrid composite-Dentiste Plus White, and nanohybrid composite-Dentiste Plus White groups on the 7th, 15th, and 30th days, respectively. No significant surface roughness changes were observed in the nanohybrid composite-Dentiste Plus White, supra-nano-filled composite-Colgate Optic White, supra-nano-filled composite-Dentiste Plus White, or supra-nano-filled composite-Signal White System groups. Conclusions Whitening toothpaste containing nanohydroxyapatite provided a high degree of color change in the short term and did not create significant surface roughness in nanohybrid or supra-nano-filled composites.
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Burak Dayı
creator: Fikri Öcal
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Bioengineering
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Dentistry
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.15692
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2023 Dayı and Öcal
abstract: Background The effects of whitening toothpastes containing nanohydroxyapatite on the surfaces of restorative materials are not well known. This study evaluated the changes in surface roughness and color of coffee-stained restorative materials after brushing with nanohydroxyapatite and other whitening toothpastes. Methods Disc-shaped specimens were formed using microhybrid, nanohybrid, and supra-nano-filled composite (n = 30) and stained with a coffee solution. A brushing simulation was applied with toothpastes containing nanohydroxyapatite (Dentiste Plus White), perlite (Signal White System) and hydrogen peroxide (Colgate Optic White) for 7, 15, and 30 days. Color and surface roughness measurements were taken before and after brushing. Color change (∆E00) was calculated using the CIEDE2000 system. Results Supra-nano-filled composite-Dentiste Plus White, supra-nano-filled composite-Colgate Optic White, and nanohybrid composite-Signal White System were the groups with the greatest color change observed on the 7th, 15th, and 30th days, respectively. The smallest color change was seen in the microhybrid composite-Signal White System, microhybrid composite-Dentiste Plus White, and nanohybrid composite-Dentiste Plus White groups on the 7th, 15th, and 30th days, respectively. No significant surface roughness changes were observed in the nanohybrid composite-Dentiste Plus White, supra-nano-filled composite-Colgate Optic White, supra-nano-filled composite-Dentiste Plus White, or supra-nano-filled composite-Signal White System groups. Conclusions Whitening toothpaste containing nanohydroxyapatite provided a high degree of color change in the short term and did not create significant surface roughness in nanohybrid or supra-nano-filled composites.
bibliographic citation: Dayı et al. (2023) Evaluation of the effects of whitening toothpaste containing nanohydroxyapatite on surface roughness and color change in restorative materials. PeerJ 11:e15692 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.15692
date submitted: 2023-03-28
date accepted: 2023-06-14
issued: 2023-07-14
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Dayı
  given name: Burak
author list: Agent
  family name: Öcal
  given name: Fikri
doi: 10.7717/peerj.15692
volume: 11
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2023-07-14
copyright: © 2023 Dayı and Öcal
attribution name: Dayı and Öcal

IL-17A exacerbates psoriasis in a STAT3 overexpressing mouse model
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Background Psoriasis is an autoimmune skin disease characterized by immunocyte activation, excessive proliferation, and abnormal differentiation of keratinocytes. Signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3) play a crucial role in linking activated keratinocytes and immunocytes during psoriasis development. T helper (Th) 17 cells and secreted interleukin (IL)-17A contribute to its pathogenesis. IL-17A treated STAT3 overexpressing mouse model might serve as an animal model for psoriasis. Methods In this study, we established a mouse model of psoriasiform dermatitis by intradermal IL-17A injection in STAT3 overexpressing mice. Transcriptome analyses were performed on the skin of wild type (WT), STAT3, and IL-17A treated STAT3 mice. Bioinformatics-based functional enrichment analysis was conducted to predict biological pathways. Meanwhile, the morphological and pathological features of skin lesions were observed, and the DEGs were verified by qPCR. Results IL-17A treated STAT3 mice skin lesions displayed the pathological features of hyperkeratosis and parakeratosis. The DEGs between IL-17A treated STAT3 mice and WT mice were highly consistent with those observed in psoriasis patients, including S100A8, S100A9, Sprr2, and LCE. Gene ontology (GO) analysis of the core DEGs revealed a robust immune response, chemotaxis, and cornified envelope, et al. The major KEGG enrichment pathways included IL-17 and Toll-like receptor signaling pathways. Conclusion IL-17A exacerbates psoriasis dermatitis in a STAT3 overexpressing mouse.
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Xinran Xie
creator: Lei Zhang
creator: Yan Lin
creator: Xin Liu
creator: Ning Wang
creator: Ping Li
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Dermatology
subject: Histology
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.15727
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2023 Xie et al.
abstract: Background Psoriasis is an autoimmune skin disease characterized by immunocyte activation, excessive proliferation, and abnormal differentiation of keratinocytes. Signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3) play a crucial role in linking activated keratinocytes and immunocytes during psoriasis development. T helper (Th) 17 cells and secreted interleukin (IL)-17A contribute to its pathogenesis. IL-17A treated STAT3 overexpressing mouse model might serve as an animal model for psoriasis. Methods In this study, we established a mouse model of psoriasiform dermatitis by intradermal IL-17A injection in STAT3 overexpressing mice. Transcriptome analyses were performed on the skin of wild type (WT), STAT3, and IL-17A treated STAT3 mice. Bioinformatics-based functional enrichment analysis was conducted to predict biological pathways. Meanwhile, the morphological and pathological features of skin lesions were observed, and the DEGs were verified by qPCR. Results IL-17A treated STAT3 mice skin lesions displayed the pathological features of hyperkeratosis and parakeratosis. The DEGs between IL-17A treated STAT3 mice and WT mice were highly consistent with those observed in psoriasis patients, including S100A8, S100A9, Sprr2, and LCE. Gene ontology (GO) analysis of the core DEGs revealed a robust immune response, chemotaxis, and cornified envelope, et al. The major KEGG enrichment pathways included IL-17 and Toll-like receptor signaling pathways. Conclusion IL-17A exacerbates psoriasis dermatitis in a STAT3 overexpressing mouse.
bibliographic citation: Xie et al. (2023) IL-17A exacerbates psoriasis in a STAT3 overexpressing mouse model. PeerJ 11:e15727 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.15727
date submitted: 2023-03-07
date accepted: 2023-06-18
issued: 2023-07-14
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Xie
  given name: Xinran
author list: Agent
  family name: Zhang
  given name: Lei
author list: Agent
  family name: Lin
  given name: Yan
author list: Agent
  family name: Liu
  given name: Xin
author list: Agent
  family name: Wang
  given name: Ning
author list: Agent
  family name: Li
  given name: Ping
doi: 10.7717/peerj.15727
volume: 11
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2023-07-14
copyright: © 2023 Xie et al.
attribution name: Xie et al.

The force-length relation of the young adult human tibialis anterior
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Background Knowledge of the muscle’s lengths at which maximum active isometric force is attained is important for predicting forces during movement. However, there is limited information about the in vivo force-length properties of a human muscle that plays crucial roles during locomotion; the tibialis anterior (TA). We therefore aimed to estimate TA’s force-length relation from dorsiflexor torque-angle curves constructed from eight women and eight men. Methods Participants performed maximal voluntary fixed-end contractions with their right ankle dorsiflexors from 0° to 30° plantar flexion. Muscle fascicle lengths were estimated from B-mode ultrasound images, and net ankle joint torques were measured using dynamometry. Fascicle forces were estimated by dividing maximal active torques by literature-derived, angle-specific tendon moment arm lengths while assuming a fixed 50% force contribution of TA to the total dorsiflexor force and accounting for fascicle angles. Results Maximal active torques were higher at 15° than 20° and 30° plantar flexion (2.4–6.4 Nm, p ≤ 0.012), whereas maximal active TA fascicle forces were higher at 15° than 0°, 20° and 30° plantar flexion (25–61 N, p ≤ 0.042), but not different between 15° and 10° plantar flexion (15 N, p = 0.277). TA fascicle shortening magnitudes during fixed-end contractions were larger at 15° than 30° plantar flexion (3.9 mm, p = 0.012), but less at 15° than 0° plantar flexion (−2.4 mm, p = 0.001), with no significant differences (≤0.7 mm, p = 0.871) between TA’s superficial and deep muscle compartments. Series elastic element stiffness was lowest and highest at lengths 5% shorter and 5% longer than optimum fascicle length, respectively (−30 and 15 N/mm, p ≤ 0.003). Discussion TA produced its maximum active force at 10–15° plantar flexion, and its normalized force-length relation had ascending and descending limbs that agreed with a simple scaled sarcomere model when active fascicle lengths from within TA’s superficial…
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Brent J. Raiteri
creator: Leon Lauret
creator: Daniel Hahn
subject: Kinesiology
subject: Biomechanics
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.15693
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2023 Raiteri et al.
abstract: Background Knowledge of the muscle’s lengths at which maximum active isometric force is attained is important for predicting forces during movement. However, there is limited information about the in vivo force-length properties of a human muscle that plays crucial roles during locomotion; the tibialis anterior (TA). We therefore aimed to estimate TA’s force-length relation from dorsiflexor torque-angle curves constructed from eight women and eight men. Methods Participants performed maximal voluntary fixed-end contractions with their right ankle dorsiflexors from 0° to 30° plantar flexion. Muscle fascicle lengths were estimated from B-mode ultrasound images, and net ankle joint torques were measured using dynamometry. Fascicle forces were estimated by dividing maximal active torques by literature-derived, angle-specific tendon moment arm lengths while assuming a fixed 50% force contribution of TA to the total dorsiflexor force and accounting for fascicle angles. Results Maximal active torques were higher at 15° than 20° and 30° plantar flexion (2.4–6.4 Nm, p ≤ 0.012), whereas maximal active TA fascicle forces were higher at 15° than 0°, 20° and 30° plantar flexion (25–61 N, p ≤ 0.042), but not different between 15° and 10° plantar flexion (15 N, p = 0.277). TA fascicle shortening magnitudes during fixed-end contractions were larger at 15° than 30° plantar flexion (3.9 mm, p = 0.012), but less at 15° than 0° plantar flexion (−2.4 mm, p = 0.001), with no significant differences (≤0.7 mm, p = 0.871) between TA’s superficial and deep muscle compartments. Series elastic element stiffness was lowest and highest at lengths 5% shorter and 5% longer than optimum fascicle length, respectively (−30 and 15 N/mm, p ≤ 0.003). Discussion TA produced its maximum active force at 10–15° plantar flexion, and its normalized force-length relation had ascending and descending limbs that agreed with a simple scaled sarcomere model when active fascicle lengths from within TA’s superficial…
bibliographic citation: Raiteri et al. (2023) The force-length relation of the young adult human tibialis anterior. PeerJ 11:e15693 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.15693
date submitted: 2022-12-15
date accepted: 2023-06-14
issued: 2023-07-13
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Raiteri
  given name: Brent J.
author list: Agent
  family name: Lauret
  given name: Leon
author list: Agent
  family name: Hahn
  given name: Daniel
doi: 10.7717/peerj.15693
volume: 11
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2023-07-13
copyright: ©2023 Raiteri et al.
attribution name: Raiteri et al.

Population influences desiccation tolerance in an invasive aquatic snail, Potamopyrgus antipodarum (Tateidae, Mollusca)
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Traits in species that influence invasion success may vary in populations across its invaded range. The aquatic New Zealand mud snail, Potamopyrgus antipodarum, reproduces parthenogenetically in its invaded range, and a few distinct clonal genotypes have been identified in North America. Much of the spread of the snail in North America has been the result of unintentional overland transport by recreational water users. Thus, desiccation tolerance may play an important role in the invasion success of this species. The primary goal of these experiments is to determine if variation in desiccation tolerance exists between populations of this species. Here we compared multiple multi-locus genotypes (MLGs) and populations within those genotypes with regard to their desiccation tolerance. We conducted three experiments. The first compared the survival rate over time of snails from three populations and two MLGs with regard to their ability to survive being completely removed from water. The second experiment examined different size classes of snails from the same population, and the third experiment compared four different populations and two MLGs genotypes with respect to their survival rate over time when removed from water but being kept in moist conditions. We found larger snails tolerate desiccation longer than smaller snails with snails between 4 and 4.6 mm surviving at a rate of more than 50% after 12 h while smaller snails survived at a less than 5% rate after 12 h. We also found significant variation both between and within MLGs in their survival rate when completely removed from water and dried with the MLG from the western US having a more than 50% greater survival probability than the eastern MLGs at both 18 and 24 h out of water. When removed from water and kept moist all MLGs had a near 100% survival rate at 60 days at 7 °C, and most survived at a greater than 90% rate at 60 days at 17 °C, while no MLG’s survived past 30 days at 27 °C. The results demonstrate…
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Edward P. Levri
creator: Sheila Hutchinson
creator: Rebecca Luft
creator: Colin Berkheimer
creator: Kellie Wilson
subject: Ecology
subject: Zoology
subject: Freshwater Biology
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.15732
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2023 Levri et al.
abstract: Traits in species that influence invasion success may vary in populations across its invaded range. The aquatic New Zealand mud snail, Potamopyrgus antipodarum, reproduces parthenogenetically in its invaded range, and a few distinct clonal genotypes have been identified in North America. Much of the spread of the snail in North America has been the result of unintentional overland transport by recreational water users. Thus, desiccation tolerance may play an important role in the invasion success of this species. The primary goal of these experiments is to determine if variation in desiccation tolerance exists between populations of this species. Here we compared multiple multi-locus genotypes (MLGs) and populations within those genotypes with regard to their desiccation tolerance. We conducted three experiments. The first compared the survival rate over time of snails from three populations and two MLGs with regard to their ability to survive being completely removed from water. The second experiment examined different size classes of snails from the same population, and the third experiment compared four different populations and two MLGs genotypes with respect to their survival rate over time when removed from water but being kept in moist conditions. We found larger snails tolerate desiccation longer than smaller snails with snails between 4 and 4.6 mm surviving at a rate of more than 50% after 12 h while smaller snails survived at a less than 5% rate after 12 h. We also found significant variation both between and within MLGs in their survival rate when completely removed from water and dried with the MLG from the western US having a more than 50% greater survival probability than the eastern MLGs at both 18 and 24 h out of water. When removed from water and kept moist all MLGs had a near 100% survival rate at 60 days at 7 °C, and most survived at a greater than 90% rate at 60 days at 17 °C, while no MLG’s survived past 30 days at 27 °C. The results demonstrate…
bibliographic citation: Levri et al. (2023) Population influences desiccation tolerance in an invasive aquatic snail, Potamopyrgus antipodarum (Tateidae, Mollusca). PeerJ 11:e15732 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.15732
date submitted: 2023-03-02
date accepted: 2023-06-18
issued: 2023-07-13
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Levri
  given name: Edward P.
author list: Agent
  family name: Hutchinson
  given name: Sheila
author list: Agent
  family name: Luft
  given name: Rebecca
author list: Agent
  family name: Berkheimer
  given name: Colin
author list: Agent
  family name: Wilson
  given name: Kellie
doi: 10.7717/peerj.15732
volume: 11
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2023-07-13
copyright: © 2023 Levri et al.
attribution name: Levri et al.

PeerJ
type: Periodical
uri: PeerJ
issn: 2167-8359