PeerJ
type: channel
link: https://peerj.com/articles/
description: Articles published in PeerJ
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
publication name: PeerJ
issn: 2167-8359
items: Microorganism-regulated autophagy in gastrointestinal cancer
items: Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of allicin in the kidney of an experimental model of metabolic syndrome
items: Comparison of ultrasonic shear wave elastography, AngioPLUS planewave ultrasensitive imaging, and optimized high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging in evaluating carotid plaque stability
items: Estimating the one-repetition maximum on the leg-press exercise in female breast cancer survivors
items: Effect of ethyl methanesulfonate mediated mutation for enhancing morpho-physio-biochemical and yield contributing traits of fragrant rice
items: Effect of Yarrowia lipolytica yeast biomass with increased kynurenic acid content on selected metabolic indicators in mice
items: Assessing climbers’ pull-up capabilities by differentiating the parameters involved in power production
items: Genetic connectivity and population expansion inferred from multilocus analysis in Lutjanus alexandrei (Lutjanidae–Perciformes), an endemic snapper from Northeastern Brazilian coast
items: TLR7 promotes skin inflammation via activating NFκB-mTORC1 axis in rosacea
items: Soil microbial and enzyme activities in different land use systems of the Northwestern Himalayas

Microorganism-regulated autophagy in gastrointestinal cancer
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Gastrointestinal cancer has always been one of the most urgent problems to be solved, and it has become a major global health issue. Microorganisms in the gastrointestinal tract regulate normal physiological and pathological processes. Accumulating evidence reveals the role of the imbalance in the microbial community during tumorigenesis. Autophagy is an important intracellular homeostatic process, where defective proteins and organelles are degraded and recycled under stress. Autophagy plays a dual role in tumors as both tumor suppressor and tumor promoter. Many studies have shown that autophagy plays an important role in response to microbial infection. Here, we provide an overview on the regulation of the autophagy signaling pathway by microorganisms in gastrointestinal cancer.
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Jun-Yu Xu
creator: Jiao-Xiu Fan
creator: Min Hu
creator: Jun Zeng
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Microbiology
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.16130
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2023 Xu et al.
abstract: Gastrointestinal cancer has always been one of the most urgent problems to be solved, and it has become a major global health issue. Microorganisms in the gastrointestinal tract regulate normal physiological and pathological processes. Accumulating evidence reveals the role of the imbalance in the microbial community during tumorigenesis. Autophagy is an important intracellular homeostatic process, where defective proteins and organelles are degraded and recycled under stress. Autophagy plays a dual role in tumors as both tumor suppressor and tumor promoter. Many studies have shown that autophagy plays an important role in response to microbial infection. Here, we provide an overview on the regulation of the autophagy signaling pathway by microorganisms in gastrointestinal cancer.
bibliographic citation: Xu et al. (2023) Microorganism-regulated autophagy in gastrointestinal cancer. PeerJ 11:e16130 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.16130
date submitted: 2023-04-13
date accepted: 2023-08-28
issued: 2023-09-27
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Xu
  given name: Jun-Yu
author list: Agent
  family name: Fan
  given name: Jiao-Xiu
author list: Agent
  family name: Hu
  given name: Min
author list: Agent
  family name: Zeng
  given name: Jun
doi: 10.7717/peerj.16130
volume: 11
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2023-09-27
copyright: © 2023 Xu et al.
attribution name: Xu et al.

Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of allicin in the kidney of an experimental model of metabolic syndrome
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Background Recent studies have suggested that metabolic syndrome (MS) encompasses a group of risk factors for developing chronic kidney disease (CKD). This work aimed to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of allicin in the kidney from an experimental model of MS. Methods Male Wistar rats (220–250 g) were used, and three experimental groups (n = 6) were formed: control (C), metabolic syndrome (MS), and MS treated with allicin (16 mg/Kg/day, gastric gavage) (MS+A). MS was considered when an increase of 20% in at least three parameters (body weight, systolic blood pressure (SBP), fasting blood glucose (FBG), or dyslipidemia) was observed compared to the C group. After the MS diagnosis, allicin was administered for 30 days. Results Before the treatment with allicin, the MS group showed more significant body weight gain, increased SBP, and FBG, glucose intolerance, and dyslipidemia. In addition, increased markers of kidney damage in urine and blood. Moreover, the MS increased oxidative stress and inflammation in the kidney compared to group C. The allicin treatment prevented further weight gain, reduced SBP, FBG, glucose intolerance, and dyslipidemia. Also, markers of kidney damage in urine and blood were decreased. Further, the oxidative stress and inflammation were decreased in the renal cortex of the MS+A compared to the MS group. Conclusion Allicin exerts its beneficial effects on the metabolic syndrome by considerably reducing systemic and renal inflammation as well as the oxidative stress. These effects were mediated through the Nrf2 pathway. The results suggest allicin may be a therapeutic alternative for treating kidney injury induced by the metabolic syndrome risk factors.
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format: text/html
creator: Abraham Said Arellano Buendia
creator: Juan Gabriel Juárez Rojas
creator: Fernando García-Arroyo
creator: Omar Emiliano Aparicio Trejo
creator: Fausto Sánchez-Muñoz
creator: Raúl Argüello-García
creator: Laura Gabriela Sánchez-Lozada
creator: Rafael Bojalil
creator: Horacio Osorio-Alonso
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Molecular Biology
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.16132
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2023 Arellano Buendia et al.
abstract: Background Recent studies have suggested that metabolic syndrome (MS) encompasses a group of risk factors for developing chronic kidney disease (CKD). This work aimed to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of allicin in the kidney from an experimental model of MS. Methods Male Wistar rats (220–250 g) were used, and three experimental groups (n = 6) were formed: control (C), metabolic syndrome (MS), and MS treated with allicin (16 mg/Kg/day, gastric gavage) (MS+A). MS was considered when an increase of 20% in at least three parameters (body weight, systolic blood pressure (SBP), fasting blood glucose (FBG), or dyslipidemia) was observed compared to the C group. After the MS diagnosis, allicin was administered for 30 days. Results Before the treatment with allicin, the MS group showed more significant body weight gain, increased SBP, and FBG, glucose intolerance, and dyslipidemia. In addition, increased markers of kidney damage in urine and blood. Moreover, the MS increased oxidative stress and inflammation in the kidney compared to group C. The allicin treatment prevented further weight gain, reduced SBP, FBG, glucose intolerance, and dyslipidemia. Also, markers of kidney damage in urine and blood were decreased. Further, the oxidative stress and inflammation were decreased in the renal cortex of the MS+A compared to the MS group. Conclusion Allicin exerts its beneficial effects on the metabolic syndrome by considerably reducing systemic and renal inflammation as well as the oxidative stress. These effects were mediated through the Nrf2 pathway. The results suggest allicin may be a therapeutic alternative for treating kidney injury induced by the metabolic syndrome risk factors.
bibliographic citation: Arellano Buendia et al. (2023) Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of allicin in the kidney of an experimental model of metabolic syndrome. PeerJ 11:e16132 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.16132
date submitted: 2023-02-03
date accepted: 2023-08-28
issued: 2023-09-27
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Arellano Buendia
  given name: Abraham Said
author list: Agent
  family name: Juárez Rojas
  given name: Juan Gabriel
author list: Agent
  family name: García-Arroyo
  given name: Fernando
author list: Agent
  family name: Aparicio Trejo
  given name: Omar Emiliano
author list: Agent
  family name: Sánchez-Muñoz
  given name: Fausto
author list: Agent
  family name: Argüello-García
  given name: Raúl
author list: Agent
  family name: Sánchez-Lozada
  given name: Laura Gabriela
author list: Agent
  family name: Bojalil
  given name: Rafael
author list: Agent
  family name: Osorio-Alonso
  given name: Horacio
doi: 10.7717/peerj.16132
volume: 11
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2023-09-27
copyright: © 2023 Arellano Buendia et al.
attribution name: Arellano Buendia et al.

Comparison of ultrasonic shear wave elastography, AngioPLUS planewave ultrasensitive imaging, and optimized high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging in evaluating carotid plaque stability
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Objective This study aimed to compare the efficiency of evaluating carotid plaque stability using ultrasonic shear wave elastography (SWE), AngioPLUS planewave ultrasensitive imaging (AP), and optimized high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods A total of 100 patients who underwent carotid endarterectomy at our hospital from October 2019 to August 2022 were enrolled. Based on the final clinical diagnosis, these patients were divided into vulnerable (n = 62) and stable (n = 38) plaque groups. All patients were examined using ultrasound SWE, AP, and optimized high-resolution MRI before surgery. The clinical data and ultrasound characteristics of patients of the two groups were compared. Considering the final clinical diagnosis as the gold standard, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of SWE, AP, high-resolution MRI, and the final clinical diagnosis of vulnerable plaque were calculated. Pearson’s correlation test was used to analyze the correlations of AP, SWE, and MRI results with the grading results of carotid artery stenosis. Results Statistically significant differences were noticed in terms of the history of smoking and coronary heart disease, plaque thickness, surface rules, calcified nodules, low echo area, and the degree of carotid artery stenosis between the two groups (P < 0.05). Considering the final clinical diagnosis as the gold standard, the sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of SWE-based detection of carotid artery vulnerability were 87.10% (54/62), 76.32% (29/38), 85.71% (54/63) and 78.38% (29/37), respectively, showing a general consistency with the final clinical results (Kappa = 0.637, P < 0.05). Considering the final clinical diagnosis as the gold standard, the sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of AP-based detection of carotid artery vulnerability were 93.55% (58/62), 84.21% (32/38), 90.63% (58/64), and 88.89% (32/36), respectively, which agreed with the final cli…
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Shaoqin Zhang
creator: Shuyan Jiang
creator: Chunye Wang
creator: Chao Han
subject: Internal Medicine
subject: Radiology and Medical Imaging
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.16150
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2023 Zhang et al.
abstract: Objective This study aimed to compare the efficiency of evaluating carotid plaque stability using ultrasonic shear wave elastography (SWE), AngioPLUS planewave ultrasensitive imaging (AP), and optimized high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods A total of 100 patients who underwent carotid endarterectomy at our hospital from October 2019 to August 2022 were enrolled. Based on the final clinical diagnosis, these patients were divided into vulnerable (n = 62) and stable (n = 38) plaque groups. All patients were examined using ultrasound SWE, AP, and optimized high-resolution MRI before surgery. The clinical data and ultrasound characteristics of patients of the two groups were compared. Considering the final clinical diagnosis as the gold standard, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of SWE, AP, high-resolution MRI, and the final clinical diagnosis of vulnerable plaque were calculated. Pearson’s correlation test was used to analyze the correlations of AP, SWE, and MRI results with the grading results of carotid artery stenosis. Results Statistically significant differences were noticed in terms of the history of smoking and coronary heart disease, plaque thickness, surface rules, calcified nodules, low echo area, and the degree of carotid artery stenosis between the two groups (P < 0.05). Considering the final clinical diagnosis as the gold standard, the sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of SWE-based detection of carotid artery vulnerability were 87.10% (54/62), 76.32% (29/38), 85.71% (54/63) and 78.38% (29/37), respectively, showing a general consistency with the final clinical results (Kappa = 0.637, P < 0.05). Considering the final clinical diagnosis as the gold standard, the sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of AP-based detection of carotid artery vulnerability were 93.55% (58/62), 84.21% (32/38), 90.63% (58/64), and 88.89% (32/36), respectively, which agreed with the final cli…
bibliographic citation: Zhang et al. (2023) Comparison of ultrasonic shear wave elastography, AngioPLUS planewave ultrasensitive imaging, and optimized high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging in evaluating carotid plaque stability. PeerJ 11:e16150 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.16150
date submitted: 2023-07-10
date accepted: 2023-08-30
issued: 2023-09-27
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Zhang
  given name: Shaoqin
author list: Agent
  family name: Jiang
  given name: Shuyan
author list: Agent
  family name: Wang
  given name: Chunye
author list: Agent
  family name: Han
  given name: Chao
doi: 10.7717/peerj.16150
volume: 11
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2023-09-27
copyright: ©2023 Zhang et al.
attribution name: Zhang et al.

Estimating the one-repetition maximum on the leg-press exercise in female breast cancer survivors
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: We examined the accuracy of twelve different velocity-based methods for predicting the bilateral leg-press exercise one-repetition maximum (1RM) in breast cancer survivors. Twenty-one female breast cancer survivors (age 50.2 ± 10.8 years) performed an incremental loading test up to the 1RM. Individual load-velocity relationships were modeled by linear and quadratic polynomial regression models considering the mean velocity (MV) and peak velocity (PV) values recorded at five incremental loads (~45-55-65-75-85% of 1RM) (multiple-point methods) and by a linear regression model considering only the two distant loads (~45–85% of 1RM) (two-point method). The 1RM was always estimated through these load-velocity relationships as the load associated with a general (MV: 0.24 m/s; PV: 0.60 m/s) and an individual (MV and PV of the 1RM trial) minimal velocity threshold (MVT). Compared to the actual 1RM, the 1RMs estimated by all linear regression models showed trivial differences (Hedge’s g ranged from 0.08 to 0.17), very large to nearly perfect correlations (r ranged from 0.87 to 0.95), and no heteroscedasticity of the errors (coefficient of determination (r2) < 0.10 obtained from the relationship of the raw differences between the actual and predicted 1RMs with their average value). Given the acceptable and comparable accuracy for all 1RM linear prediction methods, the two-point method and a general MVT could be recommended to simplify the testing procedure of the bilateral leg-press 1RM in breast cancer survivors.
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: David M. Díez-Fernández
creator: Andrés Baena-Raya
creator: Amador García-Ramos
creator: Alba Esteban-Simón
creator: Manuel A. Rodríguez-Pérez
creator: Antonio J. Casimiro-Andújar
creator: Alberto Soriano-Maldonado
subject: Oncology
subject: Women’s Health
subject: Rehabilitation
subject: Sports Medicine
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.16175
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2023 Díez-Fernández et al.
abstract: We examined the accuracy of twelve different velocity-based methods for predicting the bilateral leg-press exercise one-repetition maximum (1RM) in breast cancer survivors. Twenty-one female breast cancer survivors (age 50.2 ± 10.8 years) performed an incremental loading test up to the 1RM. Individual load-velocity relationships were modeled by linear and quadratic polynomial regression models considering the mean velocity (MV) and peak velocity (PV) values recorded at five incremental loads (~45-55-65-75-85% of 1RM) (multiple-point methods) and by a linear regression model considering only the two distant loads (~45–85% of 1RM) (two-point method). The 1RM was always estimated through these load-velocity relationships as the load associated with a general (MV: 0.24 m/s; PV: 0.60 m/s) and an individual (MV and PV of the 1RM trial) minimal velocity threshold (MVT). Compared to the actual 1RM, the 1RMs estimated by all linear regression models showed trivial differences (Hedge’s g ranged from 0.08 to 0.17), very large to nearly perfect correlations (r ranged from 0.87 to 0.95), and no heteroscedasticity of the errors (coefficient of determination (r2) < 0.10 obtained from the relationship of the raw differences between the actual and predicted 1RMs with their average value). Given the acceptable and comparable accuracy for all 1RM linear prediction methods, the two-point method and a general MVT could be recommended to simplify the testing procedure of the bilateral leg-press 1RM in breast cancer survivors.
bibliographic citation: Díez-Fernández et al. (2023) Estimating the one-repetition maximum on the leg-press exercise in female breast cancer survivors. PeerJ 11:e16175 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.16175
date submitted: 2023-06-02
date accepted: 2023-09-04
issued: 2023-09-27
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Díez-Fernández
  given name: David M.
author list: Agent
  family name: Baena-Raya
  given name: Andrés
author list: Agent
  family name: García-Ramos
  given name: Amador
author list: Agent
  family name: Esteban-Simón
  given name: Alba
author list: Agent
  family name: Rodríguez-Pérez
  given name: Manuel A.
author list: Agent
  family name: Casimiro-Andújar
  given name: Antonio J.
author list: Agent
  family name: Soriano-Maldonado
  given name: Alberto
doi: 10.7717/peerj.16175
volume: 11
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2023-09-27
copyright: © 2023 Díez-Fernández et al.
attribution name: Díez-Fernández et al.

Effect of ethyl methanesulfonate mediated mutation for enhancing morpho-physio-biochemical and yield contributing traits of fragrant rice
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Background Chemical mutagenesis has been successfully used for increasing genetic diversity in crop plants. More than 800 novel mutant types of rice (Oryza sativa L.) have been developed through the successful application of numerous mutagenic agents. Among a wide variety of chemical mutagens, ethyl-methane-sulfonate (EMS) is the alkylating agent that is most commonly employed in crop plants because it frequently induces nucleotide substitutions as detected in numerous genomes. Methods In this study, seeds of the widely consumed Basmati rice variety (Super Basmati, Oryza sativa L.) were treated with EMS at concentrations of 0.25%, 0.50%, 0.75%, 1.0%, and 1.25% to broaden its narrow genetic base. Results Sensitivity to a chemical mutagen such as ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) was determined in the M1 generation. Results in M1 generation revealed that as the levels of applied EMS increased, there was a significant reduction in the germination percent, root length, shoot length, plant height, productive tillers, panicle length, sterile spikelet, total spikelet, and fertility percent as compared to the control under field conditions. All the aforementioned parameters decreased but there was an increase in EMS mutagens in an approximately linear fashion. Furthermore, there was no germination at 1.25% of EMS treatment for seed germination. A 50% germination was recorded between 0.50% and 0.75% EMS treatments. After germination, the subsequent parameters, viz. root length and shoot length had LD50 between 05.0% and 0.75% EMS dose levels. Significant variation was noticed in the photosynthetic and water related attributes of fragrant rice. The linear increase in the enzymatic attributes was noticed by the EMS mediated treatments. After the establishment of the plants in the M1 generation in the field, it was observed that LD50 for fertility percentage was at EMS 1.0% level, for the rice variety. Conclusion Hence, it is concluded that for creating genetic variability in the ri…
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Areeqa Shamshad
creator: Muhammad Rashid
creator: Ljupcho Jankuloski
creator: Kamran Ashraf
creator: Khawar Sultan
creator: Saud Alamri
creator: Manzer H. Siddiqui
creator: Tehzeem Munir
creator: Qamar uz Zaman
subject: Agricultural Science
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Plant Science
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.15821
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2023 Shamshad et al.
abstract: Background Chemical mutagenesis has been successfully used for increasing genetic diversity in crop plants. More than 800 novel mutant types of rice (Oryza sativa L.) have been developed through the successful application of numerous mutagenic agents. Among a wide variety of chemical mutagens, ethyl-methane-sulfonate (EMS) is the alkylating agent that is most commonly employed in crop plants because it frequently induces nucleotide substitutions as detected in numerous genomes. Methods In this study, seeds of the widely consumed Basmati rice variety (Super Basmati, Oryza sativa L.) were treated with EMS at concentrations of 0.25%, 0.50%, 0.75%, 1.0%, and 1.25% to broaden its narrow genetic base. Results Sensitivity to a chemical mutagen such as ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) was determined in the M1 generation. Results in M1 generation revealed that as the levels of applied EMS increased, there was a significant reduction in the germination percent, root length, shoot length, plant height, productive tillers, panicle length, sterile spikelet, total spikelet, and fertility percent as compared to the control under field conditions. All the aforementioned parameters decreased but there was an increase in EMS mutagens in an approximately linear fashion. Furthermore, there was no germination at 1.25% of EMS treatment for seed germination. A 50% germination was recorded between 0.50% and 0.75% EMS treatments. After germination, the subsequent parameters, viz. root length and shoot length had LD50 between 05.0% and 0.75% EMS dose levels. Significant variation was noticed in the photosynthetic and water related attributes of fragrant rice. The linear increase in the enzymatic attributes was noticed by the EMS mediated treatments. After the establishment of the plants in the M1 generation in the field, it was observed that LD50 for fertility percentage was at EMS 1.0% level, for the rice variety. Conclusion Hence, it is concluded that for creating genetic variability in the ri…
bibliographic citation: Shamshad et al. (2023) Effect of ethyl methanesulfonate mediated mutation for enhancing morpho-physio-biochemical and yield contributing traits of fragrant rice. PeerJ 11:e15821 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.15821
date submitted: 2023-02-24
date accepted: 2023-07-10
issued: 2023-09-26
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Shamshad
  given name: Areeqa
author list: Agent
  family name: Rashid
  given name: Muhammad
author list: Agent
  family name: Jankuloski
  given name: Ljupcho
author list: Agent
  family name: Ashraf
  given name: Kamran
author list: Agent
  family name: Sultan
  given name: Khawar
author list: Agent
  family name: Alamri
  given name: Saud
author list: Agent
  family name: Siddiqui
  given name: Manzer H.
author list: Agent
  family name: Munir
  given name: Tehzeem
author list: Agent
  family name: Zaman
  given name: Qamar uz
doi: 10.7717/peerj.15821
volume: 11
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2023-09-26
copyright: ©2023 Shamshad et al.
attribution name: Shamshad et al.

Effect of Yarrowia lipolytica yeast biomass with increased kynurenic acid content on selected metabolic indicators in mice
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Background The unconventional yeast species Yarrowia lipolytica is a valuable source of protein and many other nutrients. It can be used to produce hydrolytic enzymes and metabolites, including kynurenic acid (KYNA), an endogenous metabolite of tryptophan with a multidirectional effect on the body. The administration of Y. lipolytica with an increased content of KYNA in the diet may have a beneficial effect on metabolism, which was evaluated in a nutritional experiment on mice. Methods In the dry biomass of Y. lipolytica S12 enriched in KYNA (high-KYNA yeast) and low-KYNA (control) yeast, the content of KYNA was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. Then, proximate and amino acid composition and selected indicators of antioxidant status were compared. The effect of 5% high-KYNA yeast content in the diet on the growth, hematological and biochemical indices of blood and the redox status of the liver was determined in a 7-week experiment on adult male mice from an outbred colony derived from A/St, BALB/c, BN/a and C57BL/6J inbred strains. Results High-KYNA yeast was characterized by a greater concentration of KYNA than low-KYNA yeast (0.80 ± 0.08 vs. 0.29 ± 0.01 g/kg dry matter), lower content of crude protein with a less favorable amino acid composition and minerals, higher level of crude fiber and fat and lower ferric-reducing antioxidant power, concentration of phenols and glutathione. Consumption of the high-KYNA yeast diet did not affect the cumulative body weight gain per cage, cumulative food intake per cage and protein efficiency ratio compared to the control diet. A trend towards lower mean corpuscular volume and hematocrit, higher mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration and lower serum total protein and globulins was observed, increased serum total cholesterol and urea were noted. Its ingestion resulted in a trend towards greater ferric-reducing antioxidant power in the liver and did not affect the degree of liver lipid and protein oxidation…
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Magdalena Matusiewicz
creator: Magdalena Wróbel-Kwiatkowska
creator: Tomasz Niemiec
creator: Wiesław Świderek
creator: Iwona Kosieradzka
creator: Aleksandra Rosińska
creator: Anna Niwińska
creator: Magdalena Rakicka-Pustułka
creator: Tomasz Kocki
creator: Waldemar Rymowicz
creator: Waldemar A. Turski
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Molecular Biology
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.15833
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2023 Matusiewicz et al.
abstract: Background The unconventional yeast species Yarrowia lipolytica is a valuable source of protein and many other nutrients. It can be used to produce hydrolytic enzymes and metabolites, including kynurenic acid (KYNA), an endogenous metabolite of tryptophan with a multidirectional effect on the body. The administration of Y. lipolytica with an increased content of KYNA in the diet may have a beneficial effect on metabolism, which was evaluated in a nutritional experiment on mice. Methods In the dry biomass of Y. lipolytica S12 enriched in KYNA (high-KYNA yeast) and low-KYNA (control) yeast, the content of KYNA was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. Then, proximate and amino acid composition and selected indicators of antioxidant status were compared. The effect of 5% high-KYNA yeast content in the diet on the growth, hematological and biochemical indices of blood and the redox status of the liver was determined in a 7-week experiment on adult male mice from an outbred colony derived from A/St, BALB/c, BN/a and C57BL/6J inbred strains. Results High-KYNA yeast was characterized by a greater concentration of KYNA than low-KYNA yeast (0.80 ± 0.08 vs. 0.29 ± 0.01 g/kg dry matter), lower content of crude protein with a less favorable amino acid composition and minerals, higher level of crude fiber and fat and lower ferric-reducing antioxidant power, concentration of phenols and glutathione. Consumption of the high-KYNA yeast diet did not affect the cumulative body weight gain per cage, cumulative food intake per cage and protein efficiency ratio compared to the control diet. A trend towards lower mean corpuscular volume and hematocrit, higher mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration and lower serum total protein and globulins was observed, increased serum total cholesterol and urea were noted. Its ingestion resulted in a trend towards greater ferric-reducing antioxidant power in the liver and did not affect the degree of liver lipid and protein oxidation…
bibliographic citation: Matusiewicz et al. (2023) Effect of Yarrowia lipolytica yeast biomass with increased kynurenic acid content on selected metabolic indicators in mice. PeerJ 11:e15833 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.15833
date submitted: 2023-04-18
date accepted: 2023-07-11
issued: 2023-09-26
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Matusiewicz
  given name: Magdalena
author list: Agent
  family name: Wróbel-Kwiatkowska
  given name: Magdalena
author list: Agent
  family name: Niemiec
  given name: Tomasz
author list: Agent
  family name: Świderek
  given name: Wiesław
author list: Agent
  family name: Kosieradzka
  given name: Iwona
author list: Agent
  family name: Rosińska
  given name: Aleksandra
author list: Agent
  family name: Niwińska
  given name: Anna
author list: Agent
  family name: Rakicka-Pustułka
  given name: Magdalena
author list: Agent
  family name: Kocki
  given name: Tomasz
author list: Agent
  family name: Rymowicz
  given name: Waldemar
author list: Agent
  family name: Turski
  given name: Waldemar A.
doi: 10.7717/peerj.15833
volume: 11
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2023-09-26
copyright: © 2023 Matusiewicz et al.
attribution name: Matusiewicz et al.

Assessing climbers’ pull-up capabilities by differentiating the parameters involved in power production
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: This study explored the capabilities of sport climbers to pull up with arms. The methodology aimed at assessing (i) concentric capabilities of arm muscles, (ii) body coordination skills (iii) characteristics of energy storage and (iv) capabilities to resist fatigue. Twenty-eight climbers were tested and the force exerted was recorded during three pull-up exercises: jump tests (with or without coordination, or preceded by an eccentric phase), incrementally weighted pull-ups and maximum number of pull-ups. Force, velocity, muscle power and muscle work were analysed using ANOVA with post-hoc tests and principal component analysis. Correlations with climbing level were also studied. Overall, jump test results showed that body coordination and stretch-shortening cycle phenomena contributed significantly to performance but only the body coordination was related to the climber’s grade level. Muscle work and maximum number of pull-ups are correlated with climbing level which showed that the capacity to resist fatigue is another crucial capability of climbers arms. The development of force capacities appeared crucial for performing whereas the velocity capabilities seemed to originate from the climber’s own characteristics/style without correlating with climbing performance. Our study provides the basis for evaluating these parameters in order to help trainers in the diagnosis process and training follow-up.
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Marine Devise
creator: Franck Quaine
creator: Laurent Vigouroux
subject: Kinesiology
subject: Biomechanics
subject: Sports Medicine
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.15886
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2023 Devise et al.
abstract: This study explored the capabilities of sport climbers to pull up with arms. The methodology aimed at assessing (i) concentric capabilities of arm muscles, (ii) body coordination skills (iii) characteristics of energy storage and (iv) capabilities to resist fatigue. Twenty-eight climbers were tested and the force exerted was recorded during three pull-up exercises: jump tests (with or without coordination, or preceded by an eccentric phase), incrementally weighted pull-ups and maximum number of pull-ups. Force, velocity, muscle power and muscle work were analysed using ANOVA with post-hoc tests and principal component analysis. Correlations with climbing level were also studied. Overall, jump test results showed that body coordination and stretch-shortening cycle phenomena contributed significantly to performance but only the body coordination was related to the climber’s grade level. Muscle work and maximum number of pull-ups are correlated with climbing level which showed that the capacity to resist fatigue is another crucial capability of climbers arms. The development of force capacities appeared crucial for performing whereas the velocity capabilities seemed to originate from the climber’s own characteristics/style without correlating with climbing performance. Our study provides the basis for evaluating these parameters in order to help trainers in the diagnosis process and training follow-up.
bibliographic citation: Devise et al. (2023) Assessing climbers’ pull-up capabilities by differentiating the parameters involved in power production. PeerJ 11:e15886 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.15886
date submitted: 2023-03-23
date accepted: 2023-07-20
issued: 2023-09-26
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Devise
  given name: Marine
author list: Agent
  family name: Quaine
  given name: Franck
author list: Agent
  family name: Vigouroux
  given name: Laurent
doi: 10.7717/peerj.15886
volume: 11
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2023-09-26
copyright: ©2023 Devise et al.
attribution name: Devise et al.

Genetic connectivity and population expansion inferred from multilocus analysis in Lutjanus alexandrei (Lutjanidae–Perciformes), an endemic snapper from Northeastern Brazilian coast
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Previous studies about the genetic diversity, connectivity and demographic history in Lutjanidae fishes have reported a common pattern of genetic homogeneity and expansion in populations from Western South Atlantic. In the present work, we inferred the population structure, the levels of genetic diversity and the demographic history of the Brazilian snapper Lutjanus alexandrei, a recently described and endemic species from Northeastern coast of Brazil. Five different fragments, including mitochondrial DNA (Control Region, Cyt b and ND4) and nuclear DNA (Myostatin and S7) regions were analyzed in 120 specimens of L. alexandrei from four localities in Northeastern Brazil, representing the first study of population genetics in this species. High levels of genetic diversity were observed following a panmictic pattern, probably related to the larval dispersal by the current tides along the Brazilian coast. In addition, both demographic history and neutrality tests indicated that L. alexandrei has undergone population expansion during Pleistocene. In this sense, the sea level variation from this period could have increased the available resources and suitable habitats for the Brazilian snapper.
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Ivana Veneza
creator: Raimundo da Silva
creator: Charles Ferreira
creator: Patrícia Mendonça
creator: Iracilda Sampaio
creator: Grazielle Evangelista-Gomes
subject: Evolutionary Studies
subject: Genetics
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Zoology
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.15973
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2023 Veneza et al.
abstract: Previous studies about the genetic diversity, connectivity and demographic history in Lutjanidae fishes have reported a common pattern of genetic homogeneity and expansion in populations from Western South Atlantic. In the present work, we inferred the population structure, the levels of genetic diversity and the demographic history of the Brazilian snapper Lutjanus alexandrei, a recently described and endemic species from Northeastern coast of Brazil. Five different fragments, including mitochondrial DNA (Control Region, Cyt b and ND4) and nuclear DNA (Myostatin and S7) regions were analyzed in 120 specimens of L. alexandrei from four localities in Northeastern Brazil, representing the first study of population genetics in this species. High levels of genetic diversity were observed following a panmictic pattern, probably related to the larval dispersal by the current tides along the Brazilian coast. In addition, both demographic history and neutrality tests indicated that L. alexandrei has undergone population expansion during Pleistocene. In this sense, the sea level variation from this period could have increased the available resources and suitable habitats for the Brazilian snapper.
bibliographic citation: Veneza et al. (2023) Genetic connectivity and population expansion inferred from multilocus analysis in Lutjanus alexandrei (Lutjanidae–Perciformes), an endemic snapper from Northeastern Brazilian coast. PeerJ 11:e15973 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.15973
date submitted: 2021-06-15
date accepted: 2023-08-06
issued: 2023-09-26
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Veneza
  given name: Ivana
author list: Agent
  family name: da Silva
  given name: Raimundo
author list: Agent
  family name: Ferreira
  given name: Charles
author list: Agent
  family name: Mendonça
  given name: Patrícia
author list: Agent
  family name: Sampaio
  given name: Iracilda
author list: Agent
  family name: Evangelista-Gomes
  given name: Grazielle
doi: 10.7717/peerj.15973
volume: 11
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2023-09-26
copyright: © 2023 Veneza et al.
attribution name: Veneza et al.

TLR7 promotes skin inflammation via activating NFκB-mTORC1 axis in rosacea
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory skin disease originated from damaged skin barrier and innate/adaptive immune dysregulation. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) sense injured skin and initiate downstream inflammatory and immune responses, whose role in rosacea is not fully understood. Here, via RNA-sequencing analysis, we found that the TLR signaling pathway is the top-ranked signaling pathway enriched in rosacea skin lesions, in which TLR7 is highlighted and positively correlated with the inflammation severity of disease. In LL37-induced rosacea-like mouse models, silencing TLR7 prevented the development of rosacea-like skin inflammation. Specifically, we demonstrated that overexpressing TLR7 in keratinocytes stimulates rapamycin-sensitive mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) pathway via NFκB signaling. Ultimately, TLR7/NFκ B/mTORC1 axis promotes the production of cytokines and chemokines, leading to the migration of CD4+T cells, which are infiltrated in the lesional skin of rosacea. Our report reveals the crucial role of TLR7 in rosacea pathogenesis and indicatesa promising candidate for rosacea treatments.
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Yaqun Huang
creator: Da Liu
creator: Mengting Chen
creator: San Xu
creator: Qinqin Peng
creator: Yan Zhu
creator: Juan Long
creator: Tangxiele Liu
creator: Zhili Deng
creator: Hongfu Xie
creator: Ji Li
creator: Fangfen Liu
creator: Wenqin Xiao
subject: Dermatology
subject: Infectious Diseases
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.15976
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2023 Huang et al.
abstract: Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory skin disease originated from damaged skin barrier and innate/adaptive immune dysregulation. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) sense injured skin and initiate downstream inflammatory and immune responses, whose role in rosacea is not fully understood. Here, via RNA-sequencing analysis, we found that the TLR signaling pathway is the top-ranked signaling pathway enriched in rosacea skin lesions, in which TLR7 is highlighted and positively correlated with the inflammation severity of disease. In LL37-induced rosacea-like mouse models, silencing TLR7 prevented the development of rosacea-like skin inflammation. Specifically, we demonstrated that overexpressing TLR7 in keratinocytes stimulates rapamycin-sensitive mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) pathway via NFκB signaling. Ultimately, TLR7/NFκ B/mTORC1 axis promotes the production of cytokines and chemokines, leading to the migration of CD4+T cells, which are infiltrated in the lesional skin of rosacea. Our report reveals the crucial role of TLR7 in rosacea pathogenesis and indicatesa promising candidate for rosacea treatments.
bibliographic citation: Huang et al. (2023) TLR7 promotes skin inflammation via activating NFκB-mTORC1 axis in rosacea. PeerJ 11:e15976 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.15976
date submitted: 2023-05-02
date accepted: 2023-08-07
issued: 2023-09-26
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Huang
  given name: Yaqun
author list: Agent
  family name: Liu
  given name: Da
author list: Agent
  family name: Chen
  given name: Mengting
author list: Agent
  family name: Xu
  given name: San
author list: Agent
  family name: Peng
  given name: Qinqin
author list: Agent
  family name: Zhu
  given name: Yan
author list: Agent
  family name: Long
  given name: Juan
author list: Agent
  family name: Liu
  given name: Tangxiele
author list: Agent
  family name: Deng
  given name: Zhili
author list: Agent
  family name: Xie
  given name: Hongfu
author list: Agent
  family name: Li
  given name: Ji
author list: Agent
  family name: Liu
  given name: Fangfen
author list: Agent
  family name: Xiao
  given name: Wenqin
doi: 10.7717/peerj.15976
volume: 11
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2023-09-26
copyright: ©2023 Huang et al.
attribution name: Huang et al.

Soil microbial and enzyme activities in different land use systems of the Northwestern Himalayas
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Soil microbial activity (SMA) is vital concerning carbon cycling, and its functioning is recognized as the primary factor in modifying soil carbon storage potential. The composition of the microbial community (MC) is significant in sustaining environmental services because the structure and activity of MC also influence nutrient turnover, distribution, and the breakdown rate of soil organic matter. SMA is an essential predictor of soil quality alterations, and microbiome responsiveness is imperative in addressing the escalating sustainability concerns in the Himalayan ecosystem. This study was conducted to evaluate the response of soil microbial and enzyme activities to land conversions in the Northwestern Himalayas (NWH), India. Soil samples were collected from five land use systems (LUSs), including forest, pasture, apple, saffron, and paddy-oilseed, up to a depth of 90 cm. The results revealed a significant difference (p < 0.05) in terms of dehydrogenase (9.97–11.83 TPF µg g−1 day−1), acid phosphatase (22.40–48.43 µg P-NP g−1 h−1), alkaline phosphatase (43.50–61.35 µg P-NP g−1 h−1), arylsulphatase (36.33–48.12 µg P-NP g−1 h−1), fluorescein diacetate hydrolase (12.18–21.59 µg g−1 h−1), bacterial count (67.67–123.33 CFU × 106 g−1), fungal count (19.33–67.00 CFU × 105 g−1), and actinomycetes count (12.00–42.33 CFU × 104 g−1), with the highest and lowest levels in forest soils and paddy-oilseed soils, respectively. Soil enzyme activities and microbial counts followed a pattern: forest > pasture > apple > saffron > paddy-oilseed at all three depths. Paddy-oilseed soils exhibited up to 35% lower enzyme activities than forest soils, implying that land conversion facilitates the depletion of microbiome diversity from surface soils. Additionally, reductions of 49.80% and 62.91% were observed in enzyme activity and microbial counts, respectively, with soil depth (from 0–30 to 60–90 cm). Moreover, the relationship analysis (principal component analysis and correlation) reve…
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Yasir Hanif Mir
creator: Mumtaz Ahmad Ganie
creator: Tajamul Islam Shah
creator: Shabir Ahmed Bangroo
creator: Shakeel Ahmad Mir
creator: Aanisa Manzoor Shah
creator: Fehim Jeelani Wani
creator: Anzhen Qin
creator: Shafeeq Ur Rahman
subject: Agricultural Science
subject: Soil Science
subject: Natural Resource Management
subject: Food, Water and Energy Nexus
subject: Forestry
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.15993
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2023 Mir et al.
abstract: Soil microbial activity (SMA) is vital concerning carbon cycling, and its functioning is recognized as the primary factor in modifying soil carbon storage potential. The composition of the microbial community (MC) is significant in sustaining environmental services because the structure and activity of MC also influence nutrient turnover, distribution, and the breakdown rate of soil organic matter. SMA is an essential predictor of soil quality alterations, and microbiome responsiveness is imperative in addressing the escalating sustainability concerns in the Himalayan ecosystem. This study was conducted to evaluate the response of soil microbial and enzyme activities to land conversions in the Northwestern Himalayas (NWH), India. Soil samples were collected from five land use systems (LUSs), including forest, pasture, apple, saffron, and paddy-oilseed, up to a depth of 90 cm. The results revealed a significant difference (p < 0.05) in terms of dehydrogenase (9.97–11.83 TPF µg g−1 day−1), acid phosphatase (22.40–48.43 µg P-NP g−1 h−1), alkaline phosphatase (43.50–61.35 µg P-NP g−1 h−1), arylsulphatase (36.33–48.12 µg P-NP g−1 h−1), fluorescein diacetate hydrolase (12.18–21.59 µg g−1 h−1), bacterial count (67.67–123.33 CFU × 106 g−1), fungal count (19.33–67.00 CFU × 105 g−1), and actinomycetes count (12.00–42.33 CFU × 104 g−1), with the highest and lowest levels in forest soils and paddy-oilseed soils, respectively. Soil enzyme activities and microbial counts followed a pattern: forest > pasture > apple > saffron > paddy-oilseed at all three depths. Paddy-oilseed soils exhibited up to 35% lower enzyme activities than forest soils, implying that land conversion facilitates the depletion of microbiome diversity from surface soils. Additionally, reductions of 49.80% and 62.91% were observed in enzyme activity and microbial counts, respectively, with soil depth (from 0–30 to 60–90 cm). Moreover, the relationship analysis (principal component analysis and correlation) reve…
bibliographic citation: Mir et al. (2023) Soil microbial and enzyme activities in different land use systems of the Northwestern Himalayas. PeerJ 11:e15993 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.15993
date submitted: 2023-05-16
date accepted: 2023-08-08
issued: 2023-09-26
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
author list: Agent
  family name: Mir
  given name: Yasir Hanif
author list: Agent
  family name: Ganie
  given name: Mumtaz Ahmad
author list: Agent
  family name: Shah
  given name: Tajamul Islam
author list: Agent
  family name: Bangroo
  given name: Shabir Ahmed
author list: Agent
  family name: Mir
  given name: Shakeel Ahmad
author list: Agent
  family name: Shah
  given name: Aanisa Manzoor
author list: Agent
  family name: Wani
  given name: Fehim Jeelani
author list: Agent
  family name: Qin
  given name: Anzhen
author list: Agent
  family name: Rahman
  given name: Shafeeq Ur
doi: 10.7717/peerj.15993
volume: 11
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2023-09-26
copyright: © 2023 Mir et al.
attribution name: Mir et al.

PeerJ
type: Periodical
uri: PeerJ
issn: 2167-8359