PeerJ
type: channel
link: https://peerj.com/articles/
description: Articles published in PeerJ
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
publication name: PeerJ
issn: 2167-8359
items: Biodegradation of crystal violet by newly isolated bacteria
items: Migraine eye: correlation between migraine and the retina
items: Exogenous application of 5-NGS increased osmotic stress resistance by improving leaf photosynthetic physiology and antioxidant capacity in maize
items: Evaluation of a cadaveric wrist motion simulator using marker-based X-ray reconstruction of moving morphology
items: Assessment of medical information on irritable bowel syndrome information in Wikipedia and Baidu Encyclopedia: comparative study
items: Polymorphism in the aggressive mimicry lure of the parasitic freshwater mussel Lampsilis fasciola
items: Wearing surgical face mask has no significant impact on auscultation assessment
items: Comparative evaluation of the sleep quality metrics between a cardboard bed and a camp cot: a randomized controlled crossover study
items: Using a golf specific functional movement screen to predict golf performance in collegiate golfers
items: Physical activity and self-efficacy in college students: the mediating role of grit and the moderating role of gender

Biodegradation of crystal violet by newly isolated bacteria
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Confronting the environmental threat posed by textile dyes, this study highlights bioremediation as a pivotal solution to mitigate the impacts of Crystal Violet, a widely-utilized triphenylmethane dye known for its mutagenic and mitotic toxicity. We isolated and identified several bacterial strains capable of degrading Crystal Violet under various environmental conditions. Newly identified strains, including Mycolicibacterium nivoides, Chryseobacterium sp., Agrobacterium rhizogenes, Pseudomonas crudilactis, and Pseudomonas koreensis demonstrated significant decolorization activity of Crystal Violet, complementing the already known capabilities of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Initial experiments using crude extracts confirmed their degradation potential, followed by detailed studies that investigated the impact of different pH levels and temperatures on some strains’ degradation efficiency. Depending on the bacteria, the degree of activity change according to pH and temperature was different. At 37 °C, Chryseobacterium sp. and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia exhibited higher degradation activity compared to 25 °C, while Pseudomonas crudilactis and Mycolicibacterium nivoides did not exhibit a statistically significant difference between the two temperatures. Mycolicibacterium nivoides performed optimally at pH 8, while Pseudomonas crudilactis showed high activity at pH 5. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia’s activity remained consistent across the pH range. These findings not only underscore the effectiveness of these bacteria as agents for Crystal Violet degradation but also pave the way for their application in large-scale bioremediation processes for the treatment of textile effluents, marking them as vital to environmental sustainability efforts.
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Soon Jun Kwak
creator: Jiyul Park
creator: Yuri Sim
creator: Hisu Choi
creator: Jein Cho
creator: Young-Man Lee
subject: Microbiology
subject: Ecotoxicology
subject: Environmental Contamination and Remediation
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.17442
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2024 Kwak et al.
abstract: Confronting the environmental threat posed by textile dyes, this study highlights bioremediation as a pivotal solution to mitigate the impacts of Crystal Violet, a widely-utilized triphenylmethane dye known for its mutagenic and mitotic toxicity. We isolated and identified several bacterial strains capable of degrading Crystal Violet under various environmental conditions. Newly identified strains, including Mycolicibacterium nivoides, Chryseobacterium sp., Agrobacterium rhizogenes, Pseudomonas crudilactis, and Pseudomonas koreensis demonstrated significant decolorization activity of Crystal Violet, complementing the already known capabilities of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Initial experiments using crude extracts confirmed their degradation potential, followed by detailed studies that investigated the impact of different pH levels and temperatures on some strains’ degradation efficiency. Depending on the bacteria, the degree of activity change according to pH and temperature was different. At 37 °C, Chryseobacterium sp. and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia exhibited higher degradation activity compared to 25 °C, while Pseudomonas crudilactis and Mycolicibacterium nivoides did not exhibit a statistically significant difference between the two temperatures. Mycolicibacterium nivoides performed optimally at pH 8, while Pseudomonas crudilactis showed high activity at pH 5. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia’s activity remained consistent across the pH range. These findings not only underscore the effectiveness of these bacteria as agents for Crystal Violet degradation but also pave the way for their application in large-scale bioremediation processes for the treatment of textile effluents, marking them as vital to environmental sustainability efforts.
bibliographic citation: Kwak et al. (2024) Biodegradation of crystal violet by newly isolated bacteria. PeerJ 12:e17442 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.17442
date submitted: 2024-02-13
date accepted: 2024-04-30
issued: 2024-05-27
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Kwak
  given name: Soon Jun
author list: Agent
  family name: Park
  given name: Jiyul
author list: Agent
  family name: Sim
  given name: Yuri
author list: Agent
  family name: Choi
  given name: Hisu
author list: Agent
  family name: Cho
  given name: Jein
author list: Agent
  family name: Lee
  given name: Young-Man
doi: 10.7717/peerj.17442
volume: 12
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2024-05-27
copyright: © 2024 Kwak et al.
attribution name: Kwak et al.

Migraine eye: correlation between migraine and the retina
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Background Activation of the trigeminal vascular system in migraine releases vasoactive neurotransmitters, causing abnormal vasoconstriction, which may affect the ocular system, leading to retinal damage. The purpose of our study was to determine whether there are differences in each retinal layer between migraine patients and healthy subjects. Methods A case-control study recruited 38 migraine patients and 38 age- and sex-matched controls. Optical coherence tomography was used to measure the thickness of the peripapillary and macular retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL and mRNFL), ganglion cell layer (GCL), inner plexiform layer (IPL), and inner nuclear layer (INL). Results The mean ages of the migraine patients and controls were 36.29 ± 9.45 and 36.45 ± 9.27 years, respectively. Thirty-four patients (89.48%) in both groups were female. The mean disability score was 19.63 ± 20.44 (indicating severe disability). The superior-outer INL of migraine patients were thicker than controls. Thickness of the GCL at temporal-outer sector and mRNFL at the superior-outer sector of the headache-side eyes was reduced. However, the INL of the headache-side-eye showed negative correlation with the disability score. This is the first study having found thinning of the GCL and mRNFL of the headache-side eyes. The INL was also thickened in migraines but showed negative correlation with the disability score. Conclusions Increased INL thickness in migraine patients may result from inflammation. The more severe cases with a high disability score might suffered progressive retinal neuronal loss, resulting in thinner INL than less severe cases.
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Lunla Udomwech
creator: Rini Sulastiwaty
creator: Doungkamol Siriarchawawat
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Neurology
subject: Ophthalmology
subject: Radiology and Medical Imaging
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.17454
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2024 Udomwech et al.
abstract: Background Activation of the trigeminal vascular system in migraine releases vasoactive neurotransmitters, causing abnormal vasoconstriction, which may affect the ocular system, leading to retinal damage. The purpose of our study was to determine whether there are differences in each retinal layer between migraine patients and healthy subjects. Methods A case-control study recruited 38 migraine patients and 38 age- and sex-matched controls. Optical coherence tomography was used to measure the thickness of the peripapillary and macular retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL and mRNFL), ganglion cell layer (GCL), inner plexiform layer (IPL), and inner nuclear layer (INL). Results The mean ages of the migraine patients and controls were 36.29 ± 9.45 and 36.45 ± 9.27 years, respectively. Thirty-four patients (89.48%) in both groups were female. The mean disability score was 19.63 ± 20.44 (indicating severe disability). The superior-outer INL of migraine patients were thicker than controls. Thickness of the GCL at temporal-outer sector and mRNFL at the superior-outer sector of the headache-side eyes was reduced. However, the INL of the headache-side-eye showed negative correlation with the disability score. This is the first study having found thinning of the GCL and mRNFL of the headache-side eyes. The INL was also thickened in migraines but showed negative correlation with the disability score. Conclusions Increased INL thickness in migraine patients may result from inflammation. The more severe cases with a high disability score might suffered progressive retinal neuronal loss, resulting in thinner INL than less severe cases.
bibliographic citation: Udomwech et al. (2024) Migraine eye: correlation between migraine and the retina. PeerJ 12:e17454 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.17454
date submitted: 2024-01-25
date accepted: 2024-05-03
issued: 2024-05-27
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Udomwech
  given name: Lunla
author list: Agent
  family name: Sulastiwaty
  given name: Rini
author list: Agent
  family name: Siriarchawawat
  given name: Doungkamol
doi: 10.7717/peerj.17454
volume: 12
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2024-05-27
copyright: © 2024 Udomwech et al.
attribution name: Udomwech et al.

Exogenous application of 5-NGS increased osmotic stress resistance by improving leaf photosynthetic physiology and antioxidant capacity in maize
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Background Drought is a critical limiting factor affecting the growth and development of spring maize (Zea mays L.) seedlings in northeastern China. Sodium 5-nitroguaiacol (5-NGS) has been found to enhance plant cell metabolism and promote seedling growth, which may increase drought tolerance. Methods In the present study, we investigated the response of maize seedlings to foliar application of a 5-NGS solution under osmotic stress induced by polyethylene glycol (PEG-6000). Four treatment groups were established: foliar application of distilled water (CK), foliar application of 5-NGS (NS), osmotic stress + foliar application of distilled water (D), and osmotic stress + foliar application of 5-NGS (DN). Plant characteristics including growth and photosynthetic and antioxidant capacities under the four treatments were evaluated. Results The results showed that under osmotic stress, the growth of maize seedlings was inhibited, and both the photosynthetic and antioxidant capacities were weakened. Additionally, there were significant increases in the proline and soluble sugar contents and a decrease in seedling relative water content (RWC). However, applying 5-NGS alleviated the impact of osmotic stress on maize seedling growth parameters, particularly the belowground biomass, with a dry mass change of less than 5% and increased relative water content (RWC). Moreover, treatment with 5-NGS mitigated the inhibition of photosynthesis caused by osmotic stress by restoring the net photosynthetic rate (Pn) through an increase in chlorophyll content, photosynthetic electron transport, and intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci). Furthermore, the activity of antioxidant enzymes in the aboveground parts recovered, resulting in an approximately 25% decrease in both malondialdehyde (MDA) and H2O2. Remarkably, the activity of enzymes in the underground parts exhibited more significant changes, with the contents of MDA and H2O2 decreasing by more than 50%. Finally, 5-NGS stimulated the …
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Deguang Yang
creator: Zhifeng Gao
creator: Yuqi Liu
creator: Qiao Li
creator: Jingjing Yang
creator: Yanbo Wang
creator: Meiyu Wang
creator: Tenglong Xie
creator: Meng Zhang
creator: Hao Sun
subject: Agricultural Science
subject: Environmental Sciences
subject: Plant Science
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.17474
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2024 Yang et al.
abstract: Background Drought is a critical limiting factor affecting the growth and development of spring maize (Zea mays L.) seedlings in northeastern China. Sodium 5-nitroguaiacol (5-NGS) has been found to enhance plant cell metabolism and promote seedling growth, which may increase drought tolerance. Methods In the present study, we investigated the response of maize seedlings to foliar application of a 5-NGS solution under osmotic stress induced by polyethylene glycol (PEG-6000). Four treatment groups were established: foliar application of distilled water (CK), foliar application of 5-NGS (NS), osmotic stress + foliar application of distilled water (D), and osmotic stress + foliar application of 5-NGS (DN). Plant characteristics including growth and photosynthetic and antioxidant capacities under the four treatments were evaluated. Results The results showed that under osmotic stress, the growth of maize seedlings was inhibited, and both the photosynthetic and antioxidant capacities were weakened. Additionally, there were significant increases in the proline and soluble sugar contents and a decrease in seedling relative water content (RWC). However, applying 5-NGS alleviated the impact of osmotic stress on maize seedling growth parameters, particularly the belowground biomass, with a dry mass change of less than 5% and increased relative water content (RWC). Moreover, treatment with 5-NGS mitigated the inhibition of photosynthesis caused by osmotic stress by restoring the net photosynthetic rate (Pn) through an increase in chlorophyll content, photosynthetic electron transport, and intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci). Furthermore, the activity of antioxidant enzymes in the aboveground parts recovered, resulting in an approximately 25% decrease in both malondialdehyde (MDA) and H2O2. Remarkably, the activity of enzymes in the underground parts exhibited more significant changes, with the contents of MDA and H2O2 decreasing by more than 50%. Finally, 5-NGS stimulated the …
bibliographic citation: Yang et al. (2024) Exogenous application of 5-NGS increased osmotic stress resistance by improving leaf photosynthetic physiology and antioxidant capacity in maize. PeerJ 12:e17474 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.17474
date submitted: 2024-02-02
date accepted: 2024-05-06
issued: 2024-05-27
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Yang
  given name: Deguang
author list: Agent
  family name: Gao
  given name: Zhifeng
author list: Agent
  family name: Liu
  given name: Yuqi
author list: Agent
  family name: Li
  given name: Qiao
author list: Agent
  family name: Yang
  given name: Jingjing
author list: Agent
  family name: Wang
  given name: Yanbo
author list: Agent
  family name: Wang
  given name: Meiyu
author list: Agent
  family name: Xie
  given name: Tenglong
author list: Agent
  family name: Zhang
  given name: Meng
author list: Agent
  family name: Sun
  given name: Hao
doi: 10.7717/peerj.17474
volume: 12
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2024-05-27
copyright: ©2024 Yang et al.
attribution name: Yang et al.

Evaluation of a cadaveric wrist motion simulator using marker-based X-ray reconstruction of moving morphology
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Surgical intervention is a common option for the treatment of wrist joint arthritis and traumatic wrist injury. Whether this surgery is arthrodesis or a motion preserving procedure such as arthroplasty, wrist joint biomechanics are inevitably altered. To evaluate effects of surgery on parameters such as range of motion, efficiency and carpal kinematics, repeatable and controlled motion of cadaveric specimens is required. This study describes the development of a device that enables cadaveric wrist motion to be simulated before and after motion preserving surgery in a highly controlled manner. The simulator achieves joint motion through the application of predetermined displacements to the five major tendons of the wrist, and records tendon forces. A pilot experiment using six wrists aimed to evaluate its accuracy and reproducibility. Biplanar X-ray videoradiography (BPVR) and X-Ray Reconstruction of Moving Morphology (XROMM) were used to measure overall wrist angles before and after total wrist arthroplasty. The simulator was able to produce flexion, extension, radioulnar deviation, dart thrower’s motion and circumduction within previously reported functional ranges of motion. Pre- and post-surgical wrist angles did not significantly differ. Intra-specimen motion trials were repeatable; root mean square errors between individual trials and average wrist angle and tendon force profiles were below 1° and 2 N respectively. Inter-specimen variation was higher, likely due to anatomical variation and lack of wrist position feedback. In conclusion, combining repeatable intra-specimen cadaveric motion simulation with BPVR and XROMM can be used to determine potential effects of motion preserving surgeries on wrist range of motion and biomechanics.
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Joanna Glanville
creator: Karl T. Bates
creator: Daniel Brown
creator: Daniel Potts
creator: John Curran
creator: Sebastiano Fichera
subject: Anatomy and Physiology
subject: Orthopedics
subject: Biomechanics
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.17179
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2024 Glanville et al.
abstract: Surgical intervention is a common option for the treatment of wrist joint arthritis and traumatic wrist injury. Whether this surgery is arthrodesis or a motion preserving procedure such as arthroplasty, wrist joint biomechanics are inevitably altered. To evaluate effects of surgery on parameters such as range of motion, efficiency and carpal kinematics, repeatable and controlled motion of cadaveric specimens is required. This study describes the development of a device that enables cadaveric wrist motion to be simulated before and after motion preserving surgery in a highly controlled manner. The simulator achieves joint motion through the application of predetermined displacements to the five major tendons of the wrist, and records tendon forces. A pilot experiment using six wrists aimed to evaluate its accuracy and reproducibility. Biplanar X-ray videoradiography (BPVR) and X-Ray Reconstruction of Moving Morphology (XROMM) were used to measure overall wrist angles before and after total wrist arthroplasty. The simulator was able to produce flexion, extension, radioulnar deviation, dart thrower’s motion and circumduction within previously reported functional ranges of motion. Pre- and post-surgical wrist angles did not significantly differ. Intra-specimen motion trials were repeatable; root mean square errors between individual trials and average wrist angle and tendon force profiles were below 1° and 2 N respectively. Inter-specimen variation was higher, likely due to anatomical variation and lack of wrist position feedback. In conclusion, combining repeatable intra-specimen cadaveric motion simulation with BPVR and XROMM can be used to determine potential effects of motion preserving surgeries on wrist range of motion and biomechanics.
bibliographic citation: Glanville et al. (2024) Evaluation of a cadaveric wrist motion simulator using marker-based X-ray reconstruction of moving morphology. PeerJ 12:e17179 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.17179
date submitted: 2023-12-01
date accepted: 2024-04-05
issued: 2024-05-24
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Glanville
  given name: Joanna
author list: Agent
  family name: Bates
  given name: Karl T.
author list: Agent
  family name: Brown
  given name: Daniel
author list: Agent
  family name: Potts
  given name: Daniel
author list: Agent
  family name: Curran
  given name: John
author list: Agent
  family name: Fichera
  given name: Sebastiano
doi: 10.7717/peerj.17179
volume: 12
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2024-05-24
copyright: ©2024 Glanville et al.
attribution name: Glanville et al.

Assessment of medical information on irritable bowel syndrome information in Wikipedia and Baidu Encyclopedia: comparative study
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Background Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional gastrointestinal disorder (FGID) with heterogeneous clinical presentations. There are no clear testing parameters for its diagnosis, and the complex pathophysiology of IBS and the limited time that doctors have to spend with patients makes it difficult to adequately educate patients in the outpatient setting. An increased awareness of IBS means that patients are more likely to self-diagnose and self-manage IBS based on their own symptoms. These factors may make patients more likely to turn to Internet resources. Wikipedia is the most popular online encyclopedia among English-speaking users, with numerous validations. However, in Mandarin-speaking regions, the Baidu Encyclopedia is most commonly used. There have been no studies on the reliability, readability, and objectivity of IBS information on the two sites. This is an urgent issue as these platforms are accessed by approximately 1.45 billion people. Objective We compared the IBS content on Wikipedia (in English) and Baidu Baike (in Chinese), two online encyclopedias, in terms of reliability, readability, and objectivity. Methods The Baidu Encyclopedia (in Chinese) and Wikipedia (in English) were evaluated based on the Rome IV IBS definitions and diagnoses. All possible synonyms and derivatives for IBS and IBS-related FGIDs were screened and identified. Two gastroenterology experts evaluated the scores of articles for both sites using the DISCERN instrument, the Journal of the American Medical Association scoring system (JAMA), and the Global Quality Score (GQS). Results Wikipedia scored higher overall with DISCERN (p < .0001), JAMA (p < .0001) and GQS (p < .05) than the Baidu Encyclopedia. Specifically, Wikipedia scored higher in DISCERN Section 1 (p < .0001), DISCERN Section 2 (p < .01), DISCERN Section 3 (p < .001), and the General DISCERN score (p < .0001) than the Baidu Encyclopedia. Both sites had low DISCERN Section 2 scores (p = .18). Wikipedia als…
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Xi Li
creator: Kexin Chen
creator: Yongbin Jia
creator: Fang Yin
creator: Xi Wen
creator: Chunhui Wang
creator: Zhipeng Li
creator: Hu Zhang
subject: Gastroenterology and Hepatology
subject: Global Health
subject: Public Health
subject: Translational Medicine
subject: Healthcare Services
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.17264
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2024 Li et al.
abstract: Background Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional gastrointestinal disorder (FGID) with heterogeneous clinical presentations. There are no clear testing parameters for its diagnosis, and the complex pathophysiology of IBS and the limited time that doctors have to spend with patients makes it difficult to adequately educate patients in the outpatient setting. An increased awareness of IBS means that patients are more likely to self-diagnose and self-manage IBS based on their own symptoms. These factors may make patients more likely to turn to Internet resources. Wikipedia is the most popular online encyclopedia among English-speaking users, with numerous validations. However, in Mandarin-speaking regions, the Baidu Encyclopedia is most commonly used. There have been no studies on the reliability, readability, and objectivity of IBS information on the two sites. This is an urgent issue as these platforms are accessed by approximately 1.45 billion people. Objective We compared the IBS content on Wikipedia (in English) and Baidu Baike (in Chinese), two online encyclopedias, in terms of reliability, readability, and objectivity. Methods The Baidu Encyclopedia (in Chinese) and Wikipedia (in English) were evaluated based on the Rome IV IBS definitions and diagnoses. All possible synonyms and derivatives for IBS and IBS-related FGIDs were screened and identified. Two gastroenterology experts evaluated the scores of articles for both sites using the DISCERN instrument, the Journal of the American Medical Association scoring system (JAMA), and the Global Quality Score (GQS). Results Wikipedia scored higher overall with DISCERN (p < .0001), JAMA (p < .0001) and GQS (p < .05) than the Baidu Encyclopedia. Specifically, Wikipedia scored higher in DISCERN Section 1 (p < .0001), DISCERN Section 2 (p < .01), DISCERN Section 3 (p < .001), and the General DISCERN score (p < .0001) than the Baidu Encyclopedia. Both sites had low DISCERN Section 2 scores (p = .18). Wikipedia als…
bibliographic citation: Li et al. (2024) Assessment of medical information on irritable bowel syndrome information in Wikipedia and Baidu Encyclopedia: comparative study. PeerJ 12:e17264 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.17264
date submitted: 2023-05-17
date accepted: 2024-03-28
issued: 2024-05-24
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Li
  given name: Xi
author list: Agent
  family name: Chen
  given name: Kexin
author list: Agent
  family name: Jia
  given name: Yongbin
author list: Agent
  family name: Yin
  given name: Fang
author list: Agent
  family name: Wen
  given name: Xi
author list: Agent
  family name: Wang
  given name: Chunhui
author list: Agent
  family name: Li
  given name: Zhipeng
author list: Agent
  family name: Zhang
  given name: Hu
doi: 10.7717/peerj.17264
volume: 12
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2024-05-24
copyright: ©2024 Li et al.
attribution name: Li et al.

Polymorphism in the aggressive mimicry lure of the parasitic freshwater mussel Lampsilis fasciola
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Unionoid freshwater mussels (Bivalvia: Unionidae) are free-living apart from a brief, obligately parasitic, larval stage that infects fish hosts, and gravid female mussels have evolved a spectrum of strategies to infect fish hosts with their larvae. In many North American species, this involves displaying a mantle lure: a pigmented fleshy extension that acts as an aggressive mimic of a host fish prey, thereby eliciting a feeding response that results in host infection. The mantle lure of Lampsilis fasciola is of particular interest because it is apparently polymorphic, with two distinct primary lure phenotypes. One, described as “darter-like”, has “eyespots”, a mottled body coloration, prominent marginal extensions, and a distinct “tail”. The other, described as “worm-like”, lacks those features and has an orange and black coloration. We investigated this phenomenon using genomics, captive rearing, biogeographic, and behavioral analyses. Within-brood lure variation and within-population phylogenomic (ddRAD-seq) analyses of individuals bearing different lures confirmed that this phenomenon is a true polymorphism. The relative abundance of the two morphs appears stable over ecological timeframes: the ratio of the two lure phenotypes in a River Raisin (MI) population in 2017 was consistent with that of museum samples collected at the same site six decades earlier. Within the River Raisin, four main “darter-like” lure motifs visually approximated four co-occurring darter species (Etheostoma blennioides, E. exile, E. microperca, and Percina maculata), and the “worm-like” lure resembled a widespread common leech, Macrobdella decora. Darters and leeches are typical prey of Micropterus dolomieui (smallmouth bass), the primary fish host of L. fasciola. In situ field recordings of the L. fasciola “darter” and “leech” lure display behaviors, and the lure display of co-occurring congener L. cardium, were captured. Despite having putative models in distinct phyla, both L. fascio…
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Trevor L. Hewitt
creator: Paul D. Johnson
creator: Michael Buntin
creator: Talia Y. Moore
creator: Diarmaid Ó Foighil
subject: Animal Behavior
subject: Aquaculture, Fisheries and Fish Science
subject: Ecology
subject: Zoology
subject: Freshwater Biology
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.17359
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2024 Hewitt et al.
abstract: Unionoid freshwater mussels (Bivalvia: Unionidae) are free-living apart from a brief, obligately parasitic, larval stage that infects fish hosts, and gravid female mussels have evolved a spectrum of strategies to infect fish hosts with their larvae. In many North American species, this involves displaying a mantle lure: a pigmented fleshy extension that acts as an aggressive mimic of a host fish prey, thereby eliciting a feeding response that results in host infection. The mantle lure of Lampsilis fasciola is of particular interest because it is apparently polymorphic, with two distinct primary lure phenotypes. One, described as “darter-like”, has “eyespots”, a mottled body coloration, prominent marginal extensions, and a distinct “tail”. The other, described as “worm-like”, lacks those features and has an orange and black coloration. We investigated this phenomenon using genomics, captive rearing, biogeographic, and behavioral analyses. Within-brood lure variation and within-population phylogenomic (ddRAD-seq) analyses of individuals bearing different lures confirmed that this phenomenon is a true polymorphism. The relative abundance of the two morphs appears stable over ecological timeframes: the ratio of the two lure phenotypes in a River Raisin (MI) population in 2017 was consistent with that of museum samples collected at the same site six decades earlier. Within the River Raisin, four main “darter-like” lure motifs visually approximated four co-occurring darter species (Etheostoma blennioides, E. exile, E. microperca, and Percina maculata), and the “worm-like” lure resembled a widespread common leech, Macrobdella decora. Darters and leeches are typical prey of Micropterus dolomieui (smallmouth bass), the primary fish host of L. fasciola. In situ field recordings of the L. fasciola “darter” and “leech” lure display behaviors, and the lure display of co-occurring congener L. cardium, were captured. Despite having putative models in distinct phyla, both L. fascio…
bibliographic citation: Hewitt et al. (2024) Polymorphism in the aggressive mimicry lure of the parasitic freshwater mussel Lampsilis fasciola. PeerJ 12:e17359 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.17359
date submitted: 2023-08-16
date accepted: 2024-04-18
issued: 2024-05-24
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Hewitt
  given name: Trevor L.
author list: Agent
  family name: Johnson
  given name: Paul D.
author list: Agent
  family name: Buntin
  given name: Michael
author list: Agent
  family name: Moore
  given name: Talia Y.
author list: Agent
  family name: Ó Foighil
  given name: Diarmaid
doi: 10.7717/peerj.17359
volume: 12
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2024-05-24
copyright: © 2024 Hewitt et al.
attribution name: Hewitt et al.

Wearing surgical face mask has no significant impact on auscultation assessment
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Objective During the COVID-19 pandemic, universal mask-wearing became one of the main public health interventions. Because of this, most physical examinations, including lung auscultation, were done while patients were wearing surgical face masks. The aim of this study was to investigate whether mask wearing has an impact on pulmonologist assessment during auscultation of the lungs. Methods This was a repeated measures crossover design study. Three pulmonologists were instructed to auscultate patients with previously verified prolonged expiration, wheezing, or crackles while patients were wearing or not wearing masks (physician and patients were separated by an opaque barrier). As a measure of pulmonologists’ agreement in the assessment of lung sounds, we used Fleiss kappa (K). Results There was no significant difference in agreement on physician assessment of lung sounds in all three categories (normal lung sound, duration of expiration, and adventitious lung sound) whether the patient was wearing a mask or not, but there were significant differences among pulmonologists when it came to agreement of lung sound assessment. Conclusion Clinicians and health professionals are safer from respiratory infections when they are wearing masks, and patients should be encouraged to wear masks because our research proved no significant difference in agreement on pulmonologists’ assessment of auscultated lung sounds whether or not patients wore masks.
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Ivana Folnožić
creator: Marija Gomerčić Palčić
creator: Matilda Sabljak
creator: Ena Vučak
creator: Luka Vrbanić
creator: Marija Mandić Perić
creator: Fanika Mrsić
creator: Aljoša Šikić
creator: Ivan Ivanovski
subject: Epidemiology
subject: Health Policy
subject: Internal Medicine
subject: Public Health
subject: Respiratory Medicine
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.17368
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2024 Folnožić et al.
abstract: Objective During the COVID-19 pandemic, universal mask-wearing became one of the main public health interventions. Because of this, most physical examinations, including lung auscultation, were done while patients were wearing surgical face masks. The aim of this study was to investigate whether mask wearing has an impact on pulmonologist assessment during auscultation of the lungs. Methods This was a repeated measures crossover design study. Three pulmonologists were instructed to auscultate patients with previously verified prolonged expiration, wheezing, or crackles while patients were wearing or not wearing masks (physician and patients were separated by an opaque barrier). As a measure of pulmonologists’ agreement in the assessment of lung sounds, we used Fleiss kappa (K). Results There was no significant difference in agreement on physician assessment of lung sounds in all three categories (normal lung sound, duration of expiration, and adventitious lung sound) whether the patient was wearing a mask or not, but there were significant differences among pulmonologists when it came to agreement of lung sound assessment. Conclusion Clinicians and health professionals are safer from respiratory infections when they are wearing masks, and patients should be encouraged to wear masks because our research proved no significant difference in agreement on pulmonologists’ assessment of auscultated lung sounds whether or not patients wore masks.
bibliographic citation: Folnožić et al. (2024) Wearing surgical face mask has no significant impact on auscultation assessment. PeerJ 12:e17368 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.17368
date submitted: 2023-11-02
date accepted: 2024-04-18
issued: 2024-05-24
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Folnožić
  given name: Ivana
author list: Agent
  family name: Gomerčić Palčić
  given name: Marija
author list: Agent
  family name: Sabljak
  given name: Matilda
author list: Agent
  family name: Vučak
  given name: Ena
author list: Agent
  family name: Vrbanić
  given name: Luka
author list: Agent
  family name: Mandić Perić
  given name: Marija
author list: Agent
  family name: Mrsić
  given name: Fanika
author list: Agent
  family name: Šikić
  given name: Aljoša
author list: Agent
  family name: Ivanovski
  given name: Ivan
doi: 10.7717/peerj.17368
volume: 12
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2024-05-24
copyright: ©2024 Folnožić et al.
attribution name: Folnožić et al.

Comparative evaluation of the sleep quality metrics between a cardboard bed and a camp cot: a randomized controlled crossover study
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Background Health-beneficial emergency bedding has become increasingly important for dealing with natural disasters such as the anticipated Nankai Trough earthquake in Japan. When the Great East Japan Earthquake occurred, cardboard beds were provided to evacuees. However, there were concerns about lower back pain and sleep disturbances, as cardboard beds offer insufficient pressure distribution. This study aimed to compare the effects of cardboard beds with those of foldable camp cots on sleep quality. Methods A randomized controlled crossover study involving 20 healthy participants aged 18–45 years was conducted between June 2022 and January 2023. Participants were asked to sleep for one night on a camp cot and for another night on a cardboard bed, with a minimum three-day washout period between the two nights. Body pressure distribution and sleep metrics obtained from polysomnography (PSG) and questionnaires were compared between the two-bed types (P < 0.05). Results The camp cot exhibited better body pressure distribution than a cardboard bed, leading to improved sleep satisfaction, bedding comfort, and reduced morning sleepiness. Nevertheless, polysomnography revealed no notable differences in sleep metrics or sleep architecture between the two types of beds. Conclusions Our findings indicate that cardboard beds have lower pressure dispersion capabilities than camp cots, leading to an increased number of position changes during sleep. Additionally, subjective sleep quality, such as alertness on waking, sleep comfort, and sleep satisfaction, was lower for cardboard beds, suggesting that camp cots might offer a more comfortable bedding option for evacuees. However, there were no discernible differences between the two-bed types in terms of objective sleep metrics derived from PSG. The potential for sleep disturbances caused by lower back pain from a hard mattress has been noted, and it is possible that a single night’s experience in healthy individuals might not b…
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Seiji Hamanishi
creator: Airi Miki
creator: Shinsuke Sasaki
subject: Health Policy
subject: Public Health
subject: Environmental Health
subject: Healthcare Services
subject: Biomechanics
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.17392
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2024 Hamanishi et al.
abstract: Background Health-beneficial emergency bedding has become increasingly important for dealing with natural disasters such as the anticipated Nankai Trough earthquake in Japan. When the Great East Japan Earthquake occurred, cardboard beds were provided to evacuees. However, there were concerns about lower back pain and sleep disturbances, as cardboard beds offer insufficient pressure distribution. This study aimed to compare the effects of cardboard beds with those of foldable camp cots on sleep quality. Methods A randomized controlled crossover study involving 20 healthy participants aged 18–45 years was conducted between June 2022 and January 2023. Participants were asked to sleep for one night on a camp cot and for another night on a cardboard bed, with a minimum three-day washout period between the two nights. Body pressure distribution and sleep metrics obtained from polysomnography (PSG) and questionnaires were compared between the two-bed types (P < 0.05). Results The camp cot exhibited better body pressure distribution than a cardboard bed, leading to improved sleep satisfaction, bedding comfort, and reduced morning sleepiness. Nevertheless, polysomnography revealed no notable differences in sleep metrics or sleep architecture between the two types of beds. Conclusions Our findings indicate that cardboard beds have lower pressure dispersion capabilities than camp cots, leading to an increased number of position changes during sleep. Additionally, subjective sleep quality, such as alertness on waking, sleep comfort, and sleep satisfaction, was lower for cardboard beds, suggesting that camp cots might offer a more comfortable bedding option for evacuees. However, there were no discernible differences between the two-bed types in terms of objective sleep metrics derived from PSG. The potential for sleep disturbances caused by lower back pain from a hard mattress has been noted, and it is possible that a single night’s experience in healthy individuals might not b…
bibliographic citation: Hamanishi et al. (2024) Comparative evaluation of the sleep quality metrics between a cardboard bed and a camp cot: a randomized controlled crossover study. PeerJ 12:e17392 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.17392
date submitted: 2024-01-02
date accepted: 2024-04-23
issued: 2024-05-24
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Hamanishi
  given name: Seiji
author list: Agent
  family name: Miki
  given name: Airi
author list: Agent
  family name: Sasaki
  given name: Shinsuke
doi: 10.7717/peerj.17392
volume: 12
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2024-05-24
copyright: © 2024 Hamanishi et al.
attribution name: Hamanishi et al.

Using a golf specific functional movement screen to predict golf performance in collegiate golfers
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Background This study aims to examine the relationship between functional movements and golf performance using the Golf Specific Functional Movement Screen (GSFMS). Methods This cross-sectional study included a total of 56 collegiate golfers (aged 20.89 ± 0.99 years, height of 174.55 ± 7.76 cm, and weight 68.48 ± 9.30 kg) who met the criteria, and were recruited from Hainan Normal University in June 2022. The participants’ golf motor skills (1-yard putt, 10-yard putt, 25-yard chip, 130/100-yard set shot, driver, and 9-hole stroke play) were tested and the GSFMS (e.g., pelvic tilt, pelvic rotation, and torso rotation) was used. Results There were significant weak or moderate correlations between the variables. Furthermore, a multiple linear regression analysis found that pelvic rotation and lower-body rotation abilities can significantly predict golf skill levels, which collectively explain 31.2% of the variance in golf skill levels among collegiate golfers (Adjusted R2 = 0.312, F = 2.663, p < 0.05). Standardised β values indicate that pelvic rotation (β = 0.398) has a more substantial impact on golf skill levels than lower-body rotation (β = 0.315). Conclusions This study found the weak to moderate correlations between the GSFMS and golf performance, and pelvic rotation and lower-body rotation abilities, thus predicting golf skills. Our findings provide novel insights into the relationship between functional abilities and comprehensive skill performance within the context of the Gray Cook’s Movement Pyramid model, and provide theoretical support and practical reference for collegiate golf motor-skill learning and sports injury prevention.
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Min Shi
creator: Hua Wu
creator: Hui Ruan
creator: Dan Xu
creator: Libo Deng
creator: Shibo Pang
subject: Kinesiology
subject: Biomechanics
subject: Sports Injury
subject: Sports Medicine
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.17411
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2024 Shi et al.
abstract: Background This study aims to examine the relationship between functional movements and golf performance using the Golf Specific Functional Movement Screen (GSFMS). Methods This cross-sectional study included a total of 56 collegiate golfers (aged 20.89 ± 0.99 years, height of 174.55 ± 7.76 cm, and weight 68.48 ± 9.30 kg) who met the criteria, and were recruited from Hainan Normal University in June 2022. The participants’ golf motor skills (1-yard putt, 10-yard putt, 25-yard chip, 130/100-yard set shot, driver, and 9-hole stroke play) were tested and the GSFMS (e.g., pelvic tilt, pelvic rotation, and torso rotation) was used. Results There were significant weak or moderate correlations between the variables. Furthermore, a multiple linear regression analysis found that pelvic rotation and lower-body rotation abilities can significantly predict golf skill levels, which collectively explain 31.2% of the variance in golf skill levels among collegiate golfers (Adjusted R2 = 0.312, F = 2.663, p < 0.05). Standardised β values indicate that pelvic rotation (β = 0.398) has a more substantial impact on golf skill levels than lower-body rotation (β = 0.315). Conclusions This study found the weak to moderate correlations between the GSFMS and golf performance, and pelvic rotation and lower-body rotation abilities, thus predicting golf skills. Our findings provide novel insights into the relationship between functional abilities and comprehensive skill performance within the context of the Gray Cook’s Movement Pyramid model, and provide theoretical support and practical reference for collegiate golf motor-skill learning and sports injury prevention.
bibliographic citation: Shi et al. (2024) Using a golf specific functional movement screen to predict golf performance in collegiate golfers. PeerJ 12:e17411 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.17411
date submitted: 2023-11-22
date accepted: 2024-04-26
issued: 2024-05-24
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Shi
  given name: Min
author list: Agent
  family name: Wu
  given name: Hua
author list: Agent
  family name: Ruan
  given name: Hui
author list: Agent
  family name: Xu
  given name: Dan
author list: Agent
  family name: Deng
  given name: Libo
author list: Agent
  family name: Pang
  given name: Shibo
doi: 10.7717/peerj.17411
volume: 12
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2024-05-24
copyright: © 2024 Shi et al.
attribution name: Shi et al.

Physical activity and self-efficacy in college students: the mediating role of grit and the moderating role of gender
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Background There is a paucity of knowledge concerning the psychological variables that serve to facilitate the connection between physical activity and self-efficacy, and the factors capable of moderating these pathways. This study aimed to examine the relationship between physical activity and self-efficacy among college students, with a focus on the mediating effect of grit and the moderating effect of gender. Methods This study recruited 3,228 undergraduate students from a university in Shanghai, China. They completed the General Self-Efficacy Scale, the Short Grit Scale, and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS 26.0 and the Process v4.0 plugin. Results Physical activity had both a direct effect on self-efficacy (β = 0.07, 95% CI [0.04–0.11]) and an indirect effect through the two dimensions of grit: perseverance of effort (β = 0.06, 95% CI [0.04–0.07]) and consistency of interest (β = 0.03, 95% CI [0.02–0.04]). The mediating effect explained 53.27% of the total effect. Furthermore, gender moderated the relationship between perseverance of effort and self-efficacy, with a stronger effect observed in males (β = 0.08, t = 3.27, p < 0.01). Conclusion The results revealed that grit is an underlying psychological mechanism that links physical activity and self-efficacy. Moreover, gender moderates the effect of perseverance of effort on self-efficacy, with a stronger effect observed in males. These findings have practical implications for educators to design tailored physical activity interventions that foster grit and self-efficacy among college students.
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Hongyan Yu
creator: Tingfei Zhu
creator: Jianing Tian
creator: Gang Zhang
creator: Peng Wang
creator: Junxiong Chen
creator: Liqun Shen
subject: Kinesiology
subject: Public Health
subject: Mental Health
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.17422
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2024 Yu et al.
abstract: Background There is a paucity of knowledge concerning the psychological variables that serve to facilitate the connection between physical activity and self-efficacy, and the factors capable of moderating these pathways. This study aimed to examine the relationship between physical activity and self-efficacy among college students, with a focus on the mediating effect of grit and the moderating effect of gender. Methods This study recruited 3,228 undergraduate students from a university in Shanghai, China. They completed the General Self-Efficacy Scale, the Short Grit Scale, and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS 26.0 and the Process v4.0 plugin. Results Physical activity had both a direct effect on self-efficacy (β = 0.07, 95% CI [0.04–0.11]) and an indirect effect through the two dimensions of grit: perseverance of effort (β = 0.06, 95% CI [0.04–0.07]) and consistency of interest (β = 0.03, 95% CI [0.02–0.04]). The mediating effect explained 53.27% of the total effect. Furthermore, gender moderated the relationship between perseverance of effort and self-efficacy, with a stronger effect observed in males (β = 0.08, t = 3.27, p < 0.01). Conclusion The results revealed that grit is an underlying psychological mechanism that links physical activity and self-efficacy. Moreover, gender moderates the effect of perseverance of effort on self-efficacy, with a stronger effect observed in males. These findings have practical implications for educators to design tailored physical activity interventions that foster grit and self-efficacy among college students.
bibliographic citation: Yu et al. (2024) Physical activity and self-efficacy in college students: the mediating role of grit and the moderating role of gender. PeerJ 12:e17422 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.17422
date submitted: 2023-11-15
date accepted: 2024-04-28
issued: 2024-05-24
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Yu
  given name: Hongyan
author list: Agent
  family name: Zhu
  given name: Tingfei
author list: Agent
  family name: Tian
  given name: Jianing
author list: Agent
  family name: Zhang
  given name: Gang
author list: Agent
  family name: Wang
  given name: Peng
author list: Agent
  family name: Chen
  given name: Junxiong
author list: Agent
  family name: Shen
  given name: Liqun
doi: 10.7717/peerj.17422
volume: 12
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2024-05-24
copyright: ©2024 Yu et al.
attribution name: Yu et al.

PeerJ
type: Periodical
uri: PeerJ
issn: 2167-8359