PeerJ
type: channel
link: https://peerj.com/articles/
description: Articles published in PeerJ
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
publication name: PeerJ
issn: 2167-8359
items: Hypertrophic effects of low-load blood flow restriction training with different repetition schemes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
items: Pedagogical control scales of vertical jumping performance in untrained adolescents (13–16 years): research by strata
items: Choice-based severity scale (CSS): assessing the relative severity of procedures from a laboratory animal’s perspective
items: Preliminary studies of selected Lemna species on the oxygen production potential in relation to some ecological factors
items: A comparison of the performance of bacterial biofilters and fungal–bacterial coupled biofilters in BTEp-X removal
items: Potential therapeutic agents of Bombyx mori silk cocoon extracts from agricultural product for inhibition of skin pathogenic bacteria and free radicals
items: iTRAQ-based proteomic analysis reveals the effect of ribosomal proteins on essential-oil accumulation in Houttuynia cordata Thunb.
items: Incidence, mortality, and predictive factors associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome in multiple trauma patients living in high-altitude areas: a retrospective study in Shigatse
items: Recognition of apnea and hypopnea by non-contact optical fiber mattress and its application in the diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome: a retrospective study
items: Prevalence and factors associated with Schistosoma mansoni infection among primary school children in Kersa District, Eastern Ethiopia

Hypertrophic effects of low-load blood flow restriction training with different repetition schemes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Objective This systematic review and meta-analysis analyzed the effect of low-load resistance training (LL-RT) with blood flow restriction (BFR) versus high-load resistance training (HL-RT) on muscle hypertrophy focusing on the repetition scheme adopted. Methods Four databases were searched to identify randomized controlled trials that compared the effect of LL-RT with BFR versus HL-RT on muscle hypertrophy. Standardized mean differences (SMD) were pooled in a random effects meta-analysis. Results The overall analysis did not demonstrate significant differences between conditions (SMD = 0.046; p = 0.14). A similar result was observed when we separately analyzed studies that used sets to momentary muscle failure (SMD = 0.033; p = 0.520), sets of 15 repetitions (SMD = 0.005; p = 0.937) and a fixed repetition scheme composed of 75 repetitions (SMD = 0.088; p = 0.177). The analysis considering body region indicates no difference in lower limb exercise between HL-RT and LL-RT with BFR (SMD = 0.00066; p = 0.795) while upper limb exercise favors HL-RT (SMD = 0.231; p = 0.005). Conclusion LL-RT with BFR elicits muscle hypertrophy similar to HL-RT regardless of the employed repetition scheme, although there appears to be a small beneficial effect in favor of HL-RT in upper limb exercise.
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Victor S. de Queiros
creator: Nicholas Rolnick
creator: Brad J. Schoenfeld
creator: Ingrid Martins de França
creator: João Guilherme Vieira
creator: Amanda Veiga Sardeli
creator: Okan Kamis
creator: Gabriel Rodrigues Neto
creator: Breno Guilherme de Araújo Tinôco Cabral
creator: Paulo Moreira Silva Dantas
subject: Kinesiology
subject: Sports Injury
subject: Rehabilitation
subject: Sports Medicine
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.17195
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2024 de Queiros et al.
abstract: Objective This systematic review and meta-analysis analyzed the effect of low-load resistance training (LL-RT) with blood flow restriction (BFR) versus high-load resistance training (HL-RT) on muscle hypertrophy focusing on the repetition scheme adopted. Methods Four databases were searched to identify randomized controlled trials that compared the effect of LL-RT with BFR versus HL-RT on muscle hypertrophy. Standardized mean differences (SMD) were pooled in a random effects meta-analysis. Results The overall analysis did not demonstrate significant differences between conditions (SMD = 0.046; p = 0.14). A similar result was observed when we separately analyzed studies that used sets to momentary muscle failure (SMD = 0.033; p = 0.520), sets of 15 repetitions (SMD = 0.005; p = 0.937) and a fixed repetition scheme composed of 75 repetitions (SMD = 0.088; p = 0.177). The analysis considering body region indicates no difference in lower limb exercise between HL-RT and LL-RT with BFR (SMD = 0.00066; p = 0.795) while upper limb exercise favors HL-RT (SMD = 0.231; p = 0.005). Conclusion LL-RT with BFR elicits muscle hypertrophy similar to HL-RT regardless of the employed repetition scheme, although there appears to be a small beneficial effect in favor of HL-RT in upper limb exercise.
bibliographic citation: de Queiros et al. (2024) Hypertrophic effects of low-load blood flow restriction training with different repetition schemes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PeerJ 12:e17195 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.17195
date submitted: 2023-11-24
date accepted: 2024-03-13
issued: 2024-06-17
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: de Queiros
  given name: Victor S.
author list: Agent
  family name: Rolnick
  given name: Nicholas
author list: Agent
  family name: Schoenfeld
  given name: Brad J.
author list: Agent
  family name: Martins de França
  given name: Ingrid
author list: Agent
  family name: Vieira
  given name: João Guilherme
author list: Agent
  family name: Sardeli
  given name: Amanda Veiga
author list: Agent
  family name: Kamis
  given name: Okan
author list: Agent
  family name: Neto
  given name: Gabriel Rodrigues
author list: Agent
  family name: Cabral
  given name: Breno Guilherme de Araújo Tinôco
author list: Agent
  family name: Dantas
  given name: Paulo Moreira Silva
doi: 10.7717/peerj.17195
volume: 12
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2024-06-17
copyright: ©2024 de Queiros et al.
attribution name: de Queiros et al.

Pedagogical control scales of vertical jumping performance in untrained adolescents (13–16 years): research by strata
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Background A scale is used to establish performance ranges in different sciences, it being necessary to design specialized biological and pedagogical indicators in physical activity, sport and health. Objective To design a scale for the pedagogical control of the vertical jumping ability in untrained adolescents (13–16 years), stratifying the sample by age range, ethnicity, urban and rural area, socioeconomic level, and gender. Methods A representative sample of the Ecuadorian population (n = 3,705) is studied, classifying it into the aforementioned strata, controlling the vertical jump by ISAK I and II level experts, applying the Sargent Test to measure vertical jumps on a multi-force wall, establishing scales with seven percentile levels, and making comparisons related to chronological age, gender, socioeconomic, and genetic indicators. Results Significant differences in the vertical jumping performance were determined according to the category or age range (13–14 ≠ 15–16 years) and by gender (w = 0.000). Various levels of performance were determined, classifying the maximum level as talented in the female gender (≥40 cm; and ≥42 cm) and male gender (≥47 cm; and ≥57 cm) in the 13‒14 and 15‒16 years categories, respectively. Sampling comparisons by geographical area only determined significant differences in the male gender, with the jumping ability being higher in urban areas (13‒14 years: w = 0.046; 15‒16 years: w = 0.013). The comparison by ethnic groups showed significant differences (k = 0.030), favoring the Afro-Ecuadorian ethnic group in both genders, while there are significant differences by socioeconomic level, especially between the middle and lower classes. Conclusions The present research solves the lack of a tool for making correct didactic decisions related to the vertical jumping ability, taking into account various important stratified indicators. The complementary conclusions show significant differences according to the category stratum or age ra…
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Santiago Calero-Morales
creator: Victor Emilio Villavicencio-Alvarez
creator: Elizabeth Flores-Abad
creator: Antonio Jesús Monroy-Antón
subject: Anatomy and Physiology
subject: Pediatrics
subject: Science and Medical Education
subject: Sports Medicine
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.17298
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2024 Calero-Morales et al.
abstract: Background A scale is used to establish performance ranges in different sciences, it being necessary to design specialized biological and pedagogical indicators in physical activity, sport and health. Objective To design a scale for the pedagogical control of the vertical jumping ability in untrained adolescents (13–16 years), stratifying the sample by age range, ethnicity, urban and rural area, socioeconomic level, and gender. Methods A representative sample of the Ecuadorian population (n = 3,705) is studied, classifying it into the aforementioned strata, controlling the vertical jump by ISAK I and II level experts, applying the Sargent Test to measure vertical jumps on a multi-force wall, establishing scales with seven percentile levels, and making comparisons related to chronological age, gender, socioeconomic, and genetic indicators. Results Significant differences in the vertical jumping performance were determined according to the category or age range (13–14 ≠ 15–16 years) and by gender (w = 0.000). Various levels of performance were determined, classifying the maximum level as talented in the female gender (≥40 cm; and ≥42 cm) and male gender (≥47 cm; and ≥57 cm) in the 13‒14 and 15‒16 years categories, respectively. Sampling comparisons by geographical area only determined significant differences in the male gender, with the jumping ability being higher in urban areas (13‒14 years: w = 0.046; 15‒16 years: w = 0.013). The comparison by ethnic groups showed significant differences (k = 0.030), favoring the Afro-Ecuadorian ethnic group in both genders, while there are significant differences by socioeconomic level, especially between the middle and lower classes. Conclusions The present research solves the lack of a tool for making correct didactic decisions related to the vertical jumping ability, taking into account various important stratified indicators. The complementary conclusions show significant differences according to the category stratum or age ra…
bibliographic citation: Calero-Morales et al. (2024) Pedagogical control scales of vertical jumping performance in untrained adolescents (13–16 years): research by strata. PeerJ 12:e17298 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.17298
date submitted: 2023-07-19
date accepted: 2024-04-03
issued: 2024-06-17
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Calero-Morales
  given name: Santiago
author list: Agent
  family name: Villavicencio-Alvarez
  given name: Victor Emilio
author list: Agent
  family name: Flores-Abad
  given name: Elizabeth
author list: Agent
  family name: Monroy-Antón
  given name: Antonio Jesús
doi: 10.7717/peerj.17298
volume: 12
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2024-06-17
copyright: © 2024 Calero-Morales et al.
attribution name: Calero-Morales et al.

Choice-based severity scale (CSS): assessing the relative severity of procedures from a laboratory animal’s perspective
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: One primary goal of laboratory animal welfare science is to provide a comprehensive severity assessment of the experimental and husbandry procedures or conditions these animals experience. The severity, or degree of suffering, of these conditions experienced by animals are typically scored based on anthropocentric assumptions. We propose to (a) assess an animal’s subjective experience of condition severity, and (b) not only rank but scale different conditions in relation to one another using choice-based preference testing. The Choice-based Severity Scale (CSS) utilizes animals’ relative preferences for different conditions, which are compared by how much reward is needed to outweigh the perceived severity of a given condition. Thus, this animal-centric approach provides a common scale for condition severity based on the animal’s perspective. To assess and test the CSS concept, we offered three opportunistically selected male rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) choices between two conditions: performing a cognitive task in a typical neuroscience laboratory setup (laboratory condition) versus the monkey’s home environment (cage condition). Our data show a shift in one individual’s preference for the cage condition to the laboratory condition when we changed the type of reward provided in the task. Two additional monkeys strongly preferred the cage condition over the laboratory condition, irrespective of reward amount and type. We tested the CSS concept further by showing that monkeys’ choices between tasks varying in trial duration can be influenced by the amount of reward provided. Altogether, the CSS concept is built upon laboratory animals’ subjective experiences and has the potential to de-anthropomorphize severity assessments, refine experimental protocols, and provide a common framework to assess animal welfare across different domains.
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Lauren Cassidy
creator: Stefan Treue
creator: Alexander Gail
creator: Dana Pfefferle
subject: Animal Behavior
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Veterinary Medicine
subject: Zoology
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.17300
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2024 Cassidy et al.
abstract: One primary goal of laboratory animal welfare science is to provide a comprehensive severity assessment of the experimental and husbandry procedures or conditions these animals experience. The severity, or degree of suffering, of these conditions experienced by animals are typically scored based on anthropocentric assumptions. We propose to (a) assess an animal’s subjective experience of condition severity, and (b) not only rank but scale different conditions in relation to one another using choice-based preference testing. The Choice-based Severity Scale (CSS) utilizes animals’ relative preferences for different conditions, which are compared by how much reward is needed to outweigh the perceived severity of a given condition. Thus, this animal-centric approach provides a common scale for condition severity based on the animal’s perspective. To assess and test the CSS concept, we offered three opportunistically selected male rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) choices between two conditions: performing a cognitive task in a typical neuroscience laboratory setup (laboratory condition) versus the monkey’s home environment (cage condition). Our data show a shift in one individual’s preference for the cage condition to the laboratory condition when we changed the type of reward provided in the task. Two additional monkeys strongly preferred the cage condition over the laboratory condition, irrespective of reward amount and type. We tested the CSS concept further by showing that monkeys’ choices between tasks varying in trial duration can be influenced by the amount of reward provided. Altogether, the CSS concept is built upon laboratory animals’ subjective experiences and has the potential to de-anthropomorphize severity assessments, refine experimental protocols, and provide a common framework to assess animal welfare across different domains.
bibliographic citation: Cassidy et al. (2024) Choice-based severity scale (CSS): assessing the relative severity of procedures from a laboratory animal’s perspective. PeerJ 12:e17300 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.17300
date submitted: 2023-11-10
date accepted: 2024-04-03
issued: 2024-06-17
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Cassidy
  given name: Lauren
author list: Agent
  family name: Treue
  given name: Stefan
author list: Agent
  family name: Gail
  given name: Alexander
author list: Agent
  family name: Pfefferle
  given name: Dana
doi: 10.7717/peerj.17300
volume: 12
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2024-06-17
copyright: © 2024 Cassidy et al.
attribution name: Cassidy et al.

Preliminary studies of selected Lemna species on the oxygen production potential in relation to some ecological factors
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Dissolved oxygen is fundamental for chemical and biochemical processes occurring in natural waters and critical for the life of aquatic organisms. Many organisms are responsible for altering organic matter and oxygen transfers across ecosystem or habitat boundaries and, thus, engineering the oxygen balance of the system. Due to such Lemna features as small size, simple structure, vegetative reproduction and rapid growth, as well as frequent mass occurrence in the form of thick mats, they make them very effective in oxygenating water. The research was undertaken to assess the impact of various species of duckweed (L. minor and L. trisulca) on dissolved oxygen content and detritus production in water and the role of ecological factors (light, atmospheric pressure, conductivity, and temperature) in this process. For this purpose, experiments were carried out with combinations of L. minor and L. trisulca. On this basis, the content of oxygen dissolved in water was determined depending on the growth of duckweed. Linear regression models were developed to assess the dynamics of changes in oxygen content and, consequently, organic matter produced by the Lemna. The research showed that the presence of L. trisulca causes an increase in dissolved oxygen content in water. It was also shown that an increase in atmospheric pressure had a positive effect on the ability of duckweed to produce oxygen, regardless of its type. The negative correlation between conductivity and water oxygenation, obtained in conditions of limited light access, allows us to assume that higher water conductivity limits oxygen production by all combinations of duckweeds when the light supply is low. Based on the developed models, it was shown that the highest increase in organic matter would be observed in the case of mixed duckweed and the lowest in the presence of the L. minor species, regardless of light conditions. Moreover, it was shown that pleustophytes have different heat capacities, and L. trisul…
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Joanna Sender
creator: Monika Różańska-Boczula
subject: Ecosystem Science
subject: Environmental Sciences
subject: Freshwater Biology
subject: Natural Resource Management
subject: Environmental Impacts
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.17322
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2024 Sender and Różańska-Boczula
abstract: Dissolved oxygen is fundamental for chemical and biochemical processes occurring in natural waters and critical for the life of aquatic organisms. Many organisms are responsible for altering organic matter and oxygen transfers across ecosystem or habitat boundaries and, thus, engineering the oxygen balance of the system. Due to such Lemna features as small size, simple structure, vegetative reproduction and rapid growth, as well as frequent mass occurrence in the form of thick mats, they make them very effective in oxygenating water. The research was undertaken to assess the impact of various species of duckweed (L. minor and L. trisulca) on dissolved oxygen content and detritus production in water and the role of ecological factors (light, atmospheric pressure, conductivity, and temperature) in this process. For this purpose, experiments were carried out with combinations of L. minor and L. trisulca. On this basis, the content of oxygen dissolved in water was determined depending on the growth of duckweed. Linear regression models were developed to assess the dynamics of changes in oxygen content and, consequently, organic matter produced by the Lemna. The research showed that the presence of L. trisulca causes an increase in dissolved oxygen content in water. It was also shown that an increase in atmospheric pressure had a positive effect on the ability of duckweed to produce oxygen, regardless of its type. The negative correlation between conductivity and water oxygenation, obtained in conditions of limited light access, allows us to assume that higher water conductivity limits oxygen production by all combinations of duckweeds when the light supply is low. Based on the developed models, it was shown that the highest increase in organic matter would be observed in the case of mixed duckweed and the lowest in the presence of the L. minor species, regardless of light conditions. Moreover, it was shown that pleustophytes have different heat capacities, and L. trisul…
bibliographic citation: Sender et al. (2024) Preliminary studies of selected Lemna species on the oxygen production potential in relation to some ecological factors. PeerJ 12:e17322 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.17322
date submitted: 2023-09-01
date accepted: 2024-04-09
issued: 2024-06-17
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Sender
  given name: Joanna
author list: Agent
  family name: Różańska-Boczula
  given name: Monika
doi: 10.7717/peerj.17322
volume: 12
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2024-06-17
copyright: ©2024 Sender and Różańska-Boczula
attribution name: Sender and Różańska-Boczula

A comparison of the performance of bacterial biofilters and fungal–bacterial coupled biofilters in BTEp-X removal
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Background Conventional biofilters, which rely on bacterial activity, face challenges in eliminating hydrophobic compounds, such as aromatic compounds. This is due to the low solubility of these compounds in water, which makes them difficult to absorb by bacterial biofilms. Furthermore, biofilter operational stability is often hampered by acidification and drying out of the filter bed. Methods Two bioreactors, a bacterial biofilter (B-BF) and a fungal–bacterial coupled biofilter (F&B-BF) were inoculated with activated sludge from the secondary sedimentation tank of the Sinopec Yangzi Petrochemical Company wastewater treatment plant located in Nanjing, China. For approximately 6 months of operation, a F&B-BF was more effective than a B-BF in eliminating a gas-phase mixture containing benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and para-xylene (BTEp-X). Results After operating for four months, the F&B-BF showed higher removal efficiencies for toluene (T), ethylbenzene (E), benzene (B), and para-X (p-Xylene), at 96.9%, 92.6%, 83.9%, and 83.8%, respectively, compared to those of the B-BF (90.1%, 78.7%, 64.8%, and 59.3%). The degradation activity order for B-BF and F&B-BF was T > E > B > p-X. Similarly, the rates of mineralization for BTEp-X in the F&B-BF were 74.9%, 66.5%, 55.3%, and 45.1%, respectively, which were higher than those in the B-BF (56.5%, 50.8%, 43.8%, and 30.5%). Additionally, the F&B-BF (2 days) exhibited faster recovery rates than the B-BF (5 days). Conclusions It was found that a starvation protocol was beneficial for the stable operation of both the B-BF and F&B-BF. Community structure analysis showed that the bacterial genus Pseudomonas and the fungal genus Phialophora were both important in the degradation of BTEp-X. The fungal-bacterial consortia can enhance the biofiltration removal of BTEp-X vapors.
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Hai Wang
creator: Xiaojuan Xue
creator: Xujun Nan
creator: Jian Zhai
subject: Environmental Sciences
subject: Ecotoxicology
subject: Environmental Contamination and Remediation
subject: Environmental Impacts
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.17452
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2024 Wang et al.
abstract: Background Conventional biofilters, which rely on bacterial activity, face challenges in eliminating hydrophobic compounds, such as aromatic compounds. This is due to the low solubility of these compounds in water, which makes them difficult to absorb by bacterial biofilms. Furthermore, biofilter operational stability is often hampered by acidification and drying out of the filter bed. Methods Two bioreactors, a bacterial biofilter (B-BF) and a fungal–bacterial coupled biofilter (F&B-BF) were inoculated with activated sludge from the secondary sedimentation tank of the Sinopec Yangzi Petrochemical Company wastewater treatment plant located in Nanjing, China. For approximately 6 months of operation, a F&B-BF was more effective than a B-BF in eliminating a gas-phase mixture containing benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and para-xylene (BTEp-X). Results After operating for four months, the F&B-BF showed higher removal efficiencies for toluene (T), ethylbenzene (E), benzene (B), and para-X (p-Xylene), at 96.9%, 92.6%, 83.9%, and 83.8%, respectively, compared to those of the B-BF (90.1%, 78.7%, 64.8%, and 59.3%). The degradation activity order for B-BF and F&B-BF was T > E > B > p-X. Similarly, the rates of mineralization for BTEp-X in the F&B-BF were 74.9%, 66.5%, 55.3%, and 45.1%, respectively, which were higher than those in the B-BF (56.5%, 50.8%, 43.8%, and 30.5%). Additionally, the F&B-BF (2 days) exhibited faster recovery rates than the B-BF (5 days). Conclusions It was found that a starvation protocol was beneficial for the stable operation of both the B-BF and F&B-BF. Community structure analysis showed that the bacterial genus Pseudomonas and the fungal genus Phialophora were both important in the degradation of BTEp-X. The fungal-bacterial consortia can enhance the biofiltration removal of BTEp-X vapors.
bibliographic citation: Wang et al. (2024) A comparison of the performance of bacterial biofilters and fungal–bacterial coupled biofilters in BTEp-X removal. PeerJ 12:e17452 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.17452
date submitted: 2024-01-12
date accepted: 2024-05-03
issued: 2024-06-17
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
author list: Agent
  family name: Wang
  given name: Hai
author list: Agent
  family name: Xue
  given name: Xiaojuan
author list: Agent
  family name: Nan
  given name: Xujun
author list: Agent
  family name: Zhai
  given name: Jian
doi: 10.7717/peerj.17452
volume: 12
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2024-06-17
copyright: ©2024 Wang et al.
attribution name: Wang et al.

Potential therapeutic agents of Bombyx mori silk cocoon extracts from agricultural product for inhibition of skin pathogenic bacteria and free radicals
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Background Pathogenic bacteria are the cause of most skin diseases, but issues such as resistance and environmental degradation drive the need to research alternative treatments. It is reported that silk cocoon extract possesses antioxidant properties. During silk processing, the degumming of silk cocoons creates a byproduct that contains natural active substances. These substances were found to have inhibitory effects on bacterial growth, DNA synthesis, the pathogenesis of hemolysis, and biofilm formation. Thus, silk cocoon extracts can be used in therapeutic applications for the prevention and treatment of skin pathogenic bacterial infections. Methods The extract of silk cocoons with pupae (SCP) and silk cocoons without pupae (SCWP) were obtained by boiling with distilled water for 9 h and 12 h, and were compared to silkworm pupae (SP) extract that was boiled for 1 h. The active compounds in the extracts, including gallic acid and quercetin, were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Furthermore, the total phenolic and flavonoid content in the extracts were investigated using the Folin–Ciocalteu method and the aluminum chloride colorimetric method, respectively. To assess antioxidant activity, the extracts were evaluated using the 2,2-diphenyl–1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay. Additionally, the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) of silk extracts and phytochemical compounds were determined against skin pathogenic bacteria. This study assessed the effects of the extracts and phytochemical compounds on growth inhibition, biofilm formation, hemolysis protection, and DNA synthesis of bacteria. Results The HPLC characterization of the silk extracts showed gallic acid levels to be the highest, especially in SCP (8.638–31.605 mg/g extract) and SP (64.530 mg/g extract); whereas quercetin compound was only detected in SCWP (0.021–0.031 mg/g extract). The total phenolics and flavonoids…
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Thida Kaewkod
creator: Puangphaka Kumseewai
creator: Sureeporn Suriyaprom
creator: Varachaya Intachaisri
creator: Nitsanat Cheepchirasuk
creator: Yingmanee Tragoolpua
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Entomology
subject: Microbiology
subject: Dermatology
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.17490
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2024 Kaewkod et al.
abstract: Background Pathogenic bacteria are the cause of most skin diseases, but issues such as resistance and environmental degradation drive the need to research alternative treatments. It is reported that silk cocoon extract possesses antioxidant properties. During silk processing, the degumming of silk cocoons creates a byproduct that contains natural active substances. These substances were found to have inhibitory effects on bacterial growth, DNA synthesis, the pathogenesis of hemolysis, and biofilm formation. Thus, silk cocoon extracts can be used in therapeutic applications for the prevention and treatment of skin pathogenic bacterial infections. Methods The extract of silk cocoons with pupae (SCP) and silk cocoons without pupae (SCWP) were obtained by boiling with distilled water for 9 h and 12 h, and were compared to silkworm pupae (SP) extract that was boiled for 1 h. The active compounds in the extracts, including gallic acid and quercetin, were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Furthermore, the total phenolic and flavonoid content in the extracts were investigated using the Folin–Ciocalteu method and the aluminum chloride colorimetric method, respectively. To assess antioxidant activity, the extracts were evaluated using the 2,2-diphenyl–1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay. Additionally, the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) of silk extracts and phytochemical compounds were determined against skin pathogenic bacteria. This study assessed the effects of the extracts and phytochemical compounds on growth inhibition, biofilm formation, hemolysis protection, and DNA synthesis of bacteria. Results The HPLC characterization of the silk extracts showed gallic acid levels to be the highest, especially in SCP (8.638–31.605 mg/g extract) and SP (64.530 mg/g extract); whereas quercetin compound was only detected in SCWP (0.021–0.031 mg/g extract). The total phenolics and flavonoids…
bibliographic citation: Kaewkod et al. (2024) Potential therapeutic agents of Bombyx mori silk cocoon extracts from agricultural product for inhibition of skin pathogenic bacteria and free radicals. PeerJ 12:e17490 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.17490
date submitted: 2023-10-27
date accepted: 2024-05-09
issued: 2024-06-17
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Kaewkod
  given name: Thida
author list: Agent
  family name: Kumseewai
  given name: Puangphaka
author list: Agent
  family name: Suriyaprom
  given name: Sureeporn
author list: Agent
  family name: Intachaisri
  given name: Varachaya
author list: Agent
  family name: Cheepchirasuk
  given name: Nitsanat
author list: Agent
  family name: Tragoolpua
  given name: Yingmanee
doi: 10.7717/peerj.17490
volume: 12
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2024-06-17
copyright: ©2024 Kaewkod et al.
attribution name: Kaewkod et al.

iTRAQ-based proteomic analysis reveals the effect of ribosomal proteins on essential-oil accumulation in Houttuynia cordata Thunb.
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Houttuynia cordata Thunb., also known as Yuxingcao in Chinese, occupies a pivotal role in Asian traditional medicine and cuisine. The aerial parts and underground stems of H. cordata exhibit remarkable chemical diversity, particularly in essential oil. Nevertheless, the mechanisms regulating essential oil biosynthesis in H. cordata remain unclear. In this study, we present a quantitative overview of the proteomes across four tissues (flower, stem, leaf, and underground stem) of H. cordata, achieved through the application of the isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ). Our research findings indicate that certain crucial ribosomal proteins and their interactions may significantly impact the production of essential oils in H. cordata. These results offer novel insights into the roles of ribosomal proteins and their associations in essential oil biosynthesis across various organisms of H. cordata.
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Dandan Guo
creator: Beixuan He
creator: Fei Feng
creator: Diya Lv
creator: Ting Han
creator: Xiaofei Chen
subject: Agricultural Science
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Plant Science
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.17519
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2024 Guo et al.
abstract: Houttuynia cordata Thunb., also known as Yuxingcao in Chinese, occupies a pivotal role in Asian traditional medicine and cuisine. The aerial parts and underground stems of H. cordata exhibit remarkable chemical diversity, particularly in essential oil. Nevertheless, the mechanisms regulating essential oil biosynthesis in H. cordata remain unclear. In this study, we present a quantitative overview of the proteomes across four tissues (flower, stem, leaf, and underground stem) of H. cordata, achieved through the application of the isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ). Our research findings indicate that certain crucial ribosomal proteins and their interactions may significantly impact the production of essential oils in H. cordata. These results offer novel insights into the roles of ribosomal proteins and their associations in essential oil biosynthesis across various organisms of H. cordata.
bibliographic citation: Guo et al. (2024) iTRAQ-based proteomic analysis reveals the effect of ribosomal proteins on essential-oil accumulation in Houttuynia cordata Thunb.. PeerJ 12:e17519 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.17519
date submitted: 2024-02-14
date accepted: 2024-05-15
issued: 2024-06-17
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
author list: Agent
  family name: Guo
  given name: Dandan
author list: Agent
  family name: He
  given name: Beixuan
author list: Agent
  family name: Feng
  given name: Fei
author list: Agent
  family name: Lv
  given name: Diya
author list: Agent
  family name: Han
  given name: Ting
author list: Agent
  family name: Chen
  given name: Xiaofei
doi: 10.7717/peerj.17519
volume: 12
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2024-06-17
copyright: ©2024 Guo et al.
attribution name: Guo et al.

Incidence, mortality, and predictive factors associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome in multiple trauma patients living in high-altitude areas: a retrospective study in Shigatse
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Background Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a severe complication that can lead to fatalities in multiple trauma patients. Nevertheless, the incidence rate and early prediction of ARDS among multiple trauma patients residing in high-altitude areas remain unknown. Methods This study included a total of 168 multiple trauma patients who received treatment at Shigatse People’s Hospital Intensive Care Unit (ICU) between January 1, 2019 and December 31, 2021. The clinical characteristics of the patients and the incidence rate of ARDS were assessed. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were employed to identify potential risk factors for ARDS, and the predictive effects of these risk factors were analyzed. Results In the high-altitude area, the incidence of ARDS among multiple trauma patients was 37.5% (63/168), with a hospital mortality rate of 16.1% (27/168). Injury Severity Score (ISS) and thoracic injuries were identified as significant predictors for ARDS using the logistic regression model, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.75 and 0.75, respectively. Furthermore, a novel predictive risk score combining ISS and thoracic injuries demonstrated improved predictive ability, achieving an AUC of 0.82. Conclusions This study presents the incidence of ARDS in multiple trauma patients residing in the Tibetan region, and identifies two critical predictive factors along with a risk score for early prediction of ARDS. These findings have the potential to enhance clinicians’ ability to accurately assess the risk of ARDS and proactively prevent its onset.
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Dan Tu
creator: Lv Ji
creator: Qiang Cao
creator: Tin Ley
creator: Suolangpian Duo
creator: Ningbo Cheng
creator: Wenjing Lin
creator: Jianlei Zhang
creator: Weifeng Yu
creator: Zhiying Pan
creator: Xiaoqiang Wang
subject: Allergy and Clinical Immunology
subject: Anesthesiology and Pain Management
subject: Emergency and Critical Care
subject: Respiratory Medicine
subject: Environmental Health
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.17521
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2024 Tu et al.
abstract: Background Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a severe complication that can lead to fatalities in multiple trauma patients. Nevertheless, the incidence rate and early prediction of ARDS among multiple trauma patients residing in high-altitude areas remain unknown. Methods This study included a total of 168 multiple trauma patients who received treatment at Shigatse People’s Hospital Intensive Care Unit (ICU) between January 1, 2019 and December 31, 2021. The clinical characteristics of the patients and the incidence rate of ARDS were assessed. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were employed to identify potential risk factors for ARDS, and the predictive effects of these risk factors were analyzed. Results In the high-altitude area, the incidence of ARDS among multiple trauma patients was 37.5% (63/168), with a hospital mortality rate of 16.1% (27/168). Injury Severity Score (ISS) and thoracic injuries were identified as significant predictors for ARDS using the logistic regression model, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.75 and 0.75, respectively. Furthermore, a novel predictive risk score combining ISS and thoracic injuries demonstrated improved predictive ability, achieving an AUC of 0.82. Conclusions This study presents the incidence of ARDS in multiple trauma patients residing in the Tibetan region, and identifies two critical predictive factors along with a risk score for early prediction of ARDS. These findings have the potential to enhance clinicians’ ability to accurately assess the risk of ARDS and proactively prevent its onset.
bibliographic citation: Tu et al. (2024) Incidence, mortality, and predictive factors associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome in multiple trauma patients living in high-altitude areas: a retrospective study in Shigatse. PeerJ 12:e17521 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.17521
date submitted: 2024-03-05
date accepted: 2024-05-15
issued: 2024-06-17
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Tu
  given name: Dan
author list: Agent
  family name: Ji
  given name: Lv
author list: Agent
  family name: Cao
  given name: Qiang
author list: Agent
  family name: Ley
  given name: Tin
author list: Agent
  family name: Duo
  given name: Suolangpian
author list: Agent
  family name: Cheng
  given name: Ningbo
author list: Agent
  family name: Lin
  given name: Wenjing
author list: Agent
  family name: Zhang
  given name: Jianlei
author list: Agent
  family name: Yu
  given name: Weifeng
author list: Agent
  family name: Pan
  given name: Zhiying
author list: Agent
  family name: Wang
  given name: Xiaoqiang
doi: 10.7717/peerj.17521
volume: 12
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2024-06-17
copyright: © 2024 Tu et al.
attribution name: Tu et al.

Recognition of apnea and hypopnea by non-contact optical fiber mattress and its application in the diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome: a retrospective study
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Objectives This study sought to evaluate the diagnostic value of a non-contact optical fiber mattress for apnea and hypopnea and compare it with traditional polysomnography (PSG) in adult obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS). Methods To determine the value of a non-contact optical fiber mattress for apnea and hypopnea, six healthy people and six OSAHS patients were selected from Tongji Hospital to design a program to identify apnea or hypopnea. A total of 108 patients who received polysomnography for drowsiness, snoring or other suspected OSAHS symptoms. All 108 patients were monitored with both the non-contact optical fiber mattress and PSG were collected. Results Six healthy controls and six patients with OSAHS were included. The mean apnea of the six healthy controls was 1.22 times/h, and the mean hypopnea of the six healthy controls was 2 times/h. Of the six patients with OSAHS, the mean apnea was 12.63 times/h, and the mean hypopnea was 19.25 times/h. The non-contact optical fiber mattress results showed that the mean apnea of the control group was 3.17 times/h and the mean hypopnea of the control group was 3.83 times/h, while the mean apnea of the OSAHS group was 11.95 times/h and the mean hypopnea of the OSAHS group was 17.77 times/h. The apnea index of the non-contact optical fiber mattress was positively correlated with the apnea index of the PSG (P < 0.05, r = 0.835), and the hypopnea index of the non-contact optical fiber mattress was also positively correlated with the hypopnea index of the PSG (P < 0.05, r = 0.959). The non-contact optical fiber mattress had high accuracy (area under curve, AUC = 0.889), specificity (83.4%) and sensitivity (83.3%) for the diagnosis of apnea. The non-contact fiber-optic mattress also had high accuracy (AUC = 0.944), specificity (83.4%) and sensitivity (100%) for the diagnosis of hypopnea. Among the 108 patients enrolled, there was no significant difference between the non-contact optical fiber mattress and t…
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Ling Zhou
creator: Xiaoyan Zhu
creator: Lu Liu
creator: Lingling Wang
creator: Pengdou Zheng
creator: Fengqin Zhang
creator: Zhenyu Mao
creator: Guoliang Huang
creator: Songlin Cheng
creator: Huiguo Liu
creator: Wei Liu
subject: Drugs and Devices
subject: Otorhinolaryngology
subject: Psychiatry and Psychology
subject: Respiratory Medicine
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.17570
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2024 Zhou et al.
abstract: Objectives This study sought to evaluate the diagnostic value of a non-contact optical fiber mattress for apnea and hypopnea and compare it with traditional polysomnography (PSG) in adult obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS). Methods To determine the value of a non-contact optical fiber mattress for apnea and hypopnea, six healthy people and six OSAHS patients were selected from Tongji Hospital to design a program to identify apnea or hypopnea. A total of 108 patients who received polysomnography for drowsiness, snoring or other suspected OSAHS symptoms. All 108 patients were monitored with both the non-contact optical fiber mattress and PSG were collected. Results Six healthy controls and six patients with OSAHS were included. The mean apnea of the six healthy controls was 1.22 times/h, and the mean hypopnea of the six healthy controls was 2 times/h. Of the six patients with OSAHS, the mean apnea was 12.63 times/h, and the mean hypopnea was 19.25 times/h. The non-contact optical fiber mattress results showed that the mean apnea of the control group was 3.17 times/h and the mean hypopnea of the control group was 3.83 times/h, while the mean apnea of the OSAHS group was 11.95 times/h and the mean hypopnea of the OSAHS group was 17.77 times/h. The apnea index of the non-contact optical fiber mattress was positively correlated with the apnea index of the PSG (P < 0.05, r = 0.835), and the hypopnea index of the non-contact optical fiber mattress was also positively correlated with the hypopnea index of the PSG (P < 0.05, r = 0.959). The non-contact optical fiber mattress had high accuracy (area under curve, AUC = 0.889), specificity (83.4%) and sensitivity (83.3%) for the diagnosis of apnea. The non-contact fiber-optic mattress also had high accuracy (AUC = 0.944), specificity (83.4%) and sensitivity (100%) for the diagnosis of hypopnea. Among the 108 patients enrolled, there was no significant difference between the non-contact optical fiber mattress and t…
bibliographic citation: Zhou et al. (2024) Recognition of apnea and hypopnea by non-contact optical fiber mattress and its application in the diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome: a retrospective study. PeerJ 12:e17570 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.17570
date submitted: 2023-11-24
date accepted: 2024-05-23
issued: 2024-06-17
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Zhou
  given name: Ling
author list: Agent
  family name: Zhu
  given name: Xiaoyan
author list: Agent
  family name: Liu
  given name: Lu
author list: Agent
  family name: Wang
  given name: Lingling
author list: Agent
  family name: Zheng
  given name: Pengdou
author list: Agent
  family name: Zhang
  given name: Fengqin
author list: Agent
  family name: Mao
  given name: Zhenyu
author list: Agent
  family name: Huang
  given name: Guoliang
author list: Agent
  family name: Cheng
  given name: Songlin
author list: Agent
  family name: Liu
  given name: Huiguo
author list: Agent
  family name: Liu
  given name: Wei
doi: 10.7717/peerj.17570
volume: 12
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2024-06-17
copyright: © 2024 Zhou et al.
attribution name: Zhou et al.

Prevalence and factors associated with Schistosoma mansoni infection among primary school children in Kersa District, Eastern Ethiopia
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Background Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease and an important parasite negatively impacting socio-economic factors. Ethiopia’s Federal Ministry of Health targeted the elimination of schistosomiasis infection in school-aged children by 2020. However, Schistosoma mansoni still affects approximately 12.3 million school-aged children in Ethiopia. Although the study was conducted in some regions of the country, previous studies were conducted on urban school children and were limited to the burden of infection. Overall, there is a lack of information about schistosomiasis in eastern Ethiopia, particularly among school children. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence and factors associated with Schistosoma mansoni infection among primary school children in Kersa district, Eastern Ethiopia. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 419 school children using systematic random sampling from April 10 to May 09, 2019. The stool samples were collected and examined using the Keto-Katz method. A structured and pretested questionnaire was used to collect data from participants. Data were entered using Epi-Data version 3.1 and analysed using SPSS version 24. A bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to identify factors associated with Schistosoma mansoni infection. P-value < 0.05 and adjusted odds ratio (AOR) (95% confidence interval (CI)) were used to identify statistically significant associations. Results This study’s overall prevalence of S. mansoni was 19.4% (95% CI [16–23]). Absence of the latrines in household (AOR = 2.35, 95% CI [1.25–4.38]), swimming in the river (AOR = 2.82, 95% CI [1.33–5.88]), unprotected water sources (AOR = 3.5, 95% CI [1.72–7.10]), irregular shoe wearing habits (AOR = 2.81, 95% CI [1.51–5.23]), and water contact during cross of river (AOR = 2.192; 95% CI [1.113–4.318]) were factors independently associated with S. mansoni infection. Conclusion Schistosoma mansoni infection remains a pu…
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Hussen Aliyi
creator: Mohammed Ahmed
creator: Tesfaye Gobena
creator: Bezatu Mengistie Alemu
creator: Hassen Abdi Adem
creator: Ahmedin Aliyi Usso
subject: Parasitology
subject: Gastroenterology and Hepatology
subject: Global Health
subject: Infectious Diseases
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.17439
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2024 Aliyi et al.
abstract: Background Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease and an important parasite negatively impacting socio-economic factors. Ethiopia’s Federal Ministry of Health targeted the elimination of schistosomiasis infection in school-aged children by 2020. However, Schistosoma mansoni still affects approximately 12.3 million school-aged children in Ethiopia. Although the study was conducted in some regions of the country, previous studies were conducted on urban school children and were limited to the burden of infection. Overall, there is a lack of information about schistosomiasis in eastern Ethiopia, particularly among school children. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence and factors associated with Schistosoma mansoni infection among primary school children in Kersa district, Eastern Ethiopia. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 419 school children using systematic random sampling from April 10 to May 09, 2019. The stool samples were collected and examined using the Keto-Katz method. A structured and pretested questionnaire was used to collect data from participants. Data were entered using Epi-Data version 3.1 and analysed using SPSS version 24. A bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to identify factors associated with Schistosoma mansoni infection. P-value < 0.05 and adjusted odds ratio (AOR) (95% confidence interval (CI)) were used to identify statistically significant associations. Results This study’s overall prevalence of S. mansoni was 19.4% (95% CI [16–23]). Absence of the latrines in household (AOR = 2.35, 95% CI [1.25–4.38]), swimming in the river (AOR = 2.82, 95% CI [1.33–5.88]), unprotected water sources (AOR = 3.5, 95% CI [1.72–7.10]), irregular shoe wearing habits (AOR = 2.81, 95% CI [1.51–5.23]), and water contact during cross of river (AOR = 2.192; 95% CI [1.113–4.318]) were factors independently associated with S. mansoni infection. Conclusion Schistosoma mansoni infection remains a pu…
bibliographic citation: Aliyi et al. (2024) Prevalence and factors associated with Schistosoma mansoni infection among primary school children in Kersa District, Eastern Ethiopia. PeerJ 12:e17439 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.17439
date submitted: 2024-01-05
date accepted: 2024-04-30
issued: 2024-06-14
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Aliyi
  given name: Hussen
author list: Agent
  family name: Ahmed
  given name: Mohammed
author list: Agent
  family name: Gobena
  given name: Tesfaye
author list: Agent
  family name: Alemu
  given name: Bezatu Mengistie
author list: Agent
  family name: Abdi Adem
  given name: Hassen
author list: Agent
  family name: Aliyi Usso
  given name: Ahmedin
doi: 10.7717/peerj.17439
volume: 12
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2024-06-14
copyright: ©2024 Aliyi et al.
attribution name: Aliyi et al.

PeerJ
type: Periodical
uri: PeerJ
issn: 2167-8359