PeerJ
type: channel
link: https://peerj.com/articles/
description: Articles published in PeerJ
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
publication name: PeerJ
issn: 2167-8359
items: Unraveling genomic features and phylogenomics through the analysis of three Mexican endemic Myotis genomes
items: Mechanism of action of miR-15a-5p and miR-152-3p in paraquat-induced pulmonary fibrosis through Wnt/β-catenin signaling mediation
items: Response of growth and physiological enzyme activities in Eriogyna pyretorum to various host plants
items: Expression profile analysis of cotton fiber secondary cell wall thickening stage
items: Changes in the composition of invertebrate assemblages from wave-exposed intertidal mussel stands along the Nova Scotia coast, Canada
items: Lysyl oxidase-like 1 predicts the prognosis of patients with primary glioblastoma and promotes tumor invasion via EMT pathway
items: The antioxidant effects of butylated hydroxytoluene on cryopreserved goat sperm from a proteomic perspective
items: In vitro cytoprotective and in vivo anti-oral mucositis effects of melatonin and its derivatives
items: Exploring main soil drivers of vegetation succession in abandoned croplands of Minqin Oasis, China
items: Brazilin cream from Caesalpinia sappan inhibit periodontal disease: in vivo study

Unraveling genomic features and phylogenomics through the analysis of three Mexican endemic Myotis genomes
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Background Genomic resource development for non-model organisms is rapidly progressing, seeking to uncover molecular mechanisms and evolutionary adaptations enabling thriving in diverse environments. Limited genomic data for bat species hinder insights into their evolutionary processes, particularly within the diverse Myotis genus of the Vespertilionidae family. In Mexico, 15 Myotis species exist, with three—M. vivesi, M. findleyi, and M. planiceps—being endemic and of conservation concern. Methods We obtained samples of Myotis vivesi, M. findleyi, and M. planiceps for genomic analysis. Each of three genomic DNA was extracted, sequenced, and assembled. The scaffolding was carried out utilizing the M. yumanensis genome via a genome-referenced approach within the ntJoin program. GapCloser was employed to fill gaps. Repeat elements were characterized, and gene prediction was done via ab initio and homology methods with MAKER pipeline. Functional annotation involved InterproScan, BLASTp, and KEGG. Non-coding RNAs were annotated with INFERNAL, and tRNAscan-SE. Orthologous genes were clustered using Orthofinder, and a phylogenomic tree was reconstructed using IQ-TREE. Results We present genome assemblies of these endemic species using Illumina NovaSeq 6000, each exceeding 2.0 Gb, with over 90% representing single-copy genes according to BUSCO analyses. Transposable elements, including LINEs and SINEs, constitute over 30% of each genome. Helitrons, consistent with Vespertilionids, were identified. Values around 20,000 genes from each of the three assemblies were derived from gene annotation and their correlation with specific functions. Comparative analysis of orthologs among eight Myotis species revealed 20,820 groups, with 4,789 being single copy orthogroups. Non-coding RNA elements were annotated. Phylogenomic tree analysis supported evolutionary chiropterans’ relationships. These resources contribute significantly to understanding gene evolution, diversification patter…
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Edgar G. Gutiérrez
creator: Jesus E. Maldonado
creator: Gabriela Castellanos-Morales
creator: Luis E. Eguiarte
creator: Norberto Martínez-Méndez
creator: Jorge Ortega
subject: Conservation Biology
subject: Evolutionary Studies
subject: Genomics
subject: Zoology
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.17651
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2024 Gutiérrez et al.
abstract: Background Genomic resource development for non-model organisms is rapidly progressing, seeking to uncover molecular mechanisms and evolutionary adaptations enabling thriving in diverse environments. Limited genomic data for bat species hinder insights into their evolutionary processes, particularly within the diverse Myotis genus of the Vespertilionidae family. In Mexico, 15 Myotis species exist, with three—M. vivesi, M. findleyi, and M. planiceps—being endemic and of conservation concern. Methods We obtained samples of Myotis vivesi, M. findleyi, and M. planiceps for genomic analysis. Each of three genomic DNA was extracted, sequenced, and assembled. The scaffolding was carried out utilizing the M. yumanensis genome via a genome-referenced approach within the ntJoin program. GapCloser was employed to fill gaps. Repeat elements were characterized, and gene prediction was done via ab initio and homology methods with MAKER pipeline. Functional annotation involved InterproScan, BLASTp, and KEGG. Non-coding RNAs were annotated with INFERNAL, and tRNAscan-SE. Orthologous genes were clustered using Orthofinder, and a phylogenomic tree was reconstructed using IQ-TREE. Results We present genome assemblies of these endemic species using Illumina NovaSeq 6000, each exceeding 2.0 Gb, with over 90% representing single-copy genes according to BUSCO analyses. Transposable elements, including LINEs and SINEs, constitute over 30% of each genome. Helitrons, consistent with Vespertilionids, were identified. Values around 20,000 genes from each of the three assemblies were derived from gene annotation and their correlation with specific functions. Comparative analysis of orthologs among eight Myotis species revealed 20,820 groups, with 4,789 being single copy orthogroups. Non-coding RNA elements were annotated. Phylogenomic tree analysis supported evolutionary chiropterans’ relationships. These resources contribute significantly to understanding gene evolution, diversification patter…
bibliographic citation: Gutiérrez et al. (2024) Unraveling genomic features and phylogenomics through the analysis of three Mexican endemic Myotis genomes. PeerJ 12:e17651 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.17651
date submitted: 2024-01-19
date accepted: 2024-06-07
issued: 2024-07-08
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Gutiérrez
  given name: Edgar G.
author list: Agent
  family name: Maldonado
  given name: Jesus E.
author list: Agent
  family name: Castellanos-Morales
  given name: Gabriela
author list: Agent
  family name: Eguiarte
  given name: Luis E.
author list: Agent
  family name: Martínez-Méndez
  given name: Norberto
author list: Agent
  family name: Ortega
  given name: Jorge
doi: 10.7717/peerj.17651
volume: 12
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2024-07-08
copyright: ©2024 Gutiérrez et al.
attribution name: Gutiérrez et al.

Mechanism of action of miR-15a-5p and miR-152-3p in paraquat-induced pulmonary fibrosis through Wnt/β-catenin signaling mediation
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Background miRNAs are small, conserved, single-stranded non-coding RNA that are typically transported by exosomes for their functional roles. The therapeutic potential of exosomal miRNAs has been explored in various diseases including breast cancer, pancreatic cancer, cholangiocarcinoma, skin diseases, Alzheimer’s disease, stroke, and glioma. Pathophysiological processes such as cellular inflammation, apoptosis, necrosis, immune dysfunction, and oxidative stress are closely associated with miRNAs. Internal and external factors such as tissue ischemia, hypoxia, pathogen infection, and endotoxin exposure can trigger these reactions and are linked to miRNAs. Paraquat-induced fibrosis is a protracted process that may not manifest immediately after injury but develops during bodily recovery, providing insights into potential miRNA intervention treatments. Rationale These findings could potentially be applied for further pharmaceutical research and clinical therapy of paraquat-induced pulmonary fibrosis, and are likely to be of great interest to clinicians involved in lung fibrosis research. Methodology Through a literature review, we identified an association between miR-15a-5p and miR-152-3p and their involvement in the Wnt signaling pathway. This allowed us to deduce the molecular mechanisms underlying regulatory interactions involved in paraquat-induced lung fibrosis. Results miR-15a-5p and miR-152-3p play roles in body repair processes, and pulmonary fibrosis can be considered a form of reparative response by the body. Although the initial purpose of fibrotic repair is to restore normal body function, excessive tissue fibrosis, unlike scar formation following external skin trauma, can significantly and adversely affect the body. Modulating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is beneficial in alleviating tissue fibrosis in various diseases. Conclusions In this study, we delineate the association between miR-15a-5p and miR-152-3p and the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway…
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Dong Liu
creator: Yan Guan
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Cardiology
subject: Respiratory Medicine
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.17662
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2024 Liu and Guan
abstract: Background miRNAs are small, conserved, single-stranded non-coding RNA that are typically transported by exosomes for their functional roles. The therapeutic potential of exosomal miRNAs has been explored in various diseases including breast cancer, pancreatic cancer, cholangiocarcinoma, skin diseases, Alzheimer’s disease, stroke, and glioma. Pathophysiological processes such as cellular inflammation, apoptosis, necrosis, immune dysfunction, and oxidative stress are closely associated with miRNAs. Internal and external factors such as tissue ischemia, hypoxia, pathogen infection, and endotoxin exposure can trigger these reactions and are linked to miRNAs. Paraquat-induced fibrosis is a protracted process that may not manifest immediately after injury but develops during bodily recovery, providing insights into potential miRNA intervention treatments. Rationale These findings could potentially be applied for further pharmaceutical research and clinical therapy of paraquat-induced pulmonary fibrosis, and are likely to be of great interest to clinicians involved in lung fibrosis research. Methodology Through a literature review, we identified an association between miR-15a-5p and miR-152-3p and their involvement in the Wnt signaling pathway. This allowed us to deduce the molecular mechanisms underlying regulatory interactions involved in paraquat-induced lung fibrosis. Results miR-15a-5p and miR-152-3p play roles in body repair processes, and pulmonary fibrosis can be considered a form of reparative response by the body. Although the initial purpose of fibrotic repair is to restore normal body function, excessive tissue fibrosis, unlike scar formation following external skin trauma, can significantly and adversely affect the body. Modulating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is beneficial in alleviating tissue fibrosis in various diseases. Conclusions In this study, we delineate the association between miR-15a-5p and miR-152-3p and the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway…
bibliographic citation: Liu et al. (2024) Mechanism of action of miR-15a-5p and miR-152-3p in paraquat-induced pulmonary fibrosis through Wnt/β-catenin signaling mediation. PeerJ 12:e17662 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.17662
date submitted: 2024-02-05
date accepted: 2024-06-09
issued: 2024-07-08
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Liu
  given name: Dong
author list: Agent
  family name: Guan
  given name: Yan
doi: 10.7717/peerj.17662
volume: 12
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2024-07-08
copyright: © 2024 Liu and Guan
attribution name: Liu and Guan

Response of growth and physiological enzyme activities in Eriogyna pyretorum to various host plants
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Morphological attributes and chemical composition of host plants shape growth and development of phytophagous insects via influences on their behavior and physiological processes. This research delves into the relationship between Eriogyna pyretorum and various host plants through studuying how feeding on different host tree species affect growth, development, and physiological enzyme activities. We examined E. pyretorum response to three distinct host plants: Camphora officinarum, Liquidambar formosana and Pterocarya stenoptera. Notably, larvae feeding on C. officinarum and L. formosana displayed accelerated development, increased pupal length, and higher survival rates compared to those on P. stenoptera. This underlines the pivotal role of host plant selection in shaping the E. pyretorum’s life cycle. The activities of a-amylase, lipase and protective enzymes were the highest in larvae fed on the most suitable host L. formosana which indicated that the increase of these enzyme activities was closely related to growth and development. Furthermore, our investigation revealed a relationship between enzymatic activities and host plants. Digestive enzymes, protective enzymes, and detoxifying enzymes exhibited substantial variations contingent upon the ingested host plant. Moreover, the total phenolics content in the host plant leaves manifested a noteworthy positive correlation with catalase and lipase activities. In contrast, a marked negative correlation emerged with glutathione S-transferase and α-amylase activities. The total developmental duration of larvae exhibited a significant positive correlation with the activities of GST and CarE. The survival rate of larvae showed a significant positive correlation with CYP450. These observations underscore the insect’s remarkable adaptability in orchestrating metabolic processes in accordance with available nutritional resources. This study highlights the interplay between E. pyretorum and its host plants, offering novel …
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Haoyu Lin
creator: Songkai Liao
creator: Hongjian Wei
creator: Qi Wang
creator: Xinjie Mao
creator: Jiajin Wang
creator: Shouping Cai
creator: Hui Chen
subject: Entomology
subject: Biogeochemistry
subject: Forestry
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.17680
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2024 Lin et al.
abstract: Morphological attributes and chemical composition of host plants shape growth and development of phytophagous insects via influences on their behavior and physiological processes. This research delves into the relationship between Eriogyna pyretorum and various host plants through studuying how feeding on different host tree species affect growth, development, and physiological enzyme activities. We examined E. pyretorum response to three distinct host plants: Camphora officinarum, Liquidambar formosana and Pterocarya stenoptera. Notably, larvae feeding on C. officinarum and L. formosana displayed accelerated development, increased pupal length, and higher survival rates compared to those on P. stenoptera. This underlines the pivotal role of host plant selection in shaping the E. pyretorum’s life cycle. The activities of a-amylase, lipase and protective enzymes were the highest in larvae fed on the most suitable host L. formosana which indicated that the increase of these enzyme activities was closely related to growth and development. Furthermore, our investigation revealed a relationship between enzymatic activities and host plants. Digestive enzymes, protective enzymes, and detoxifying enzymes exhibited substantial variations contingent upon the ingested host plant. Moreover, the total phenolics content in the host plant leaves manifested a noteworthy positive correlation with catalase and lipase activities. In contrast, a marked negative correlation emerged with glutathione S-transferase and α-amylase activities. The total developmental duration of larvae exhibited a significant positive correlation with the activities of GST and CarE. The survival rate of larvae showed a significant positive correlation with CYP450. These observations underscore the insect’s remarkable adaptability in orchestrating metabolic processes in accordance with available nutritional resources. This study highlights the interplay between E. pyretorum and its host plants, offering novel …
bibliographic citation: Lin et al. (2024) Response of growth and physiological enzyme activities in Eriogyna pyretorum to various host plants. PeerJ 12:e17680 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.17680
date submitted: 2023-12-29
date accepted: 2024-06-12
issued: 2024-07-08
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Lin
  given name: Haoyu
author list: Agent
  family name: Liao
  given name: Songkai
author list: Agent
  family name: Wei
  given name: Hongjian
author list: Agent
  family name: Wang
  given name: Qi
author list: Agent
  family name: Mao
  given name: Xinjie
author list: Agent
  family name: Wang
  given name: Jiajin
author list: Agent
  family name: Cai
  given name: Shouping
author list: Agent
  family name: Chen
  given name: Hui
doi: 10.7717/peerj.17680
volume: 12
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2024-07-08
copyright: ©2024 Lin et al.
attribution name: Lin et al.

Expression profile analysis of cotton fiber secondary cell wall thickening stage
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: To determine the genes associated with the fiber strength trait in cotton, three different cotton cultivars were selected: Sea Island cotton (Xinhai 32, with hyper-long fibers labeled as HL), and upland cotton (17–24, with long fibers labeled as L, and 62–33, with short fibers labeled as S). These cultivars were chosen to assess fiber samples with varying qualities. RNA-seq technology was used to analyze the expression profiles of cotton fibers at the secondary cell wall (SCW) thickening stage (20, 25, and 30 days post-anthesis (DPA)). The results showed that a large number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained from the three assessed cotton cultivars at different stages of SCW development. For instance, at 20 DPA, Sea Island cotton (HL) had 6,215 and 5,364 DEGs compared to upland cotton 17–24 (L) and 62–33 (S), respectively. Meanwhile, there were 1,236 DEGs between two upland cotton cultivars, 17–24 (L) and 62–33 (S). Gene Ontology (GO) term enrichment identified 42 functions, including 20 biological processes, 11 cellular components, and 11 molecular functions. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis identified several pathways involved in SCW synthesis and thickening, such as glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, galactose metabolism, propanoate metabolism, biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids pathway, valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation, fatty acid elongation pathways, and plant hormone signal transduction. Through the identification of shared DEGs, 46 DEGs were found to exhibit considerable expressional differences at different fiber stages from the three cotton cultivars. These shared DEGs have functions including REDOX enzymes, binding proteins, hydrolases (such as GDSL thioesterase), transferases, metalloproteins (cytochromatin-like genes), kinases, carbohydrates, and transcription factors (MYB and WRKY). Therefore, RT-qPCR was performed to verify the expression levels of nine of the 46 identified DEGs, an approach…
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Li Liu
creator: Corrinne E. Grover
creator: Xianhui Kong
creator: Josef Jareczek
creator: Xuwen Wang
creator: Aijun Si
creator: Juan Wang
creator: Yu Yu
creator: Zhiwen Chen
subject: Agricultural Science
subject: Genomics
subject: Plant Science
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.17682
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2024 Liu et al.
abstract: To determine the genes associated with the fiber strength trait in cotton, three different cotton cultivars were selected: Sea Island cotton (Xinhai 32, with hyper-long fibers labeled as HL), and upland cotton (17–24, with long fibers labeled as L, and 62–33, with short fibers labeled as S). These cultivars were chosen to assess fiber samples with varying qualities. RNA-seq technology was used to analyze the expression profiles of cotton fibers at the secondary cell wall (SCW) thickening stage (20, 25, and 30 days post-anthesis (DPA)). The results showed that a large number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained from the three assessed cotton cultivars at different stages of SCW development. For instance, at 20 DPA, Sea Island cotton (HL) had 6,215 and 5,364 DEGs compared to upland cotton 17–24 (L) and 62–33 (S), respectively. Meanwhile, there were 1,236 DEGs between two upland cotton cultivars, 17–24 (L) and 62–33 (S). Gene Ontology (GO) term enrichment identified 42 functions, including 20 biological processes, 11 cellular components, and 11 molecular functions. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis identified several pathways involved in SCW synthesis and thickening, such as glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, galactose metabolism, propanoate metabolism, biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids pathway, valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation, fatty acid elongation pathways, and plant hormone signal transduction. Through the identification of shared DEGs, 46 DEGs were found to exhibit considerable expressional differences at different fiber stages from the three cotton cultivars. These shared DEGs have functions including REDOX enzymes, binding proteins, hydrolases (such as GDSL thioesterase), transferases, metalloproteins (cytochromatin-like genes), kinases, carbohydrates, and transcription factors (MYB and WRKY). Therefore, RT-qPCR was performed to verify the expression levels of nine of the 46 identified DEGs, an approach…
bibliographic citation: Liu et al. (2024) Expression profile analysis of cotton fiber secondary cell wall thickening stage. PeerJ 12:e17682 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.17682
date submitted: 2023-11-28
date accepted: 2024-06-13
issued: 2024-07-08
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Liu
  given name: Li
author list: Agent
  family name: Grover
  given name: Corrinne E.
author list: Agent
  family name: Kong
  given name: Xianhui
author list: Agent
  family name: Jareczek
  given name: Josef
author list: Agent
  family name: Wang
  given name: Xuwen
author list: Agent
  family name: Si
  given name: Aijun
author list: Agent
  family name: Wang
  given name: Juan
author list: Agent
  family name: Yu
  given name: Yu
author list: Agent
  family name: Chen
  given name: Zhiwen
doi: 10.7717/peerj.17682
volume: 12
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2024-07-08
copyright: © 2024 Liu et al.
attribution name: Liu et al.

Changes in the composition of invertebrate assemblages from wave-exposed intertidal mussel stands along the Nova Scotia coast, Canada
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Rocky intertidal habitats occur worldwide and are mainly characterized by primary space holders such as seaweeds and sessile invertebrates. Some of these organisms are foundation species, as they can form structurally complex stands that host many small invertebrates. The abundance of primary space holders is known to vary along coastlines driven directly or indirectly by environmental variation. However, it is less clear if the invertebrate assemblages associated to a foundation species may remain relatively unchanged along coastlines, as similar stands of a foundation species can generate similar microclimates. We examined this question using abundance data for invertebrate species found in mussel stands of a similar structure in wave-exposed rocky habitats at mid-intertidal elevations along the Atlantic coast of Nova Scotia (Canada). While the most abundant invertebrate species were found at three locations spanning 315 km of coastline, species composition (a combined measure of species identity and their relative abundance) differed significantly among the locations. One of the species explaining the highest amount of variation among locations (a barnacle) exhibited potential signs of bottom-up regulation involving pelagic food supply, suggesting benthic–pelagic coupling. The abundance of the species that explained the highest amount of variation (an oligochaete) was positively related to the abundance of their predators (mites), further suggesting bottom-up forcing in these communities. Overall, we conclude that species assemblages associated to structurally similar stands of a foundation species can show clear changes in species composition at a regional scale.
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Ricardo A. Scrosati
creator: Julius A. Ellrich
subject: Biodiversity
subject: Biogeography
subject: Marine Biology
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.17697
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2024 Scrosati and Ellrich
abstract: Rocky intertidal habitats occur worldwide and are mainly characterized by primary space holders such as seaweeds and sessile invertebrates. Some of these organisms are foundation species, as they can form structurally complex stands that host many small invertebrates. The abundance of primary space holders is known to vary along coastlines driven directly or indirectly by environmental variation. However, it is less clear if the invertebrate assemblages associated to a foundation species may remain relatively unchanged along coastlines, as similar stands of a foundation species can generate similar microclimates. We examined this question using abundance data for invertebrate species found in mussel stands of a similar structure in wave-exposed rocky habitats at mid-intertidal elevations along the Atlantic coast of Nova Scotia (Canada). While the most abundant invertebrate species were found at three locations spanning 315 km of coastline, species composition (a combined measure of species identity and their relative abundance) differed significantly among the locations. One of the species explaining the highest amount of variation among locations (a barnacle) exhibited potential signs of bottom-up regulation involving pelagic food supply, suggesting benthic–pelagic coupling. The abundance of the species that explained the highest amount of variation (an oligochaete) was positively related to the abundance of their predators (mites), further suggesting bottom-up forcing in these communities. Overall, we conclude that species assemblages associated to structurally similar stands of a foundation species can show clear changes in species composition at a regional scale.
bibliographic citation: Scrosati et al. (2024) Changes in the composition of invertebrate assemblages from wave-exposed intertidal mussel stands along the Nova Scotia coast, Canada. PeerJ 12:e17697 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.17697
date submitted: 2024-05-03
date accepted: 2024-06-14
issued: 2024-07-08
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Scrosati
  given name: Ricardo A.
author list: Agent
  family name: Ellrich
  given name: Julius A.
doi: 10.7717/peerj.17697
volume: 12
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2024-07-08
copyright: ©2024 Scrosati and Ellrich
attribution name: Scrosati and Ellrich

Lysyl oxidase-like 1 predicts the prognosis of patients with primary glioblastoma and promotes tumor invasion via EMT pathway
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Background Lysyl oxidase enzymes (LOXs), as extracellular matrix (ECM) protein regulators, play vital roles in tumor progression by remodeling the tumor microenvironment. However, their roles in glioblastoma (GBM) have not been fully elucidated. Methods The genetic alterations and prognostic value of LOXs were investigated via cBioPortal. The correlations between LOXs and biological functions/molecular tumor subtypes were explored in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA). After Kaplan‒Meier and Cox survival analyses, a Loxl1-based nomogram and prognostic risk score model (PRSM) were constructed and evaluated by time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curves, calibration curves, and decision curve analyses. Tumor enrichment pathways and immune infiltrates were explored by single-cell RNA sequencing and TIMER. Loxl1-related changes in tumor viability/proliferation and invasion were further validated by CCK-8, western blot, wound healing, and Transwell invasion assays. Results GBM patients with altered LOXs had poor survival. Upregulated LOXs were found in IDH1-wildtype and mesenchymal (not Loxl1) GBM subtypes, promoting ECM receptor interactions in GBM. The Loxl1-based nomogram and the PRSM showed high accuracy, reliability, and net clinical benefits. Loxl1 expression was related to tumor invasion and immune infiltration (B cells, neutrophils, and dendritic cells). Loxl1 knockdown suppressed GBM cell proliferation and invasion by inhibiting the EMT pathway (through the downregulation of N-cadherin/Vimentin/Snai1 and the upregulation of E-cadherin). Conclusion The Loxl1-based nomogram and PRSM were stable and individualized for assessing GBM patient prognosis, and the invasive role of Loxl1 could provide a promising therapeutic strategy.
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Gui-Qiang Yuan
creator: Guoguo Zhang
creator: Qianqian Nie
creator: Zhong Wang
creator: Hong-Zhi Gao
creator: Gui-Shan Jin
creator: Zong-Qing Zheng
subject: Bioinformatics
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Neurology
subject: Oncology
subject: Translational Medicine
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.17579
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2024 Yuan et al.
abstract: Background Lysyl oxidase enzymes (LOXs), as extracellular matrix (ECM) protein regulators, play vital roles in tumor progression by remodeling the tumor microenvironment. However, their roles in glioblastoma (GBM) have not been fully elucidated. Methods The genetic alterations and prognostic value of LOXs were investigated via cBioPortal. The correlations between LOXs and biological functions/molecular tumor subtypes were explored in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA). After Kaplan‒Meier and Cox survival analyses, a Loxl1-based nomogram and prognostic risk score model (PRSM) were constructed and evaluated by time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curves, calibration curves, and decision curve analyses. Tumor enrichment pathways and immune infiltrates were explored by single-cell RNA sequencing and TIMER. Loxl1-related changes in tumor viability/proliferation and invasion were further validated by CCK-8, western blot, wound healing, and Transwell invasion assays. Results GBM patients with altered LOXs had poor survival. Upregulated LOXs were found in IDH1-wildtype and mesenchymal (not Loxl1) GBM subtypes, promoting ECM receptor interactions in GBM. The Loxl1-based nomogram and the PRSM showed high accuracy, reliability, and net clinical benefits. Loxl1 expression was related to tumor invasion and immune infiltration (B cells, neutrophils, and dendritic cells). Loxl1 knockdown suppressed GBM cell proliferation and invasion by inhibiting the EMT pathway (through the downregulation of N-cadherin/Vimentin/Snai1 and the upregulation of E-cadherin). Conclusion The Loxl1-based nomogram and PRSM were stable and individualized for assessing GBM patient prognosis, and the invasive role of Loxl1 could provide a promising therapeutic strategy.
bibliographic citation: Yuan et al. (2024) Lysyl oxidase-like 1 predicts the prognosis of patients with primary glioblastoma and promotes tumor invasion via EMT pathway. PeerJ 12:e17579 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.17579
date submitted: 2023-11-30
date accepted: 2024-05-25
issued: 2024-07-05
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Yuan
  given name: Gui-Qiang
author list: Agent
  family name: Zhang
  given name: Guoguo
author list: Agent
  family name: Nie
  given name: Qianqian
author list: Agent
  family name: Wang
  given name: Zhong
author list: Agent
  family name: Gao
  given name: Hong-Zhi
author list: Agent
  family name: Jin
  given name: Gui-Shan
author list: Agent
  family name: Zheng
  given name: Zong-Qing
doi: 10.7717/peerj.17579
volume: 12
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2024-07-05
copyright: © 2024 Yuan et al.
attribution name: Yuan et al.

The antioxidant effects of butylated hydroxytoluene on cryopreserved goat sperm from a proteomic perspective
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: At present, there are few reports about the proteomics changes provoked by butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) supplementation on cryopreserved semen in mammals. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the effects of different concentrations of BHT on goat sperm and to investigate the proteomics changes of adding BHT to cryopreserved goat (Capra hircus) sperm. Firstly, semen samples were collected from four goats, and frozen in the basic extenders containing different concentrations of BHT (0.5 mM, 1.0 mM, 2.0 mM) and a control without BHT, respectively. After thawing, the protective effects of dose-dependent replenished BHT to the freezing medium on post-thaw sperm motility, integrities of plasma membrane and acrosome, reactive oxygen species levels were confirmed, with 0.5 mM BHT being the best (B group) as compared to the control (without BHT, C group). Afterwards, TMT-based quantitative proteomic technique was performed to profile proteome of the goat sperm between C group and B group. Parallel reaction monitoring was used to confirm reliability of the data. Overall, 2,476 proteins were identified and quantified via this approach. Comparing the C and B groups directly (C vs. B), there were 17 differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) po-tentially associated with sperm characteristics and functions were identified, wherein three were upregulated and 14 were downregulated, respectively. GO annotation analysis demonstrated the potential involvement of the identified DAPs in metabolic process, multi-organism process, reproduction, reproductive process, and cellular process. KEGG enrichment analysis further indicated their potential roles in renin-angiotensin system and glutathione metabolism pathways. Together, this novel study clearly shows that BHT can effectively improve quality parameters and fertility potential of post-thawed goat sperm at the optimal concentration, and its cryoprotection may be realized through regulation of sperm metabolism and antioxidative capability from the …
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Chunyan Li
creator: Larbi Allai
creator: Jiachong Liang
creator: Chunrong Lv
creator: Xiaoqi Zhao
creator: Xiaojun Ni
creator: Guoquan Wu
creator: Weidong Deng
creator: Bouabid Badaoui
creator: Guobo Quan
subject: Agricultural Science
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Veterinary Medicine
subject: Zoology
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.17580
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2024 Li et al.
abstract: At present, there are few reports about the proteomics changes provoked by butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) supplementation on cryopreserved semen in mammals. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the effects of different concentrations of BHT on goat sperm and to investigate the proteomics changes of adding BHT to cryopreserved goat (Capra hircus) sperm. Firstly, semen samples were collected from four goats, and frozen in the basic extenders containing different concentrations of BHT (0.5 mM, 1.0 mM, 2.0 mM) and a control without BHT, respectively. After thawing, the protective effects of dose-dependent replenished BHT to the freezing medium on post-thaw sperm motility, integrities of plasma membrane and acrosome, reactive oxygen species levels were confirmed, with 0.5 mM BHT being the best (B group) as compared to the control (without BHT, C group). Afterwards, TMT-based quantitative proteomic technique was performed to profile proteome of the goat sperm between C group and B group. Parallel reaction monitoring was used to confirm reliability of the data. Overall, 2,476 proteins were identified and quantified via this approach. Comparing the C and B groups directly (C vs. B), there were 17 differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) po-tentially associated with sperm characteristics and functions were identified, wherein three were upregulated and 14 were downregulated, respectively. GO annotation analysis demonstrated the potential involvement of the identified DAPs in metabolic process, multi-organism process, reproduction, reproductive process, and cellular process. KEGG enrichment analysis further indicated their potential roles in renin-angiotensin system and glutathione metabolism pathways. Together, this novel study clearly shows that BHT can effectively improve quality parameters and fertility potential of post-thawed goat sperm at the optimal concentration, and its cryoprotection may be realized through regulation of sperm metabolism and antioxidative capability from the …
bibliographic citation: Li et al. (2024) The antioxidant effects of butylated hydroxytoluene on cryopreserved goat sperm from a proteomic perspective. PeerJ 12:e17580 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.17580
date submitted: 2024-01-24
date accepted: 2024-05-25
issued: 2024-07-05
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Li
  given name: Chunyan
author list: Agent
  family name: Allai
  given name: Larbi
author list: Agent
  family name: Liang
  given name: Jiachong
author list: Agent
  family name: Lv
  given name: Chunrong
author list: Agent
  family name: Zhao
  given name: Xiaoqi
author list: Agent
  family name: Ni
  given name: Xiaojun
author list: Agent
  family name: Wu
  given name: Guoquan
author list: Agent
  family name: Deng
  given name: Weidong
author list: Agent
  family name: Badaoui
  given name: Bouabid
author list: Agent
  family name: Quan
  given name: Guobo
doi: 10.7717/peerj.17580
volume: 12
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2024-07-05
copyright: ©2024 Li et al.
attribution name: Li et al.

In vitro cytoprotective and in vivo anti-oral mucositis effects of melatonin and its derivatives
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: According to our preliminary study, melatonin and its N-amide derivatives (N-(2-(1-4-bromobenzoyl-5-methoxy-1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl)acetamide (BBM) and 4-bromo-N-(2-(5-methoxy-1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl)benzamide (EBM)) inhibited the marker of acute inflammation in tests in vitro and in vivo. The anti-inflammatory agent is intended for the prevention and treatment of chemotherapy-induced toxicity. In this study aimed to evaluate the effect of melatonin and its derivatives on mechanisms related to chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis by in vitro ROS and 5-FU-induced human keratinocyte cells as well as in vivo oral mucositis model. In in vitro H2O2-induced HaCaT cells, BBM had the highest level of protection (34.57%) at a concentration 50 µM, followed by EBM (26.41%), and melatonin (7.9%). BBM also protected cells against 5-FU-induced to 37.69–27.25% at 12.5–100 µM while EBM was 36.93–29.33% and melatonin was 22.5–11.39%. In in vivo 5-FU-induced oral mucositis in mice, melatonin, BBM, and EBM gel formulations protected tissue damage from 5-FU similar to the standard compound, benzydamine. Moreover, the weight of mice and food consumption recovered more quickly in the BBM group. These findings suggested that it was possible to develop BBM and EBM as new therapeutic agents for the treatment of oral mucositis.
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Pramote Mahakunakorn
creator: Pimpichaya Sangchart
creator: Panyada Panyatip
creator: Juthamat Ratha
creator: Teerasak Damrongrungruang
creator: Aroonsri Priprem
creator: Ploenthip Puthongking
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Drugs and Devices
subject: Otorhinolaryngology
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.17608
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2024 Mahakunakorn et al.
abstract: According to our preliminary study, melatonin and its N-amide derivatives (N-(2-(1-4-bromobenzoyl-5-methoxy-1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl)acetamide (BBM) and 4-bromo-N-(2-(5-methoxy-1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl)benzamide (EBM)) inhibited the marker of acute inflammation in tests in vitro and in vivo. The anti-inflammatory agent is intended for the prevention and treatment of chemotherapy-induced toxicity. In this study aimed to evaluate the effect of melatonin and its derivatives on mechanisms related to chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis by in vitro ROS and 5-FU-induced human keratinocyte cells as well as in vivo oral mucositis model. In in vitro H2O2-induced HaCaT cells, BBM had the highest level of protection (34.57%) at a concentration 50 µM, followed by EBM (26.41%), and melatonin (7.9%). BBM also protected cells against 5-FU-induced to 37.69–27.25% at 12.5–100 µM while EBM was 36.93–29.33% and melatonin was 22.5–11.39%. In in vivo 5-FU-induced oral mucositis in mice, melatonin, BBM, and EBM gel formulations protected tissue damage from 5-FU similar to the standard compound, benzydamine. Moreover, the weight of mice and food consumption recovered more quickly in the BBM group. These findings suggested that it was possible to develop BBM and EBM as new therapeutic agents for the treatment of oral mucositis.
bibliographic citation: Mahakunakorn et al. (2024) In vitro cytoprotective and in vivo anti-oral mucositis effects of melatonin and its derivatives. PeerJ 12:e17608 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.17608
date submitted: 2023-11-28
date accepted: 2024-05-30
issued: 2024-07-05
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Mahakunakorn
  given name: Pramote
author list: Agent
  family name: Sangchart
  given name: Pimpichaya
author list: Agent
  family name: Panyatip
  given name: Panyada
author list: Agent
  family name: Ratha
  given name: Juthamat
author list: Agent
  family name: Damrongrungruang
  given name: Teerasak
author list: Agent
  family name: Priprem
  given name: Aroonsri
author list: Agent
  family name: Puthongking
  given name: Ploenthip
doi: 10.7717/peerj.17608
volume: 12
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2024-07-05
copyright: © 2024 Mahakunakorn et al.
attribution name: Mahakunakorn et al.

Exploring main soil drivers of vegetation succession in abandoned croplands of Minqin Oasis, China
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Background The Minqin Oasis, which is located in Wuwei City, Gansu Province, China, faces a very serious land desertification problem, with about 94.5% of its total area desertified. Accordingly, it is crucial to implement ecological restoration policies such as cropland abandonment in this region. In abandoned croplands, abiotic factors such as soil properties may become more important than biotic factors in driving vegetation succession. However, the connections between soil properties and vegetation succession remain unclear. To fill this knowledge gap, this study investigated these connections to explore major factors that affected vegetation succession, which is meaningful to designing management measures to restore these degraded ecosystems. Methods This study investigated seven 1–29-year-old abandoned croplands using the “space for time” method in Minqin Oasis. Vegetation succession was classified into different stages using a canonical correlation analysis (CCA) and two-way indicator species analysis (Twinspan). The link between soil properties and vegetation succession was analyzed using CCA. The primary factors shaping community patterns of vegetation succession were chosen by the “Forward selection” in CCA. The responses of dominant species to soil properties were analyzed using generalized additive models (GAMs). Results Dominant species turnover occurred obviously after cropland abandonment. Vegetation succession can be classified into three stages (i.e., early, intermediate, and late successional stages) with markedly different community composition and diversity. The main drivers of vegetation succession among soil properties were soil salinity and saturated soil water content and they had led to different responses of the dominant species in early and late successional stages. During the development of vegetation succession, community composition became simpler, and species diversity decreased significantly, which was a type of regressive succession.…
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Li Chang
creator: Shuhua Yi
creator: Yu Qin
creator: Yi Sun
creator: Huifang Zhang
creator: Jing Hu
creator: Kaiming Li
creator: Xuemei Yang
subject: Biodiversity
subject: Conservation Biology
subject: Ecology
subject: Plant Science
subject: Soil Science
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.17627
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2024 Chang et al.
abstract: Background The Minqin Oasis, which is located in Wuwei City, Gansu Province, China, faces a very serious land desertification problem, with about 94.5% of its total area desertified. Accordingly, it is crucial to implement ecological restoration policies such as cropland abandonment in this region. In abandoned croplands, abiotic factors such as soil properties may become more important than biotic factors in driving vegetation succession. However, the connections between soil properties and vegetation succession remain unclear. To fill this knowledge gap, this study investigated these connections to explore major factors that affected vegetation succession, which is meaningful to designing management measures to restore these degraded ecosystems. Methods This study investigated seven 1–29-year-old abandoned croplands using the “space for time” method in Minqin Oasis. Vegetation succession was classified into different stages using a canonical correlation analysis (CCA) and two-way indicator species analysis (Twinspan). The link between soil properties and vegetation succession was analyzed using CCA. The primary factors shaping community patterns of vegetation succession were chosen by the “Forward selection” in CCA. The responses of dominant species to soil properties were analyzed using generalized additive models (GAMs). Results Dominant species turnover occurred obviously after cropland abandonment. Vegetation succession can be classified into three stages (i.e., early, intermediate, and late successional stages) with markedly different community composition and diversity. The main drivers of vegetation succession among soil properties were soil salinity and saturated soil water content and they had led to different responses of the dominant species in early and late successional stages. During the development of vegetation succession, community composition became simpler, and species diversity decreased significantly, which was a type of regressive succession.…
bibliographic citation: Chang et al. (2024) Exploring main soil drivers of vegetation succession in abandoned croplands of Minqin Oasis, China. PeerJ 12:e17627 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.17627
date submitted: 2023-08-03
date accepted: 2024-06-02
issued: 2024-07-05
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Chang
  given name: Li
author list: Agent
  family name: Yi
  given name: Shuhua
author list: Agent
  family name: Qin
  given name: Yu
author list: Agent
  family name: Sun
  given name: Yi
author list: Agent
  family name: Zhang
  given name: Huifang
author list: Agent
  family name: Hu
  given name: Jing
author list: Agent
  family name: Li
  given name: Kaiming
author list: Agent
  family name: Yang
  given name: Xuemei
doi: 10.7717/peerj.17627
volume: 12
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2024-07-05
copyright: © 2024 Chang et al.
attribution name: Chang et al.

Brazilin cream from Caesalpinia sappan inhibit periodontal disease: in vivo study
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Background Gingivitis is an inflammation of the gums that is the initial cause of the development of periodontal disease by the activity of Nuclear Factor-kappa B (NF-κB), Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), p38, and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α). Unaddressed chronic inflammation can lead to persistent disturbances in other parts of the body. Brazilin is a naturally occurring plant chemical that may have antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects. Treatment based on the natural plant compound, brazilin, is developed in the form of a topical cream for easy application. Objective The aim is to develop the natural compound brazilin in the form of a topical cream as an anti-inflammatory agent to reduce NF-κB expression through Imunohistochemistry (IHC) methods, and the expression of pro-inflammatory genes IL-1β, IL-6, p38, and TNF-α. Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats were induced with gingivitis using P. gingivalis bacteria. The observed groups included rats treated with a single application of brazilin cream and rats treated with two applications of brazilin cream. The treatment was administered for 15 days. On days 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15, anatomical wound observations and wound histology using hematoxylin-eosin and Masson’s Trichrome staining were performed. NF-κB protein expression was analyzed using the IHC method. Gingival inflammation gene expression of NF-κB, IL-1β, IL-6, p38, and TNF-α was measured using q-RTPCR. Results Single and double applications of brazilin cream increased angiogenesis and decreased NF-κB protein expression, in addition to the IL-1β, IL-6, p38, and TNF-α gene expressions. Conclusion In a rat gingivitis model, Brazilin cream may function as an anti-inflammatory agent in the gingival tissue.
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Vinna Kurniawati Sugiaman
creator: Jeffrey Jeffrey
creator: Silvia Naliani
creator: Natallia Pranata
creator: Shelly Lelyana
creator: Wahyu Widowati
creator: Rival Ferdiansyah
creator: Dhanar Septyawan Hadiprasetyo
creator: Vini Ayuni
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Dentistry
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: Histology
subject: Biogeochemistry
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.17642
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2024 Sugiaman et al.
abstract: Background Gingivitis is an inflammation of the gums that is the initial cause of the development of periodontal disease by the activity of Nuclear Factor-kappa B (NF-κB), Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), p38, and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α). Unaddressed chronic inflammation can lead to persistent disturbances in other parts of the body. Brazilin is a naturally occurring plant chemical that may have antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects. Treatment based on the natural plant compound, brazilin, is developed in the form of a topical cream for easy application. Objective The aim is to develop the natural compound brazilin in the form of a topical cream as an anti-inflammatory agent to reduce NF-κB expression through Imunohistochemistry (IHC) methods, and the expression of pro-inflammatory genes IL-1β, IL-6, p38, and TNF-α. Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats were induced with gingivitis using P. gingivalis bacteria. The observed groups included rats treated with a single application of brazilin cream and rats treated with two applications of brazilin cream. The treatment was administered for 15 days. On days 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15, anatomical wound observations and wound histology using hematoxylin-eosin and Masson’s Trichrome staining were performed. NF-κB protein expression was analyzed using the IHC method. Gingival inflammation gene expression of NF-κB, IL-1β, IL-6, p38, and TNF-α was measured using q-RTPCR. Results Single and double applications of brazilin cream increased angiogenesis and decreased NF-κB protein expression, in addition to the IL-1β, IL-6, p38, and TNF-α gene expressions. Conclusion In a rat gingivitis model, Brazilin cream may function as an anti-inflammatory agent in the gingival tissue.
bibliographic citation: Sugiaman et al. (2024) Brazilin cream from Caesalpinia sappan inhibit periodontal disease: in vivo study. PeerJ 12:e17642 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.17642
date submitted: 2024-02-08
date accepted: 2024-06-06
issued: 2024-07-05
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Sugiaman
  given name: Vinna Kurniawati
author list: Agent
  family name: Jeffrey
  given name: Jeffrey
author list: Agent
  family name: Naliani
  given name: Silvia
author list: Agent
  family name: Pranata
  given name: Natallia
author list: Agent
  family name: Lelyana
  given name: Shelly
author list: Agent
  family name: Widowati
  given name: Wahyu
author list: Agent
  family name: Ferdiansyah
  given name: Rival
author list: Agent
  family name: Hadiprasetyo
  given name: Dhanar Septyawan
author list: Agent
  family name: Ayuni
  given name: Vini
doi: 10.7717/peerj.17642
volume: 12
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2024-07-05
copyright: ©2024 Sugiaman et al.
attribution name: Sugiaman et al.

PeerJ
type: Periodical
uri: PeerJ
issn: 2167-8359