PeerJ
type: channel
link: https://peerj.com/articles/
description: Articles published in PeerJ
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
publication name: PeerJ
issn: 2167-8359
items: Knowledge, attitude and purchasing behavior of Saudi mothers towards food additives and dietary pattern of preschool children
items: Parental thermal conditions affect the brain activity response to alarm cue in larval zebrafish
items: Assessment of genetic diversity by phenological traits, field performance, and Start Codon Targeted (SCoT) polymorphism marker of seventeen soybean genotypes (Glycine max L.)
items: Dynamic perspectives on biodiversity quantification: beyond conventional metrics
items: The relationship between virtual simulation, critical thinking, and self-directed learning abilities of nursing students in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
items: Health perceptions of patients with forgotten double-J stent
items: Effects of video game immersion and task interference on cognitive performance: a study on immediate and delayed recall and recognition accuracy
items: Integrating whole genome sequencing and machine learning for predicting antimicrobial resistance in critical pathogens: a systematic review of antimicrobial susceptibility tests
items: Pdk3’s role in RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation: insights from a bone marrow macrophage model
items: The impact of three thioxothiazolidin compounds on trehalase activity and development of Spodoptera frugiperda larvae

Knowledge, attitude and purchasing behavior of Saudi mothers towards food additives and dietary pattern of preschool children
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Background There are over 506 children’s products containing one or more types of additives. Maternal awareness of these additives is essential for the health of preschool-aged children, as this period is vital for children’s growth and development. This study aims to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and purchasing behaviors related to food additives among mothers living in the western region of Saudi Arabia, as well as the dietary patterns of preschool children. Method A cross-sectional study was conducted using an online survey with a convenience sample of 521 mothers of preschool-aged children (3–5 years old). The survey gathered data on the child’s age, number of children, the youngest child’s weight and height, food intolerance, tooth decay, as well as the dietary patterns of preschool children. It also assessed the mother’s knowledge, attitude, and purchasing behaviors related to food additives. Results The study found that 46.6% of mothers demonstrated good knowledge of food additives, while 56.0% demonstrated fair attitudes and 78.5% good purchasing behavior regarding additives. Additionally, the majority of mothers reported favorable dietary patterns for their preschool-aged children. “Biscuits and crackers” had the highest consumption frequency (4.98 ± 1.50), with 36.7% of children consuming them once daily, while “Soft beverages” had the lowest consumption frequency (2.73 ± 2.04), with 46.6% of children never consuming them. Statistically significant differences were identified between mothers’ knowledge and their age, education level, occupation status, and economic status (p < 0.05). ANOVA results also indicated a statistically significant difference between mothers’ attitudes and occupation status (p < 0.05). Furthermore, there were significant positive correlations between mothers’ knowledge of food additives and their attitudes (r = 0.293) and purchasing behaviors (r = 0.284) related to additives. Conclusion The findings suggest that mothers possess …
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Reem H. Almoabadi
creator: Mahitab A. Hanbazaza
subject: Nutrition
subject: Public Health
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.18223
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2024 Almoabadi and Hanbazaza
abstract: Background There are over 506 children’s products containing one or more types of additives. Maternal awareness of these additives is essential for the health of preschool-aged children, as this period is vital for children’s growth and development. This study aims to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and purchasing behaviors related to food additives among mothers living in the western region of Saudi Arabia, as well as the dietary patterns of preschool children. Method A cross-sectional study was conducted using an online survey with a convenience sample of 521 mothers of preschool-aged children (3–5 years old). The survey gathered data on the child’s age, number of children, the youngest child’s weight and height, food intolerance, tooth decay, as well as the dietary patterns of preschool children. It also assessed the mother’s knowledge, attitude, and purchasing behaviors related to food additives. Results The study found that 46.6% of mothers demonstrated good knowledge of food additives, while 56.0% demonstrated fair attitudes and 78.5% good purchasing behavior regarding additives. Additionally, the majority of mothers reported favorable dietary patterns for their preschool-aged children. “Biscuits and crackers” had the highest consumption frequency (4.98 ± 1.50), with 36.7% of children consuming them once daily, while “Soft beverages” had the lowest consumption frequency (2.73 ± 2.04), with 46.6% of children never consuming them. Statistically significant differences were identified between mothers’ knowledge and their age, education level, occupation status, and economic status (p < 0.05). ANOVA results also indicated a statistically significant difference between mothers’ attitudes and occupation status (p < 0.05). Furthermore, there were significant positive correlations between mothers’ knowledge of food additives and their attitudes (r = 0.293) and purchasing behaviors (r = 0.284) related to additives. Conclusion The findings suggest that mothers possess …
bibliographic citation: Almoabadi et al. (2024) Knowledge, attitude and purchasing behavior of Saudi mothers towards food additives and dietary pattern of preschool children. PeerJ 12:e18223 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.18223
date submitted: 2024-03-27
date accepted: 2024-09-12
issued: 2024-10-10
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Almoabadi
  given name: Reem H.
author list: Agent
  family name: Hanbazaza
  given name: Mahitab A.
doi: 10.7717/peerj.18223
volume: 12
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2024-10-10
copyright: ©2024 Almoabadi and Hanbazaza
attribution name: Almoabadi and Hanbazaza

Parental thermal conditions affect the brain activity response to alarm cue in larval zebrafish
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Temperature is a crucial factor affecting the physiology of ectothermic animals, but exposure to elevated temperature during specific life stages and across generations may confer fish resilience through phenotypic plasticity. In this study, we investigate the effects of developmental and parental temperature on brain activity response to an olfactory cue in the larval zebrafish, Danio rerio. We exposed parents during reproduction and their offspring during development to control (28 °C) or elevated temperature (30 °C) and observed the response of the larval telencephalon to an alarm cue using live calcium imaging. Parental exposure to elevated temperature decreased the time till maximum brain activity response regardless of the offspring’s developmental temperature, revealing that parental thermal conditions can affect the excitability of the offspring’s neural circuitry. Furthermore, brain activity duration was affected by the interaction between parental and offspring thermal conditions, where longer brain activity duration was seen when either parents or offspring were exposed to elevated temperature. Conversely, we found shorter brain activity duration when the offspring were exposed to the same temperature as their parents, in both control and elevated temperature. This could represent an anticipatory parental effect influencing the offspring’s brain response to match the parental environment, or an early developmental effect occurring within a susceptible short time window post-fertilization. Overall, our results suggest that warming can alter processes involved in brain transmission and show that parental conditions could aid in the preparation of their offspring to respond to olfactory stimuli in a warming environment.
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Jade M. Sourisse
creator: Julie L. Semmelhack
creator: Celia Schunter
subject: Aquaculture, Fisheries and Fish Science
subject: Ecology
subject: Neuroscience
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.18241
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2024 Sourisse et al.
abstract: Temperature is a crucial factor affecting the physiology of ectothermic animals, but exposure to elevated temperature during specific life stages and across generations may confer fish resilience through phenotypic plasticity. In this study, we investigate the effects of developmental and parental temperature on brain activity response to an olfactory cue in the larval zebrafish, Danio rerio. We exposed parents during reproduction and their offspring during development to control (28 °C) or elevated temperature (30 °C) and observed the response of the larval telencephalon to an alarm cue using live calcium imaging. Parental exposure to elevated temperature decreased the time till maximum brain activity response regardless of the offspring’s developmental temperature, revealing that parental thermal conditions can affect the excitability of the offspring’s neural circuitry. Furthermore, brain activity duration was affected by the interaction between parental and offspring thermal conditions, where longer brain activity duration was seen when either parents or offspring were exposed to elevated temperature. Conversely, we found shorter brain activity duration when the offspring were exposed to the same temperature as their parents, in both control and elevated temperature. This could represent an anticipatory parental effect influencing the offspring’s brain response to match the parental environment, or an early developmental effect occurring within a susceptible short time window post-fertilization. Overall, our results suggest that warming can alter processes involved in brain transmission and show that parental conditions could aid in the preparation of their offspring to respond to olfactory stimuli in a warming environment.
bibliographic citation: Sourisse et al. (2024) Parental thermal conditions affect the brain activity response to alarm cue in larval zebrafish. PeerJ 12:e18241 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.18241
date submitted: 2024-08-09
date accepted: 2024-09-15
issued: 2024-10-10
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Sourisse
  given name: Jade M.
author list: Agent
  family name: Semmelhack
  given name: Julie L.
author list: Agent
  family name: Schunter
  given name: Celia
doi: 10.7717/peerj.18241
volume: 12
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2024-10-10
copyright: ©2024 Sourisse et al.
attribution name: Sourisse et al.

Assessment of genetic diversity by phenological traits, field performance, and Start Codon Targeted (SCoT) polymorphism marker of seventeen soybean genotypes (Glycine max L.)
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: The Egyptian-farmed soybeans have a wide range of genetic diversity which is most important in plant improvement programs in order to develop new higher yielding soybean genotypes. The present study is designed to determine the genetic variability among seventeen genotypes of cultivated soybean (Glycine max L.) by examining the phenotypic level at the seedling stage, field performance over two years 2022/2023 and genetically using Start Codon Targeted (SCoT) markers. Results indicated that the SCoT markers, 100 seed weight, and tip angle (TA) traits were positively correlated with H2L12, DR 101, H15L5, and H117 genotypes. In addition, the number of branches per plant and plant height were associated with H113, H32, Crowford, H129, and D7512035. Furthermore, the length of the first internode (LFI), root width (RW), root length (RL), and shoot length (SL) were more associated with Giza 111, NC105, and Hutcheson. The hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and its associated heatmap explored the differences among the genotypes. It showed that all examined parameters were clustered into four distinct clusters. The obtained results showed that genotypes NC105, H30, D75_12035, and H2L12 have promising phenological and morphological traits besides tracking the inheritance of nearby genes surrounding the ATG translation start codon since they are in a monoclades. The obtained results will help the breeder plan appropriate selection strategies for improving seed yield in soybeans through hybridization from divergent clusters.
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Mahmoud Abdel-Sattar
creator: Ehab M. Zayed
creator: Mohamed K. Abou-Shlell
creator: Hail Z. Rihan
creator: Ahmed A. Helal
creator: Nabil E.G. Mekhaile
creator: Ghada E. El-Badan
subject: Agricultural Science
subject: Biodiversity
subject: Plant Science
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.17868
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2024 Abdel-Sattar et al.
abstract: The Egyptian-farmed soybeans have a wide range of genetic diversity which is most important in plant improvement programs in order to develop new higher yielding soybean genotypes. The present study is designed to determine the genetic variability among seventeen genotypes of cultivated soybean (Glycine max L.) by examining the phenotypic level at the seedling stage, field performance over two years 2022/2023 and genetically using Start Codon Targeted (SCoT) markers. Results indicated that the SCoT markers, 100 seed weight, and tip angle (TA) traits were positively correlated with H2L12, DR 101, H15L5, and H117 genotypes. In addition, the number of branches per plant and plant height were associated with H113, H32, Crowford, H129, and D7512035. Furthermore, the length of the first internode (LFI), root width (RW), root length (RL), and shoot length (SL) were more associated with Giza 111, NC105, and Hutcheson. The hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and its associated heatmap explored the differences among the genotypes. It showed that all examined parameters were clustered into four distinct clusters. The obtained results showed that genotypes NC105, H30, D75_12035, and H2L12 have promising phenological and morphological traits besides tracking the inheritance of nearby genes surrounding the ATG translation start codon since they are in a monoclades. The obtained results will help the breeder plan appropriate selection strategies for improving seed yield in soybeans through hybridization from divergent clusters.
bibliographic citation: Abdel-Sattar et al. (2024) Assessment of genetic diversity by phenological traits, field performance, and Start Codon Targeted (SCoT) polymorphism marker of seventeen soybean genotypes (Glycine max L.). PeerJ 12:e17868 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.17868
date submitted: 2024-05-03
date accepted: 2024-07-15
issued: 2024-10-09
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Abdel-Sattar
  given name: Mahmoud
author list: Agent
  family name: Zayed
  given name: Ehab M.
author list: Agent
  family name: Abou-Shlell
  given name: Mohamed K.
author list: Agent
  family name: Rihan
  given name: Hail Z.
author list: Agent
  family name: Helal
  given name: Ahmed A.
author list: Agent
  family name: Mekhaile
  given name: Nabil E.G.
author list: Agent
  family name: El-Badan
  given name: Ghada E.
doi: 10.7717/peerj.17868
volume: 12
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2024-10-09
copyright: ©2024 Abdel-Sattar et al.
attribution name: Abdel-Sattar et al.

Dynamic perspectives on biodiversity quantification: beyond conventional metrics
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Our research addresses the pressing need to assess biodiversity in the face of increasing habitat destruction and species extinctions. Several researchers have modelled conventional measures to assess biodiversity. Every measure evaluates biodiversity by considering different properties. Among them Simpson and Shannon indices are widely used, they primarily focus on species richness and abundance, overlooking the importance of rare or unique species. This limitation makes it challenging to identify which species drive changes in biodiversity and hampers conservation efforts. Moreover, these measures are sensitive to sample size and biased towards dominant species, leading to inaccurate estimations. To overcome these challenges, we propose a novel mathematical model that provides a comprehensive assessment of biodiversity. Our model accounts for species dominance, addresses sample size sensitivity, and highlights the significance of rare species within a community. By applying our measure to real-time scenarios and comparing it with traditional methods using the same dataset, proposed measure demonstrated its efficacy in capturing biodiversity dynamics over time.
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Manjula Josephine Bollarapu
creator: Swarna Kuchibhotla
creator: Ramarao Kvsn
creator: Harshita Patel
subject: Biodiversity
subject: Computational Biology
subject: Ecology
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.17924
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2024 Bollarapu et al.
abstract: Our research addresses the pressing need to assess biodiversity in the face of increasing habitat destruction and species extinctions. Several researchers have modelled conventional measures to assess biodiversity. Every measure evaluates biodiversity by considering different properties. Among them Simpson and Shannon indices are widely used, they primarily focus on species richness and abundance, overlooking the importance of rare or unique species. This limitation makes it challenging to identify which species drive changes in biodiversity and hampers conservation efforts. Moreover, these measures are sensitive to sample size and biased towards dominant species, leading to inaccurate estimations. To overcome these challenges, we propose a novel mathematical model that provides a comprehensive assessment of biodiversity. Our model accounts for species dominance, addresses sample size sensitivity, and highlights the significance of rare species within a community. By applying our measure to real-time scenarios and comparing it with traditional methods using the same dataset, proposed measure demonstrated its efficacy in capturing biodiversity dynamics over time.
bibliographic citation: Bollarapu et al. (2024) Dynamic perspectives on biodiversity quantification: beyond conventional metrics. PeerJ 12:e17924 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.17924
date submitted: 2024-04-25
date accepted: 2024-07-24
issued: 2024-10-09
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Bollarapu
  given name: Manjula Josephine
author list: Agent
  family name: Kuchibhotla
  given name: Swarna
author list: Agent
  family name: Kvsn
  given name: Ramarao
author list: Agent
  family name: Patel
  given name: Harshita
doi: 10.7717/peerj.17924
volume: 12
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2024-10-09
copyright: ©2024 Bollarapu et al.
attribution name: Bollarapu et al.

The relationship between virtual simulation, critical thinking, and self-directed learning abilities of nursing students in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Objective The use of virtual simulation in nursing education is an effective approach for improving nursing critical thinking and self-learning abilities, but the previous studies were limited to providing the required evidence that supports the association. This study aimed to assess the relationship between virtual simulation and critical thinking disposition and self-directed learning abilities among nursing students. Methods This is a descriptive correlational, non-experimental study. It was conducted among 201 third- and fourth-year nursing students at the Academic Institution, Saudi Arabia. A non-probability convenience sampling technique was used to select the participants; then, an online, adapted questionnaire was sent to the participants, the data from which was analyzed by SPSS. Results The study findings showed that virtual simulation benefited nursing students. Most participants (56%) agreed that it helped them to think critically, and approximately 27% strongly agreed. It also enhanced their self-directed learning abilities, and the majority of the students agreed that they often review the way nursing practice is conducted. Furthermore, the results showed a significant, positive relationship between virtual simulation and the critical thinking disposition of nursing students (p-value = 0.03; correlation coefficient = 0.65), a strong positive relationship with self-directed learning abilities of nursing students (p-value = 0.004; correlation coefficient = 0.78), and a strong positive relationship between critical thinking disposition with self-directed learning abilities of nursing students (p-value = 0.01; correlation coefficient = 0.72). Conclusion There are significant relationships between virtual simulation and the critical thinking disposition and self-directed learning abilities of nursing students. Furthermore, virtual simulation made the students practice critical thinking and self-learning, so, they simulate events and try to seek out and sol…
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Hanan F. Alharbi
creator: Amjad Alsubaie
creator: Rahaf Gharawi
creator: Rawan Ba Mazroo
creator: Shaikhah Alajaleen
creator: Munerah Alsultan
creator: Munira Alsaleem
creator: Nora Alsubihi
creator: Norah Alsahli
creator: Nashwa Alqahtani
creator: Raghad Rayzah
subject: Nursing
subject: Psychiatry and Psychology
subject: Science and Medical Education
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.18150
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2024 Alharbi et al.
abstract: Objective The use of virtual simulation in nursing education is an effective approach for improving nursing critical thinking and self-learning abilities, but the previous studies were limited to providing the required evidence that supports the association. This study aimed to assess the relationship between virtual simulation and critical thinking disposition and self-directed learning abilities among nursing students. Methods This is a descriptive correlational, non-experimental study. It was conducted among 201 third- and fourth-year nursing students at the Academic Institution, Saudi Arabia. A non-probability convenience sampling technique was used to select the participants; then, an online, adapted questionnaire was sent to the participants, the data from which was analyzed by SPSS. Results The study findings showed that virtual simulation benefited nursing students. Most participants (56%) agreed that it helped them to think critically, and approximately 27% strongly agreed. It also enhanced their self-directed learning abilities, and the majority of the students agreed that they often review the way nursing practice is conducted. Furthermore, the results showed a significant, positive relationship between virtual simulation and the critical thinking disposition of nursing students (p-value = 0.03; correlation coefficient = 0.65), a strong positive relationship with self-directed learning abilities of nursing students (p-value = 0.004; correlation coefficient = 0.78), and a strong positive relationship between critical thinking disposition with self-directed learning abilities of nursing students (p-value = 0.01; correlation coefficient = 0.72). Conclusion There are significant relationships between virtual simulation and the critical thinking disposition and self-directed learning abilities of nursing students. Furthermore, virtual simulation made the students practice critical thinking and self-learning, so, they simulate events and try to seek out and sol…
bibliographic citation: Alharbi et al. (2024) The relationship between virtual simulation, critical thinking, and self-directed learning abilities of nursing students in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. PeerJ 12:e18150 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.18150
date submitted: 2023-04-05
date accepted: 2024-08-31
issued: 2024-10-09
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Alharbi
  given name: Hanan F.
author list: Agent
  family name: Alsubaie
  given name: Amjad
author list: Agent
  family name: Gharawi
  given name: Rahaf
author list: Agent
  family name: Ba Mazroo
  given name: Rawan
author list: Agent
  family name: Alajaleen
  given name: Shaikhah
author list: Agent
  family name: Alsultan
  given name: Munerah
author list: Agent
  family name: Alsaleem
  given name: Munira
author list: Agent
  family name: Alsubihi
  given name: Nora
author list: Agent
  family name: Alsahli
  given name: Norah
author list: Agent
  family name: Alqahtani
  given name: Nashwa
author list: Agent
  family name: Rayzah
  given name: Raghad
doi: 10.7717/peerj.18150
volume: 12
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2024-10-09
copyright: ©2024 Alharbi et al.
attribution name: Alharbi et al.

Health perceptions of patients with forgotten double-J stent
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Aim In this article, we aimed to determine the health perceptions of the patients who did not apply for double-J stent (DJS) removal on time and evaluate whether health perceptions impact this behavior. Materials and Methods Health perceptions of 22 patients who were treated for forgotten double-J stent (FDJS) between January 2017–October 2020 and 25 patients who applied for DJS removal during the given appointment time in the urology department of Elazig Training and Research Hospital and Elazig Fethi Sekin City Hospital were compared using the “Health Perception Scale”. Results Health perception scale scores in the FDJS group and control group were 62-68 (mean = 64.27 ± 1.75) and 63-68 (mean = 65.36 ± 1.55), respectively. With regard to the sub-factors of the scale, control center scores were 21.86 ± 0.77 and 22.08 ± 1.15; precision scores were 16.54 ± 0.80 and 16.56 ± 0.82; importance of health scores were 12.77 ± 0, 92 and 13.32 ± 0.74; and self-awareness points were 13.04 ± 0.72 and 13.48 ± 0.58, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference between the health perception scale in total, importance of health, and self-awareness scores between the two groups. At the same time, there was no difference in terms of the control center and precision scores (p∗ = 0.029, p∗ = 0.030, p∗ = 0.028, p = 0.460, p = 0.951). Conclusion Patients’ and their families’ educational status, income levels and lack of follow-up by healthcare professionals play an important role in forgotten DJS cases and patients’ perception of health may also have an impact on this behavior.
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Mehmet Sezai Ogras
creator: Kadir Yildirim
subject: Psychiatry and Psychology
subject: Urology
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.18156
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2024 Ogras and Yildirim
abstract: Aim In this article, we aimed to determine the health perceptions of the patients who did not apply for double-J stent (DJS) removal on time and evaluate whether health perceptions impact this behavior. Materials and Methods Health perceptions of 22 patients who were treated for forgotten double-J stent (FDJS) between January 2017–October 2020 and 25 patients who applied for DJS removal during the given appointment time in the urology department of Elazig Training and Research Hospital and Elazig Fethi Sekin City Hospital were compared using the “Health Perception Scale”. Results Health perception scale scores in the FDJS group and control group were 62-68 (mean = 64.27 ± 1.75) and 63-68 (mean = 65.36 ± 1.55), respectively. With regard to the sub-factors of the scale, control center scores were 21.86 ± 0.77 and 22.08 ± 1.15; precision scores were 16.54 ± 0.80 and 16.56 ± 0.82; importance of health scores were 12.77 ± 0, 92 and 13.32 ± 0.74; and self-awareness points were 13.04 ± 0.72 and 13.48 ± 0.58, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference between the health perception scale in total, importance of health, and self-awareness scores between the two groups. At the same time, there was no difference in terms of the control center and precision scores (p∗ = 0.029, p∗ = 0.030, p∗ = 0.028, p = 0.460, p = 0.951). Conclusion Patients’ and their families’ educational status, income levels and lack of follow-up by healthcare professionals play an important role in forgotten DJS cases and patients’ perception of health may also have an impact on this behavior.
bibliographic citation: Ogras et al. (2024) Health perceptions of patients with forgotten double-J stent. PeerJ 12:e18156 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.18156
date submitted: 2022-04-01
date accepted: 2024-09-01
issued: 2024-10-09
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Ogras
  given name: Mehmet Sezai
author list: Agent
  family name: Yildirim
  given name: Kadir
doi: 10.7717/peerj.18156
volume: 12
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2024-10-09
copyright: ©2024 Ogras and Yildirim
attribution name: Ogras and Yildirim

Effects of video game immersion and task interference on cognitive performance: a study on immediate and delayed recall and recognition accuracy
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: This study investigates the cognitive impacts of video game immersion and task interference on immediate and delayed recall as well as recognition tasks. We enrolled 160 subjects aged 18 to 29, who were regular players of “shoot-em-up” video games for at least 3 years. Participants were assigned to one of three experimental groups or a control group. The experimental conditions varied in the timing and type of tasks: the first group performed a video game session between recall tasks, the second group multitasked with video games and recall tasks simultaneously, and the third group engaged in task switching from video games to recall tasks. Using the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test, we measured the effects of these conditions on cognitive performance, focusing on error types and recall accuracy. Results indicated that multitasking and task switching significantly affected the subjects’ performance, with notable decrements in recall and recognition accuracy in conditions of high task interference. The study highlights the cognitive costs associated with multitasking in immersive digital games and provides insights into how task similarity and interference might increase error rates and affect memory performance.
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Stefania Mancone
creator: Beatrice Tosti
creator: Stefano Corrado
creator: Pierluigi Diotaiuti
subject: Psychiatry and Psychology
subject: Human-Computer Interaction
subject: Mental Health
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.18195
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2024 Mancone et al.
abstract: This study investigates the cognitive impacts of video game immersion and task interference on immediate and delayed recall as well as recognition tasks. We enrolled 160 subjects aged 18 to 29, who were regular players of “shoot-em-up” video games for at least 3 years. Participants were assigned to one of three experimental groups or a control group. The experimental conditions varied in the timing and type of tasks: the first group performed a video game session between recall tasks, the second group multitasked with video games and recall tasks simultaneously, and the third group engaged in task switching from video games to recall tasks. Using the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test, we measured the effects of these conditions on cognitive performance, focusing on error types and recall accuracy. Results indicated that multitasking and task switching significantly affected the subjects’ performance, with notable decrements in recall and recognition accuracy in conditions of high task interference. The study highlights the cognitive costs associated with multitasking in immersive digital games and provides insights into how task similarity and interference might increase error rates and affect memory performance.
bibliographic citation: Mancone et al. (2024) Effects of video game immersion and task interference on cognitive performance: a study on immediate and delayed recall and recognition accuracy. PeerJ 12:e18195 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.18195
date submitted: 2024-05-24
date accepted: 2024-09-09
issued: 2024-10-09
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Mancone
  given name: Stefania
author list: Agent
  family name: Tosti
  given name: Beatrice
author list: Agent
  family name: Corrado
  given name: Stefano
author list: Agent
  family name: Diotaiuti
  given name: Pierluigi
doi: 10.7717/peerj.18195
volume: 12
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2024-10-09
copyright: © 2024 Mancone et al.
attribution name: Mancone et al.

Integrating whole genome sequencing and machine learning for predicting antimicrobial resistance in critical pathogens: a systematic review of antimicrobial susceptibility tests
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Background Infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria pose a major challenge to modern healthcare. This systematic review evaluates the efficacy of machine learning (ML) approaches in predicting antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in critical pathogens (CP), considering Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST). Methods The search covered databases including PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, SCOPUS, and SCIELO, from their inception until June 2024. The review protocol was officially registered on PROSPERO (CRD42024543099). Results The review included 26 papers, analyzing data from 104,141 microbial samples. Random Forest (RF), XGBoost, and logistic regression (LR) emerged as the top-performing models, with mean Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic (AUC) values of 0.89, 0.87, and 0.87, respectively. RF showed superior performance with AUC values ranging from 0.66 to 0.97, while XGBoost and LR showed similar performance with AUC values ranging from 0.83 to 0.91 and 0.76 to 0.96, respectively. Most studies indicate that integrating WGS and AST data into ML models enhances predictive performance, improves antibiotic stewardship, and provides valuable clinical decision support. ML shows significant promise for predicting AMR by integrating WGS and AST data in CP. Standardized guidelines are needed to ensure consistency in future research.
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Carlos M. Ardila
creator: Pradeep K. Yadalam
creator: Daniel González-Arroyave
subject: Computational Biology
subject: Microbiology
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: Data Mining and Machine Learning
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.18213
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2024 Ardila et al.
abstract: Background Infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria pose a major challenge to modern healthcare. This systematic review evaluates the efficacy of machine learning (ML) approaches in predicting antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in critical pathogens (CP), considering Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST). Methods The search covered databases including PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, SCOPUS, and SCIELO, from their inception until June 2024. The review protocol was officially registered on PROSPERO (CRD42024543099). Results The review included 26 papers, analyzing data from 104,141 microbial samples. Random Forest (RF), XGBoost, and logistic regression (LR) emerged as the top-performing models, with mean Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic (AUC) values of 0.89, 0.87, and 0.87, respectively. RF showed superior performance with AUC values ranging from 0.66 to 0.97, while XGBoost and LR showed similar performance with AUC values ranging from 0.83 to 0.91 and 0.76 to 0.96, respectively. Most studies indicate that integrating WGS and AST data into ML models enhances predictive performance, improves antibiotic stewardship, and provides valuable clinical decision support. ML shows significant promise for predicting AMR by integrating WGS and AST data in CP. Standardized guidelines are needed to ensure consistency in future research.
bibliographic citation: Ardila et al. (2024) Integrating whole genome sequencing and machine learning for predicting antimicrobial resistance in critical pathogens: a systematic review of antimicrobial susceptibility tests. PeerJ 12:e18213 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.18213
date submitted: 2024-07-15
date accepted: 2024-09-11
issued: 2024-10-09
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Ardila
  given name: Carlos M.
author list: Agent
  family name: Yadalam
  given name: Pradeep K.
author list: Agent
  family name: González-Arroyave
  given name: Daniel
doi: 10.7717/peerj.18213
volume: 12
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2024-10-09
copyright: ©2024 Ardila et al.
attribution name: Ardila et al.

Pdk3’s role in RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation: insights from a bone marrow macrophage model
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Background Osteoporosis (OP) is a chronic disease characterized by decreased bone mass, loss of skeletal structural integrity and increased susceptibility to fracture. Available studies have shown that the pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK) family is associated with osteoclastogenesis and bone loss, but the specific role of Pdk3 in bone pathology has not been systematically investigated. Methods A cell OP model was established in receptor activator for nuclear factor-κB Ligand (RANKL)-induced bone marrow macrophages (BMMs). Hereafter, the expression levels of Pdk3 and osteoclastogenesis feature genes including nuclear factor of activated T cells 1 (Nfatc1), Cathepsin K (Ctsk), osteoclast associated Ig-like receptor (Oscar) in BMMs-derived osteoclasts were examined based on real-time quantitative PCR and western blotting methods. Further, the phosphorylation of ERK, P65 and JAK/STAT and their correlation was Pdk3 was gauged. In particular, changes in the activity of these signaling pathways were observed by silencing experiments of the Pdk3 gene (using small interfering RNA). Finally, the effects of Pdk3 gene silencing on signaling pathway activity, osteoclastogenesis, and related inflammatory and apoptotic indicators were observed by transfection with PDK3-specific siRNA. Results Following RANKL exposure, the levels of Pdk3 and osteoclastogenesis feature genes were all elevated, and a positive correlation between Pdk3 and osteoclastogenesis feature genes was seen. Meanwhile, ERK, P65 and JAK/STAT phosphorylation was increased by RANKL, and Pdk3 was confirmed to be positively correlated with the phosphorylation of ERK, P65 and JAK/STAT. Additionally, in RANKL-exposed osteoclasts, Pdk3 knockdown diminished the phosphorylation of ERK, P65 and JAK/STAT, reduced the expressions of osteoclastogenesis feature genes. Importantly, knockdown of Pdk3 also reduced the expression of inflammatory cytokines and resulted in elevated levels of Bax and Casp3 expression, as well as d…
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Nan Zhang
creator: Lingting Wang
creator: Xuxin Ye
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Orthopedics
subject: Sports Injury
subject: Sports Medicine
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.18222
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2024 Zhang et al.
abstract: Background Osteoporosis (OP) is a chronic disease characterized by decreased bone mass, loss of skeletal structural integrity and increased susceptibility to fracture. Available studies have shown that the pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK) family is associated with osteoclastogenesis and bone loss, but the specific role of Pdk3 in bone pathology has not been systematically investigated. Methods A cell OP model was established in receptor activator for nuclear factor-κB Ligand (RANKL)-induced bone marrow macrophages (BMMs). Hereafter, the expression levels of Pdk3 and osteoclastogenesis feature genes including nuclear factor of activated T cells 1 (Nfatc1), Cathepsin K (Ctsk), osteoclast associated Ig-like receptor (Oscar) in BMMs-derived osteoclasts were examined based on real-time quantitative PCR and western blotting methods. Further, the phosphorylation of ERK, P65 and JAK/STAT and their correlation was Pdk3 was gauged. In particular, changes in the activity of these signaling pathways were observed by silencing experiments of the Pdk3 gene (using small interfering RNA). Finally, the effects of Pdk3 gene silencing on signaling pathway activity, osteoclastogenesis, and related inflammatory and apoptotic indicators were observed by transfection with PDK3-specific siRNA. Results Following RANKL exposure, the levels of Pdk3 and osteoclastogenesis feature genes were all elevated, and a positive correlation between Pdk3 and osteoclastogenesis feature genes was seen. Meanwhile, ERK, P65 and JAK/STAT phosphorylation was increased by RANKL, and Pdk3 was confirmed to be positively correlated with the phosphorylation of ERK, P65 and JAK/STAT. Additionally, in RANKL-exposed osteoclasts, Pdk3 knockdown diminished the phosphorylation of ERK, P65 and JAK/STAT, reduced the expressions of osteoclastogenesis feature genes. Importantly, knockdown of Pdk3 also reduced the expression of inflammatory cytokines and resulted in elevated levels of Bax and Casp3 expression, as well as d…
bibliographic citation: Zhang et al. (2024) Pdk3’s role in RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation: insights from a bone marrow macrophage model. PeerJ 12:e18222 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.18222
date submitted: 2024-07-08
date accepted: 2024-09-12
issued: 2024-10-09
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Zhang
  given name: Nan
author list: Agent
  family name: Wang
  given name: Lingting
author list: Agent
  family name: Ye
  given name: Xuxin
doi: 10.7717/peerj.18222
volume: 12
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2024-10-09
copyright: ©2024 Zhang et al.
attribution name: Zhang et al.

The impact of three thioxothiazolidin compounds on trehalase activity and development of Spodoptera frugiperda larvae
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Trehalases (TREs), serving as crucial enzymes regulating trehalose and chitin metabolism in insects, represent prime targets for pest control strategies. We investigated the impact of three thioxothiazolidin compounds (1G, 2G, and 11G) on TRE activity and summarized their effects on the growth and development of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae). The experimental larvae of S. frugiperda were injected with the three thioxothiazolidin compounds (1G, 2G, and 11G), while the control group received an equivalent volume of 2% DMSO as a control. All three compounds had a strong effect on inhibiting TRE activity, significantly prolonging the pre-pupal development stage. However, compared with the 11G-treated group, the survival rate of larvae treated with 1G and 2G was significantly reduced by 31.11% and 27.78% respectively, while the occurrence of phenotypic abnormalities related to growth and development was higher. These results manifest that only the TRE inhibitors, 1G and 2G, modulate trehalose and chitin metabolism pathways of larvae, ultimately resulting in the failure molting and reduction of survival rates. Consequently, the thioxothiazolidin compounds, 1G and 2G, hold potential as environmentally friendly insecticides.
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Yan Wu
creator: Shangrong Hu
creator: Qixuan Mao
creator: Dongmei Shi
creator: Xiangyu Liu
creator: Busheng Liu
creator: Liyuhan Hua
creator: Gao Hu
creator: Can Li
creator: Hongxia Duan
creator: Bin Tang
subject: Agricultural Science
subject: Zoology
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.18233
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2024 Wu et al.
abstract: Trehalases (TREs), serving as crucial enzymes regulating trehalose and chitin metabolism in insects, represent prime targets for pest control strategies. We investigated the impact of three thioxothiazolidin compounds (1G, 2G, and 11G) on TRE activity and summarized their effects on the growth and development of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae). The experimental larvae of S. frugiperda were injected with the three thioxothiazolidin compounds (1G, 2G, and 11G), while the control group received an equivalent volume of 2% DMSO as a control. All three compounds had a strong effect on inhibiting TRE activity, significantly prolonging the pre-pupal development stage. However, compared with the 11G-treated group, the survival rate of larvae treated with 1G and 2G was significantly reduced by 31.11% and 27.78% respectively, while the occurrence of phenotypic abnormalities related to growth and development was higher. These results manifest that only the TRE inhibitors, 1G and 2G, modulate trehalose and chitin metabolism pathways of larvae, ultimately resulting in the failure molting and reduction of survival rates. Consequently, the thioxothiazolidin compounds, 1G and 2G, hold potential as environmentally friendly insecticides.
bibliographic citation: Wu et al. (2024) The impact of three thioxothiazolidin compounds on trehalase activity and development of Spodoptera frugiperda larvae. PeerJ 12:e18233 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.18233
date submitted: 2024-05-31
date accepted: 2024-09-13
issued: 2024-10-09
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Wu
  given name: Yan
author list: Agent
  family name: Hu
  given name: Shangrong
author list: Agent
  family name: Mao
  given name: Qixuan
author list: Agent
  family name: Shi
  given name: Dongmei
author list: Agent
  family name: Liu
  given name: Xiangyu
author list: Agent
  family name: Liu
  given name: Busheng
author list: Agent
  family name: Hua
  given name: Liyuhan
author list: Agent
  family name: Hu
  given name: Gao
author list: Agent
  family name: Li
  given name: Can
author list: Agent
  family name: Duan
  given name: Hongxia
author list: Agent
  family name: Tang
  given name: Bin
doi: 10.7717/peerj.18233
volume: 12
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2024-10-09
copyright: ©2024 Wu et al.
attribution name: Wu et al.

PeerJ
type: Periodical
uri: PeerJ
issn: 2167-8359