PeerJ
type: channel
link: https://peerj.com/articles/
description: Articles published in PeerJ
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
publication name: PeerJ
issn: 2167-8359
items: The characteristics and associations between trait and state time perspective in adolescents with depression: a questionnaire and sandplay study
items: Spatial patterns and driving factors of plant diversity along the urban–rural gradient in the context of urbanization in Zhengzhou, China
items: Association between risk factors and bone mineral density and the development of a self-assessment tool for early osteoporosis screening in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes
items: Demography and predatory potential of Orius strigicollis on eggs of Plutella xylostella at two temperatures
items: Comparative cytogenetics of three Zoraptera species as a basis for understanding chromosomal evolution in Polyneoptera insects
items: Extraction and characterization of collagen and gelatin from body wall of sea cucumbers Stichopus horrens and Holothuria arenicola
items: Spring haul-out behavior of seals in the Bering and Chukchi Seas: implications for abundance estimation
items: Study on mid-term outcomes of atherectomy for patients with femoral popliteal artery lesions with different Global Limb Anatomic Staging System grades
items: Knowledge, attitude and purchasing behavior of Saudi mothers towards food additives and dietary pattern of preschool children
items: Parental thermal conditions affect the brain activity response to alarm cue in larval zebrafish

The characteristics and associations between trait and state time perspective in adolescents with depression: a questionnaire and sandplay study
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Background Time perspective is strongly associated with depression. However, the characteristics and associations between trait and state time perspective in adolescents with depression remain unknown. Methods A total of 211 adolescents with depression (mean age: 14.60 ± 1.69 years) and 215 healthy controls (mean age: 14.66 ± 1.73 years) were selected and assessed using the Chinese version of the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory to quantify their trait time perspective. Thirty adolescents were randomly selected from each group to create nine-grid sandplay productions to assess their state time perspective. Results (1) Regarding the trait time perspective, depressed adolescents scored significantly higher on past negative, present fatalistic, present impulsive, and deviation-balanced time perspective (p < 0.001) and significantly lower on past positive and future (p < 0.05) compared to the control group. (2) In terms of state time perspective, depressed adolescents showed a significantly higher number of squares related to past negative, present negative, and future negative in their nine-grid sandplay productions compared to the control group (p < 0.01).Conversely, they had significantly fewer squares associated with past positive, present positive, future positive than the control group (p < 0.05). (3) Past negative, present fatalistic, and deviation from balanced time perspective traits were negatively correlated with positive state time perspective and positively correlated with negative state time perspective. Past positive and future traits were positively correlated with positive state time perspective and negatively correlated with negative state time perspective. Conclusion Adolescents with depression are characterized by dwelling on the past, having a severely negative attitude toward the past, being pessimistic about the future, and having a tendency to blame fate or external forces for their problems. In the future, standardized methods for measuring s…
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Hanlin Ren
creator: Qing Zhang
creator: Donghuan Rong
creator: Yating Zhang
creator: Yanzhen Ren
creator: Xiaobao Li
subject: Psychiatry and Psychology
subject: Mental Health
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.18257
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2024 Ren et al.
abstract: Background Time perspective is strongly associated with depression. However, the characteristics and associations between trait and state time perspective in adolescents with depression remain unknown. Methods A total of 211 adolescents with depression (mean age: 14.60 ± 1.69 years) and 215 healthy controls (mean age: 14.66 ± 1.73 years) were selected and assessed using the Chinese version of the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory to quantify their trait time perspective. Thirty adolescents were randomly selected from each group to create nine-grid sandplay productions to assess their state time perspective. Results (1) Regarding the trait time perspective, depressed adolescents scored significantly higher on past negative, present fatalistic, present impulsive, and deviation-balanced time perspective (p < 0.001) and significantly lower on past positive and future (p < 0.05) compared to the control group. (2) In terms of state time perspective, depressed adolescents showed a significantly higher number of squares related to past negative, present negative, and future negative in their nine-grid sandplay productions compared to the control group (p < 0.01).Conversely, they had significantly fewer squares associated with past positive, present positive, future positive than the control group (p < 0.05). (3) Past negative, present fatalistic, and deviation from balanced time perspective traits were negatively correlated with positive state time perspective and positively correlated with negative state time perspective. Past positive and future traits were positively correlated with positive state time perspective and negatively correlated with negative state time perspective. Conclusion Adolescents with depression are characterized by dwelling on the past, having a severely negative attitude toward the past, being pessimistic about the future, and having a tendency to blame fate or external forces for their problems. In the future, standardized methods for measuring s…
bibliographic citation: Ren et al. (2024) The characteristics and associations between trait and state time perspective in adolescents with depression: a questionnaire and sandplay study. PeerJ 12:e18257 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.18257
date submitted: 2024-06-03
date accepted: 2024-09-17
issued: 2024-10-11
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Ren
  given name: Hanlin
author list: Agent
  family name: Zhang
  given name: Qing
author list: Agent
  family name: Rong
  given name: Donghuan
author list: Agent
  family name: Zhang
  given name: Yating
author list: Agent
  family name: Ren
  given name: Yanzhen
author list: Agent
  family name: Li
  given name: Xiaobao
doi: 10.7717/peerj.18257
volume: 12
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2024-10-11
copyright: © 2024 Ren et al.
attribution name: Ren et al.

Spatial patterns and driving factors of plant diversity along the urban–rural gradient in the context of urbanization in Zhengzhou, China
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Plant diversity is the basis for human survival and development, directly affecting the function and stability of urban ecosystems. Its distribution pattern and causes have been a central issue in ecological and landscape gardening research. Rapid urbanization in Zhengzhou City has led to the fragmentation of urban green spaces and damage to ecosystems, seriously affecting urban biodiversity conservation. Understanding the distribution pattern of plant diversity in the region and its relationship with environmental factors is crucial for maintaining and enhancing urban plant diversity. Plant data from 178 sample plots in the built-up area of Zhengzhou City were collected and combined with environmental factors, and the characteristics of plant diversity, richness patterns, and their main environmental explanations in Zhengzhou City were explored. Results showed that there were 596 plant species belonging to 357 genera and 110 families in the study area. There were five dominant families and four dominant genera. Four distinct spatial patterns of plant diversity were identified along the urban–rural gradient. Urbanization factors such as GDP per capita, house prices, and imperviousness within 500 m from the patch significantly influenced plant diversity. There was an imbalance between the spatial pattern of plant diversity and application of urban landscape greening in Zhengzhou City. Future studies should focus on the application of native plants, curb plant homogenization, and reduce anthropogenic interference, which are conducive to protecting and enhancing urban plant diversity. These results can provide a basis for understanding the distribution pattern and influence mechanism of urbanization factors on plant diversity and serve as a reference for policymakers and planners of plant diversity conservation in Zhengzhou City.
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Lingling Zhang
creator: Chong Du
creator: Wenhan Li
creator: Yongjiang Liu
creator: Ge Zhang
creator: Shanshan Xie
creator: Yiping Liu
creator: Dezheng Kong
subject: Biodiversity
subject: Ecology
subject: Plant Science
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.18261
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2024 Zhang et al.
abstract: Plant diversity is the basis for human survival and development, directly affecting the function and stability of urban ecosystems. Its distribution pattern and causes have been a central issue in ecological and landscape gardening research. Rapid urbanization in Zhengzhou City has led to the fragmentation of urban green spaces and damage to ecosystems, seriously affecting urban biodiversity conservation. Understanding the distribution pattern of plant diversity in the region and its relationship with environmental factors is crucial for maintaining and enhancing urban plant diversity. Plant data from 178 sample plots in the built-up area of Zhengzhou City were collected and combined with environmental factors, and the characteristics of plant diversity, richness patterns, and their main environmental explanations in Zhengzhou City were explored. Results showed that there were 596 plant species belonging to 357 genera and 110 families in the study area. There were five dominant families and four dominant genera. Four distinct spatial patterns of plant diversity were identified along the urban–rural gradient. Urbanization factors such as GDP per capita, house prices, and imperviousness within 500 m from the patch significantly influenced plant diversity. There was an imbalance between the spatial pattern of plant diversity and application of urban landscape greening in Zhengzhou City. Future studies should focus on the application of native plants, curb plant homogenization, and reduce anthropogenic interference, which are conducive to protecting and enhancing urban plant diversity. These results can provide a basis for understanding the distribution pattern and influence mechanism of urbanization factors on plant diversity and serve as a reference for policymakers and planners of plant diversity conservation in Zhengzhou City.
bibliographic citation: Zhang et al. (2024) Spatial patterns and driving factors of plant diversity along the urban–rural gradient in the context of urbanization in Zhengzhou, China. PeerJ 12:e18261 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.18261
date submitted: 2024-05-31
date accepted: 2024-09-17
issued: 2024-10-11
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Zhang
  given name: Lingling
author list: Agent
  family name: Du
  given name: Chong
author list: Agent
  family name: Li
  given name: Wenhan
author list: Agent
  family name: Liu
  given name: Yongjiang
author list: Agent
  family name: Zhang
  given name: Ge
author list: Agent
  family name: Xie
  given name: Shanshan
author list: Agent
  family name: Liu
  given name: Yiping
author list: Agent
  family name: Kong
  given name: Dezheng
doi: 10.7717/peerj.18261
volume: 12
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2024-10-11
copyright: © 2024 Zhang et al.
attribution name: Zhang et al.

Association between risk factors and bone mineral density and the development of a self-assessment tool for early osteoporosis screening in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Background Both diabetes and osteoporosis have developed into major global public health problems due to the increasing aging population. It is crucial to screen populations at higher risk of developing osteoporosis for disease prevention and management in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes (T2D). This study aims to quantitatively investigate the association between risk factors and bone mineral density (BMD) and develop a self-assessment tool for early osteoporosis screening in postmenopausal women with T2D. Methods We retrospectively enrolled 1,309 postmenopausal women with T2D. Linear regression methods were used to assess the association between risk factors and BMD. Additionally, a multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify independent risk factors associated with osteoporosis. Utilizing the logistic regression machine learning algorithm, we developed an osteoporosis screening tool that categorizes the population into three risk regions based on age and body mass index (BMI), indicating low, moderate, and high prevalence of osteoporosis in the age-BMI plane. Results Older age and lower BMI were independently associated with decreased BMD. The BMD at the total hip, femur neck, and lumbar spine differed by 12.9, 10.9, and 15.5 mg/cm2 for each 1 unit increase in BMI, respectively. Both age and BMI were identified as independent predictors of osteoporosis. The osteoporosis screening tool was developed by using two straight lines with equations of BMI = 0.56 * age−4.12 and BMI = 0.56 * age−10.88; there were no significant differences in the prevalence of osteoporosis among the training, internal test, and external test datasets in the low-, moderate-, and high-risk regions. Conclusion We have successfully developed and validated a self-assessment tool for early osteoporosis screening in postmenopausal women with T2D for the first time. BMI was identified as a significant modifiable risk factor. Our study may improve awareness of osteo…
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Xiaoyu Chen
creator: Xiufen Jia
creator: Junping Lan
creator: Wenjun Wu
creator: Xianwu Ni
creator: Yuguo Wei
creator: Xiangwu Zheng
creator: Jinjin Liu
subject: Diabetes and Endocrinology
subject: Global Health
subject: Orthopedics
subject: Radiology and Medical Imaging
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.18283
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2024 Chen et al.
abstract: Background Both diabetes and osteoporosis have developed into major global public health problems due to the increasing aging population. It is crucial to screen populations at higher risk of developing osteoporosis for disease prevention and management in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes (T2D). This study aims to quantitatively investigate the association between risk factors and bone mineral density (BMD) and develop a self-assessment tool for early osteoporosis screening in postmenopausal women with T2D. Methods We retrospectively enrolled 1,309 postmenopausal women with T2D. Linear regression methods were used to assess the association between risk factors and BMD. Additionally, a multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify independent risk factors associated with osteoporosis. Utilizing the logistic regression machine learning algorithm, we developed an osteoporosis screening tool that categorizes the population into three risk regions based on age and body mass index (BMI), indicating low, moderate, and high prevalence of osteoporosis in the age-BMI plane. Results Older age and lower BMI were independently associated with decreased BMD. The BMD at the total hip, femur neck, and lumbar spine differed by 12.9, 10.9, and 15.5 mg/cm2 for each 1 unit increase in BMI, respectively. Both age and BMI were identified as independent predictors of osteoporosis. The osteoporosis screening tool was developed by using two straight lines with equations of BMI = 0.56 * age−4.12 and BMI = 0.56 * age−10.88; there were no significant differences in the prevalence of osteoporosis among the training, internal test, and external test datasets in the low-, moderate-, and high-risk regions. Conclusion We have successfully developed and validated a self-assessment tool for early osteoporosis screening in postmenopausal women with T2D for the first time. BMI was identified as a significant modifiable risk factor. Our study may improve awareness of osteo…
bibliographic citation: Chen et al. (2024) Association between risk factors and bone mineral density and the development of a self-assessment tool for early osteoporosis screening in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes. PeerJ 12:e18283 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.18283
date submitted: 2024-06-10
date accepted: 2024-09-19
issued: 2024-10-11
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Chen
  given name: Xiaoyu
author list: Agent
  family name: Jia
  given name: Xiufen
author list: Agent
  family name: Lan
  given name: Junping
author list: Agent
  family name: Wu
  given name: Wenjun
author list: Agent
  family name: Ni
  given name: Xianwu
author list: Agent
  family name: Wei
  given name: Yuguo
author list: Agent
  family name: Zheng
  given name: Xiangwu
author list: Agent
  family name: Liu
  given name: Jinjin
doi: 10.7717/peerj.18283
volume: 12
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2024-10-11
copyright: © 2024 Chen et al.
attribution name: Chen et al.

Demography and predatory potential of Orius strigicollis on eggs of Plutella xylostella at two temperatures
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Background The polyphagous predatory bug Orius strigicollis Poppius (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae) is an active predator used to control many insect pests of agricultural crops. Orius species are significantly affected by the type of food and temperature. Method A study of O. strigicollis feeding on Plutella xylostella L. (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) eggs in climate chambers at 28 and 32 °C, 70 ± 5% relative humidity, 16:8 photoperiod, was conducted to determine the effects of different temperatures on the predation activity, biological characteristics and demographic parameters of O. strigicollis. Twosex-MS Charts were used to determine the age-stages and characteristics of this species. Results The results showed that the daily consumption of pre-adults on eggs of P. xylostella was highest at 28 °C, and at this temperature, there was a greater probability that O. strigicollis would survive to adulthood (42.5%) than at 32 °C (25.0%). It has also been found that at 28 °C there was a long oviposition period (9.38 days) and the greatest female fecundity (44.2 eggs/female) In addition to the highest life expectancy of O. strigicollis (16.96 days) at 28 °C, the intrinsic rate of increase (0.087 d−1) was also highest. According to our results, O. strigicollis has the potential to grow and develop on the eggs of P. xylostella at 28 °C and, therefore, could potentially be used as a biological control agent in integrated pest management (IPM) programs.
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Shakeel Ur Rehman
creator: Xingfu Jiang
creator: Mahnoor Saleem
creator: Xingmiao Zhou
creator: Bangqing Chen
creator: Khalid Ali Khan
creator: Ibrahim Osman Ibrahim
creator: Hamed A. Ghramh
subject: Agricultural Science
subject: Ecology
subject: Entomology
subject: Zoology
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.18044
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2024 Ur Rehman et al.
abstract: Background The polyphagous predatory bug Orius strigicollis Poppius (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae) is an active predator used to control many insect pests of agricultural crops. Orius species are significantly affected by the type of food and temperature. Method A study of O. strigicollis feeding on Plutella xylostella L. (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) eggs in climate chambers at 28 and 32 °C, 70 ± 5% relative humidity, 16:8 photoperiod, was conducted to determine the effects of different temperatures on the predation activity, biological characteristics and demographic parameters of O. strigicollis. Twosex-MS Charts were used to determine the age-stages and characteristics of this species. Results The results showed that the daily consumption of pre-adults on eggs of P. xylostella was highest at 28 °C, and at this temperature, there was a greater probability that O. strigicollis would survive to adulthood (42.5%) than at 32 °C (25.0%). It has also been found that at 28 °C there was a long oviposition period (9.38 days) and the greatest female fecundity (44.2 eggs/female) In addition to the highest life expectancy of O. strigicollis (16.96 days) at 28 °C, the intrinsic rate of increase (0.087 d−1) was also highest. According to our results, O. strigicollis has the potential to grow and develop on the eggs of P. xylostella at 28 °C and, therefore, could potentially be used as a biological control agent in integrated pest management (IPM) programs.
bibliographic citation: Ur Rehman et al. (2024) Demography and predatory potential of Orius strigicollis on eggs of Plutella xylostella at two temperatures. PeerJ 12:e18044 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.18044
date submitted: 2024-06-05
date accepted: 2024-08-14
issued: 2024-10-10
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Ur Rehman
  given name: Shakeel
author list: Agent
  family name: Jiang
  given name: Xingfu
author list: Agent
  family name: Saleem
  given name: Mahnoor
author list: Agent
  family name: Zhou
  given name: Xingmiao
author list: Agent
  family name: Chen
  given name: Bangqing
author list: Agent
  family name: Khan
  given name: Khalid Ali
author list: Agent
  family name: Ibrahim
  given name: Ibrahim Osman
author list: Agent
  family name: Ghramh
  given name: Hamed A.
doi: 10.7717/peerj.18044
volume: 12
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2024-10-10
copyright: ©2024 Ur Rehman et al.
attribution name: Ur Rehman et al.

Comparative cytogenetics of three Zoraptera species as a basis for understanding chromosomal evolution in Polyneoptera insects
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Zoraptera (also called “angel insects”) is one of the most unexplored insect orders. However, it holds promise for understanding the evolution of insect karyotypes and genome organization given its status as an early branching group of Polyneoptera and Pterygota (winged insects) during the Paleozoic. Here, we provide karyotype descriptions of three Zorapteran species: Brazilozoros huxleyi (2n♂; ♀ = 42; 42), B. kukalovae (2n♂; ♀ = 43; 44) and Latinozoros cacaoensis (2n♂; ♀ = 36; 36). These species represent two of the four recently recognized Zorapteran subfamilies. Contrary to an earlier suggestion that Zoraptera has holocentric chromosomes, we found karyotypes that were always monocentric. Interestingly, we detected both X0 (B. kukalovae) and XY (B. huxleyi, L. cacaoensis) sex chromosome systems. In addition to conventional karyotype descriptions, we applied fluorescent in situ hybridization for the first time in Zoraptera to map karyotype distributions of 18S rDNA, histone H3 genes, telomeres and (CAG)n and (GATA)n microsatellites. This study provides a foundation for cytogenetic research in Zoraptera.
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Marek Jankásek
creator: Petr Kočárek
creator: František Št’áhlavský
subject: Entomology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Zoology
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.18051
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2024 Jankásek et al.
abstract: Zoraptera (also called “angel insects”) is one of the most unexplored insect orders. However, it holds promise for understanding the evolution of insect karyotypes and genome organization given its status as an early branching group of Polyneoptera and Pterygota (winged insects) during the Paleozoic. Here, we provide karyotype descriptions of three Zorapteran species: Brazilozoros huxleyi (2n♂; ♀ = 42; 42), B. kukalovae (2n♂; ♀ = 43; 44) and Latinozoros cacaoensis (2n♂; ♀ = 36; 36). These species represent two of the four recently recognized Zorapteran subfamilies. Contrary to an earlier suggestion that Zoraptera has holocentric chromosomes, we found karyotypes that were always monocentric. Interestingly, we detected both X0 (B. kukalovae) and XY (B. huxleyi, L. cacaoensis) sex chromosome systems. In addition to conventional karyotype descriptions, we applied fluorescent in situ hybridization for the first time in Zoraptera to map karyotype distributions of 18S rDNA, histone H3 genes, telomeres and (CAG)n and (GATA)n microsatellites. This study provides a foundation for cytogenetic research in Zoraptera.
bibliographic citation: Jankásek et al. (2024) Comparative cytogenetics of three Zoraptera species as a basis for understanding chromosomal evolution in Polyneoptera insects. PeerJ 12:e18051 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.18051
date submitted: 2024-03-28
date accepted: 2024-08-16
issued: 2024-10-10
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Jankásek
  given name: Marek
author list: Agent
  family name: Kočárek
  given name: Petr
author list: Agent
  family name: Št’áhlavský
  given name: František
doi: 10.7717/peerj.18051
volume: 12
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2024-10-10
copyright: ©2024 Jankásek et al.
attribution name: Jankásek et al.

Extraction and characterization of collagen and gelatin from body wall of sea cucumbers Stichopus horrens and Holothuria arenicola
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Background Marine invertebrates, including sponges, molluscs, jellyfish, mussels, and sea cucumbers, are abundant sources of high-quality collagen and offer advantages such as availability, ease of processing, lower inflammatory response, and good metabolic compatibility. Approximately 70% of the total protein in the body wall of sea cucumbers is collagen. Gelatin is a water-soluble protein produced from heat-denatured collagen and has various industrial applications. Methods Pepsin-solubilized collagen was extracted from the body wall of two sea cucumber Stichopus horrens and Holothuria arenicola, species found in the Oman Sea and characterized with SDS-PAGE and amino acid composition. Then gelatin was extracted from pepsin-solubilized collagen of S. horrens and some rheological properties were measured. Results Amino acid composition and SDS-PAGE analysis showed that the collagen from both species was type I, with one α1 chain and β chains, with molecular weights of 125 and 250 kDa, respectively. Glycine was the most abundant amino acid in the collagen from both sea cucumber species. The pepsin-soluble collagens from both species had high levels of glycine, proline, alanine, glutamic acid, and hydroxyproline. The gelatin from S. horrens had a melting point of 30 °C and displayed exceptional thermal stability, surpassing that of mammalian gelatin. Its gelling point was 5 °C, like that of cold-water fish gelatin, with a viscosity of 2.065 cp-lower than mammal gelatins. These findings suggested that collagen and gelatin from sea cucumbers could be useful in nutraceutical, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries.
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Noora Barzkar
creator: Gilan Attaran-Fariman
creator: Ali Taheri
creator: Balu Alagar Venmathi Maran
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Food Science and Technology
subject: Marine Biology
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.18149
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2024 Barzkar et al.
abstract: Background Marine invertebrates, including sponges, molluscs, jellyfish, mussels, and sea cucumbers, are abundant sources of high-quality collagen and offer advantages such as availability, ease of processing, lower inflammatory response, and good metabolic compatibility. Approximately 70% of the total protein in the body wall of sea cucumbers is collagen. Gelatin is a water-soluble protein produced from heat-denatured collagen and has various industrial applications. Methods Pepsin-solubilized collagen was extracted from the body wall of two sea cucumber Stichopus horrens and Holothuria arenicola, species found in the Oman Sea and characterized with SDS-PAGE and amino acid composition. Then gelatin was extracted from pepsin-solubilized collagen of S. horrens and some rheological properties were measured. Results Amino acid composition and SDS-PAGE analysis showed that the collagen from both species was type I, with one α1 chain and β chains, with molecular weights of 125 and 250 kDa, respectively. Glycine was the most abundant amino acid in the collagen from both sea cucumber species. The pepsin-soluble collagens from both species had high levels of glycine, proline, alanine, glutamic acid, and hydroxyproline. The gelatin from S. horrens had a melting point of 30 °C and displayed exceptional thermal stability, surpassing that of mammalian gelatin. Its gelling point was 5 °C, like that of cold-water fish gelatin, with a viscosity of 2.065 cp-lower than mammal gelatins. These findings suggested that collagen and gelatin from sea cucumbers could be useful in nutraceutical, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries.
bibliographic citation: Barzkar et al. (2024) Extraction and characterization of collagen and gelatin from body wall of sea cucumbers Stichopus horrens and Holothuria arenicola. PeerJ 12:e18149 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.18149
date submitted: 2024-05-27
date accepted: 2024-08-31
issued: 2024-10-10
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Barzkar
  given name: Noora
author list: Agent
  family name: Attaran-Fariman
  given name: Gilan
author list: Agent
  family name: Taheri
  given name: Ali
author list: Agent
  family name: Venmathi Maran
  given name: Balu Alagar
doi: 10.7717/peerj.18149
volume: 12
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2024-10-10
copyright: © 2024 Barzkar et al.
attribution name: Barzkar et al.

Spring haul-out behavior of seals in the Bering and Chukchi Seas: implications for abundance estimation
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Ice-associated seals rely on sea ice for a variety of activities, including pupping, breeding, molting, and resting. In the Arctic, many of these activities occur in spring (April through June) as sea ice begins to melt and retreat northward. Rapid acceleration of climate change in Arctic ecosystems is therefore of concern as the quantity and quality of suitable habitat is forecast to decrease. Robust estimates of seal population abundance are needed to properly monitor the impacts of these changes over time. Aerial surveys of seals on ice are an efficient method for counting seals but must be paired with estimates of the proportion of seals out of the water to derive population abundance. In this paper, we use hourly percent-dry data from satellite-linked bio-loggers deployed between 2005 and 2021 to quantify the proportion of seals hauled out on ice. This information is needed to accurately estimate abundance from aerial survey counts of ice-associated seals (i.e., to correct for the proportion of animals that are in the water, and so are not counted, while surveys are conducted). In addition to providing essential data for survey ‘availability’ calculations, our analysis also provides insights into the seasonal timing and environmental factors affecting haul-out behavior by ice-associated seals. We specifically focused on bearded (Erignathus barbatus), ribbon (Histriophoca fasciata), and spotted seals (Phoca largha) in the Bering and Chukchi seas. Because ringed seals (Phoca (pusa) hispida) can be out of the water but hidden from view in snow lairs analysis of their ‘availability’ to surveys requires special consideration; therefore, they were not included in this analysis. Using generalized linear mixed pseudo-models to properly account for temporal autocorrelation, we fit models with covariates of interest (e.g., day-of-year, solar hour, age and sex class, wind speed, barometric pressure, temperature, precipitation) to examine their ability to explain variation…
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Josh M. London
creator: Paul B. Conn
creator: Stacie M. Koslovsky
creator: Erin L. Richmond
creator: Jay M. Ver Hoef
creator: Michael F. Cameron
creator: Justin A. Crawford
creator: Andrew L. Von Duyke
creator: Lori Quakenbush
creator: Peter L. Boveng
subject: Animal Behavior
subject: Ecology
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Zoology
subject: Climate Change Biology
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.18160
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2024 London et al.
abstract: Ice-associated seals rely on sea ice for a variety of activities, including pupping, breeding, molting, and resting. In the Arctic, many of these activities occur in spring (April through June) as sea ice begins to melt and retreat northward. Rapid acceleration of climate change in Arctic ecosystems is therefore of concern as the quantity and quality of suitable habitat is forecast to decrease. Robust estimates of seal population abundance are needed to properly monitor the impacts of these changes over time. Aerial surveys of seals on ice are an efficient method for counting seals but must be paired with estimates of the proportion of seals out of the water to derive population abundance. In this paper, we use hourly percent-dry data from satellite-linked bio-loggers deployed between 2005 and 2021 to quantify the proportion of seals hauled out on ice. This information is needed to accurately estimate abundance from aerial survey counts of ice-associated seals (i.e., to correct for the proportion of animals that are in the water, and so are not counted, while surveys are conducted). In addition to providing essential data for survey ‘availability’ calculations, our analysis also provides insights into the seasonal timing and environmental factors affecting haul-out behavior by ice-associated seals. We specifically focused on bearded (Erignathus barbatus), ribbon (Histriophoca fasciata), and spotted seals (Phoca largha) in the Bering and Chukchi seas. Because ringed seals (Phoca (pusa) hispida) can be out of the water but hidden from view in snow lairs analysis of their ‘availability’ to surveys requires special consideration; therefore, they were not included in this analysis. Using generalized linear mixed pseudo-models to properly account for temporal autocorrelation, we fit models with covariates of interest (e.g., day-of-year, solar hour, age and sex class, wind speed, barometric pressure, temperature, precipitation) to examine their ability to explain variation…
bibliographic citation: London et al. (2024) Spring haul-out behavior of seals in the Bering and Chukchi Seas: implications for abundance estimation. PeerJ 12:e18160 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.18160
date submitted: 2022-05-09
date accepted: 2024-09-02
issued: 2024-10-10
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: London
  given name: Josh M.
author list: Agent
  family name: Conn
  given name: Paul B.
author list: Agent
  family name: Koslovsky
  given name: Stacie M.
author list: Agent
  family name: Richmond
  given name: Erin L.
author list: Agent
  family name: Ver Hoef
  given name: Jay M.
author list: Agent
  family name: Cameron
  given name: Michael F.
author list: Agent
  family name: Crawford
  given name: Justin A.
author list: Agent
  family name: Von Duyke
  given name: Andrew L.
author list: Agent
  family name: Quakenbush
  given name: Lori
author list: Agent
  family name: Boveng
  given name: Peter L.
doi: 10.7717/peerj.18160
volume: 12
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2024-10-10
copyright: ©2024 London et al.
attribution name: London et al.

Study on mid-term outcomes of atherectomy for patients with femoral popliteal artery lesions with different Global Limb Anatomic Staging System grades
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Objective To investigate the mid-term efficacy and patency rate of TurboHawk peripheral plaque excision system in the treatment of femoral popliteal artery lesions with different Global Limb Anatomic Staging System (GLASS) grades. Methods The clinical data of 141 patients with femoral popliteal arteriosclerosis obliterans who were treated with TurboHawk from January 2018 to July 2022 in our institution were retrospectively analyzed. There were 109 male patients and 32 female patients. Recordings were made of the patient’s symptoms of limb ischemia, technical success rate, primary patency rate of target vessels, ankle brachial index (ABI), GLASS grades, postoperative complications, and a statistical analysis with the patient’s preoperative treatment was conducted. Results All patients had improved limb ischemia symptoms to varying degrees after surgery, with a technical success rate of 100% (femoral artery puncture and superficial femoral artery recanalization) without bleeding, hematoma, pseudoaneurysm, arteriovenous fistula or other complications. The follow-up period was 1-24 months, during which the severity of claudication, resting pain, and toe ulcers significantly improved. The primary patency rate of the target vessel was 98.58% (139/141), and the ABI significantly increased on the second day, three months, and six months after surgery compared to before surgery. No major adverse events were found during follow-up. The patency rates at 1, 6, 12 and 24 months after intervention were 100%, 80%, 75% and 60% respectively. Conclusion The mid-term efficacy and patency rate of TurboHawk in the treatment of femoral popliteal artery lesions with GLASS I patients have the best mid-term prognosis, the highest mid-term survival rate, and the highest vascular patency. The plaque removal system has proven to be an effective treatment for individual localized chronic total occlusion lesions. Additionally, the TurboHawk system provides a safe and minimally invasive treatment…
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Yanyu Yue
creator: Youjia Zhang
creator: Liang Zhang
creator: Zheng Gao
creator: Xiaolong Du
creator: Feng Ran
subject: Cardiology
subject: Radiology and Medical Imaging
subject: Surgery and Surgical Specialties
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.18189
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2024 Yue et al.
abstract: Objective To investigate the mid-term efficacy and patency rate of TurboHawk peripheral plaque excision system in the treatment of femoral popliteal artery lesions with different Global Limb Anatomic Staging System (GLASS) grades. Methods The clinical data of 141 patients with femoral popliteal arteriosclerosis obliterans who were treated with TurboHawk from January 2018 to July 2022 in our institution were retrospectively analyzed. There were 109 male patients and 32 female patients. Recordings were made of the patient’s symptoms of limb ischemia, technical success rate, primary patency rate of target vessels, ankle brachial index (ABI), GLASS grades, postoperative complications, and a statistical analysis with the patient’s preoperative treatment was conducted. Results All patients had improved limb ischemia symptoms to varying degrees after surgery, with a technical success rate of 100% (femoral artery puncture and superficial femoral artery recanalization) without bleeding, hematoma, pseudoaneurysm, arteriovenous fistula or other complications. The follow-up period was 1-24 months, during which the severity of claudication, resting pain, and toe ulcers significantly improved. The primary patency rate of the target vessel was 98.58% (139/141), and the ABI significantly increased on the second day, three months, and six months after surgery compared to before surgery. No major adverse events were found during follow-up. The patency rates at 1, 6, 12 and 24 months after intervention were 100%, 80%, 75% and 60% respectively. Conclusion The mid-term efficacy and patency rate of TurboHawk in the treatment of femoral popliteal artery lesions with GLASS I patients have the best mid-term prognosis, the highest mid-term survival rate, and the highest vascular patency. The plaque removal system has proven to be an effective treatment for individual localized chronic total occlusion lesions. Additionally, the TurboHawk system provides a safe and minimally invasive treatment…
bibliographic citation: Yue et al. (2024) Study on mid-term outcomes of atherectomy for patients with femoral popliteal artery lesions with different Global Limb Anatomic Staging System grades. PeerJ 12:e18189 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.18189
date submitted: 2023-12-27
date accepted: 2024-09-06
issued: 2024-10-10
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Yue
  given name: Yanyu
author list: Agent
  family name: Zhang
  given name: Youjia
author list: Agent
  family name: Zhang
  given name: Liang
author list: Agent
  family name: Gao
  given name: Zheng
author list: Agent
  family name: Du
  given name: Xiaolong
author list: Agent
  family name: Ran
  given name: Feng
doi: 10.7717/peerj.18189
volume: 12
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2024-10-10
copyright: ©2024 Yue et al.
attribution name: Yue et al.

Knowledge, attitude and purchasing behavior of Saudi mothers towards food additives and dietary pattern of preschool children
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Background There are over 506 children’s products containing one or more types of additives. Maternal awareness of these additives is essential for the health of preschool-aged children, as this period is vital for children’s growth and development. This study aims to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and purchasing behaviors related to food additives among mothers living in the western region of Saudi Arabia, as well as the dietary patterns of preschool children. Method A cross-sectional study was conducted using an online survey with a convenience sample of 521 mothers of preschool-aged children (3–5 years old). The survey gathered data on the child’s age, number of children, the youngest child’s weight and height, food intolerance, tooth decay, as well as the dietary patterns of preschool children. It also assessed the mother’s knowledge, attitude, and purchasing behaviors related to food additives. Results The study found that 46.6% of mothers demonstrated good knowledge of food additives, while 56.0% demonstrated fair attitudes and 78.5% good purchasing behavior regarding additives. Additionally, the majority of mothers reported favorable dietary patterns for their preschool-aged children. “Biscuits and crackers” had the highest consumption frequency (4.98 ± 1.50), with 36.7% of children consuming them once daily, while “Soft beverages” had the lowest consumption frequency (2.73 ± 2.04), with 46.6% of children never consuming them. Statistically significant differences were identified between mothers’ knowledge and their age, education level, occupation status, and economic status (p < 0.05). ANOVA results also indicated a statistically significant difference between mothers’ attitudes and occupation status (p < 0.05). Furthermore, there were significant positive correlations between mothers’ knowledge of food additives and their attitudes (r = 0.293) and purchasing behaviors (r = 0.284) related to additives. Conclusion The findings suggest that mothers possess …
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Reem H. Almoabadi
creator: Mahitab A. Hanbazaza
subject: Nutrition
subject: Public Health
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.18223
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2024 Almoabadi and Hanbazaza
abstract: Background There are over 506 children’s products containing one or more types of additives. Maternal awareness of these additives is essential for the health of preschool-aged children, as this period is vital for children’s growth and development. This study aims to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and purchasing behaviors related to food additives among mothers living in the western region of Saudi Arabia, as well as the dietary patterns of preschool children. Method A cross-sectional study was conducted using an online survey with a convenience sample of 521 mothers of preschool-aged children (3–5 years old). The survey gathered data on the child’s age, number of children, the youngest child’s weight and height, food intolerance, tooth decay, as well as the dietary patterns of preschool children. It also assessed the mother’s knowledge, attitude, and purchasing behaviors related to food additives. Results The study found that 46.6% of mothers demonstrated good knowledge of food additives, while 56.0% demonstrated fair attitudes and 78.5% good purchasing behavior regarding additives. Additionally, the majority of mothers reported favorable dietary patterns for their preschool-aged children. “Biscuits and crackers” had the highest consumption frequency (4.98 ± 1.50), with 36.7% of children consuming them once daily, while “Soft beverages” had the lowest consumption frequency (2.73 ± 2.04), with 46.6% of children never consuming them. Statistically significant differences were identified between mothers’ knowledge and their age, education level, occupation status, and economic status (p < 0.05). ANOVA results also indicated a statistically significant difference between mothers’ attitudes and occupation status (p < 0.05). Furthermore, there were significant positive correlations between mothers’ knowledge of food additives and their attitudes (r = 0.293) and purchasing behaviors (r = 0.284) related to additives. Conclusion The findings suggest that mothers possess …
bibliographic citation: Almoabadi et al. (2024) Knowledge, attitude and purchasing behavior of Saudi mothers towards food additives and dietary pattern of preschool children. PeerJ 12:e18223 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.18223
date submitted: 2024-03-27
date accepted: 2024-09-12
issued: 2024-10-10
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Almoabadi
  given name: Reem H.
author list: Agent
  family name: Hanbazaza
  given name: Mahitab A.
doi: 10.7717/peerj.18223
volume: 12
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2024-10-10
copyright: ©2024 Almoabadi and Hanbazaza
attribution name: Almoabadi and Hanbazaza

Parental thermal conditions affect the brain activity response to alarm cue in larval zebrafish
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Temperature is a crucial factor affecting the physiology of ectothermic animals, but exposure to elevated temperature during specific life stages and across generations may confer fish resilience through phenotypic plasticity. In this study, we investigate the effects of developmental and parental temperature on brain activity response to an olfactory cue in the larval zebrafish, Danio rerio. We exposed parents during reproduction and their offspring during development to control (28 °C) or elevated temperature (30 °C) and observed the response of the larval telencephalon to an alarm cue using live calcium imaging. Parental exposure to elevated temperature decreased the time till maximum brain activity response regardless of the offspring’s developmental temperature, revealing that parental thermal conditions can affect the excitability of the offspring’s neural circuitry. Furthermore, brain activity duration was affected by the interaction between parental and offspring thermal conditions, where longer brain activity duration was seen when either parents or offspring were exposed to elevated temperature. Conversely, we found shorter brain activity duration when the offspring were exposed to the same temperature as their parents, in both control and elevated temperature. This could represent an anticipatory parental effect influencing the offspring’s brain response to match the parental environment, or an early developmental effect occurring within a susceptible short time window post-fertilization. Overall, our results suggest that warming can alter processes involved in brain transmission and show that parental conditions could aid in the preparation of their offspring to respond to olfactory stimuli in a warming environment.
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Jade M. Sourisse
creator: Julie L. Semmelhack
creator: Celia Schunter
subject: Aquaculture, Fisheries and Fish Science
subject: Ecology
subject: Neuroscience
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.18241
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2024 Sourisse et al.
abstract: Temperature is a crucial factor affecting the physiology of ectothermic animals, but exposure to elevated temperature during specific life stages and across generations may confer fish resilience through phenotypic plasticity. In this study, we investigate the effects of developmental and parental temperature on brain activity response to an olfactory cue in the larval zebrafish, Danio rerio. We exposed parents during reproduction and their offspring during development to control (28 °C) or elevated temperature (30 °C) and observed the response of the larval telencephalon to an alarm cue using live calcium imaging. Parental exposure to elevated temperature decreased the time till maximum brain activity response regardless of the offspring’s developmental temperature, revealing that parental thermal conditions can affect the excitability of the offspring’s neural circuitry. Furthermore, brain activity duration was affected by the interaction between parental and offspring thermal conditions, where longer brain activity duration was seen when either parents or offspring were exposed to elevated temperature. Conversely, we found shorter brain activity duration when the offspring were exposed to the same temperature as their parents, in both control and elevated temperature. This could represent an anticipatory parental effect influencing the offspring’s brain response to match the parental environment, or an early developmental effect occurring within a susceptible short time window post-fertilization. Overall, our results suggest that warming can alter processes involved in brain transmission and show that parental conditions could aid in the preparation of their offspring to respond to olfactory stimuli in a warming environment.
bibliographic citation: Sourisse et al. (2024) Parental thermal conditions affect the brain activity response to alarm cue in larval zebrafish. PeerJ 12:e18241 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.18241
date submitted: 2024-08-09
date accepted: 2024-09-15
issued: 2024-10-10
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Sourisse
  given name: Jade M.
author list: Agent
  family name: Semmelhack
  given name: Julie L.
author list: Agent
  family name: Schunter
  given name: Celia
doi: 10.7717/peerj.18241
volume: 12
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2024-10-10
copyright: ©2024 Sourisse et al.
attribution name: Sourisse et al.

PeerJ
type: Periodical
uri: PeerJ
issn: 2167-8359