PeerJ
type: channel
link: https://peerj.com/articles/
description: Articles published in PeerJ
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
publication name: PeerJ
issn: 2167-8359
items: The effect of multi-directional sprint training on change-of-direction speed and reactive agility of collegiate tennis players
items: A systematic review on machine learning approaches in cerebral palsy research
items: Insights into water insecurity in Indigenous communities in Canada: assessing microbial risks and innovative solutions, a multifaceted review
items: Investigating the bacterial community of gray mangroves (Avicennia marina) in coastal areas of Tabuk region
items: The relationship between allergic rhinitis and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis
items: Kinematic characterization of backhand stroke accuracy in squash based on kinematic variables between two different skill levels—a preliminary cross-sectional study
items: Effect of alpha-linolenic acid on aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity and RhoA/Rho-kinase pathway in kidney
items: Research progress and mitigation strategies for pod shattering resistance in rapeseed
items: Electronic cigarettes and their association with stress, depression, and anxiety among dental students in the UAE—a pilot cross sectional study
items: Development of multiplex real-time PCR for simultaneous detection of common fungal pathogens in invasive mycoses

The effect of multi-directional sprint training on change-of-direction speed and reactive agility of collegiate tennis players
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of random route multi-directional sprint training (MDST) compared to fixed route MDST on change-of-direction speed (CODS) and reactive agility (RA), and to investigate the correlation between CODS, RA and short-distance straight sprint speed (SDSS). Method A total of 19 collegiate tennis players from Beijing Sport University were randomly assigned to either the random route MDST group (RR group, N = 9, age: 22.22 ± 2.22 years) or the fixed route MDST group (FR group, N = 10, age: 21.90 ± 1.66 years). Both groups completed a progressive load intervention training for 3 weeks, three times a week. The RR group’s random route, mirroring the distance and number of change-of-direction (COD) in the FR group’s fixed route, was specifically designed. The spider run, T-drill, RA test and 5-m straight line sprint test were performed before and after the intervention. Results Both groups showed improved performance in the spider run (p < 0.05), T-drill (p < 0.01) and 5-m straight (p < 0.001) line sprint test after the intervention. Additionally, there was no significant difference in the improvement of CODS and SDSS between the two groups (p > 0.05). The RA of the RR and FR groups after the intervention was significantly higher than before intervention (p < 0.001), and RR group showed greater improvement in RA compared to the FR group. There was a moderate correlation between spider run and T-drill (r = 0.523), RA (r = 0.388), and no significant correlation between spider run and 5-m straight sprint (p > 0.05). T-drill was moderately correlated with RA (r = 0.347) and 5-m straight sprint (r = 0.321). RA was moderately correlated with 5-m straight sprint (r = 0.551). Conclusion Three-week multi-directional sprint training can effectively improve the change-of-direction speed, reactive agility and short-distance straight sprint speed of collegiate tennis players. And random route multi-directional sprint training has bett…
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Zhihui Zhou
creator: Chenxi Xin
creator: Yue Zhao
creator: Haijun Wu
subject: Anatomy and Physiology
subject: Kinesiology
subject: Public Health
subject: Sports Injury
subject: Sports Medicine
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.18263
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2024 Zhou et al.
abstract: Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of random route multi-directional sprint training (MDST) compared to fixed route MDST on change-of-direction speed (CODS) and reactive agility (RA), and to investigate the correlation between CODS, RA and short-distance straight sprint speed (SDSS). Method A total of 19 collegiate tennis players from Beijing Sport University were randomly assigned to either the random route MDST group (RR group, N = 9, age: 22.22 ± 2.22 years) or the fixed route MDST group (FR group, N = 10, age: 21.90 ± 1.66 years). Both groups completed a progressive load intervention training for 3 weeks, three times a week. The RR group’s random route, mirroring the distance and number of change-of-direction (COD) in the FR group’s fixed route, was specifically designed. The spider run, T-drill, RA test and 5-m straight line sprint test were performed before and after the intervention. Results Both groups showed improved performance in the spider run (p < 0.05), T-drill (p < 0.01) and 5-m straight (p < 0.001) line sprint test after the intervention. Additionally, there was no significant difference in the improvement of CODS and SDSS between the two groups (p > 0.05). The RA of the RR and FR groups after the intervention was significantly higher than before intervention (p < 0.001), and RR group showed greater improvement in RA compared to the FR group. There was a moderate correlation between spider run and T-drill (r = 0.523), RA (r = 0.388), and no significant correlation between spider run and 5-m straight sprint (p > 0.05). T-drill was moderately correlated with RA (r = 0.347) and 5-m straight sprint (r = 0.321). RA was moderately correlated with 5-m straight sprint (r = 0.551). Conclusion Three-week multi-directional sprint training can effectively improve the change-of-direction speed, reactive agility and short-distance straight sprint speed of collegiate tennis players. And random route multi-directional sprint training has bett…
bibliographic citation: Zhou et al. (2024) The effect of multi-directional sprint training on change-of-direction speed and reactive agility of collegiate tennis players. PeerJ 12:e18263 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.18263
date submitted: 2024-06-18
date accepted: 2024-09-17
issued: 2024-10-18
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Zhou
  given name: Zhihui
author list: Agent
  family name: Xin
  given name: Chenxi
author list: Agent
  family name: Zhao
  given name: Yue
author list: Agent
  family name: Wu
  given name: Haijun
doi: 10.7717/peerj.18263
volume: 12
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2024-10-18
copyright: © 2024 Zhou et al.
attribution name: Zhou et al.

A systematic review on machine learning approaches in cerebral palsy research
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Background This review aims to explore advances in the field of cerebral palsy (CP) focusing on machine learning (ML) models. The objectives of this study is to analyze the advances in the application of ML models in the field of CP and to compare the performance of different ML algorithms in terms of their effectiveness in CP identification, classifying CP into its subtypes, prediction of abnormalities in CP, and its management. These objectives guide the review in examining how ML techniques are applied to CP and their potential impact on improving outcomes in CP research and treatment. Methodology A total of 20 studies were identified on ML for CP from 2013 to 2023. Search Engines used during the review included electronic databases like PubMed for accessing biomedical and life sciences, IEEE Xplore for technical literature in computer, Google Scholar for a broad range of academic publications, Scopus and Web of Science for multidisciplinary high impact journals. Inclusion criteria included articles containing keywords such as cerebral palsy, machine learning approaches, outcome response, identification, classification, diagnosis, and treatment prediction. Studies were included if they reported the application of ML techniques for CP patients. Peer reviewed articles from 2013 to 2023 were only included for the review. We selected full-text articles, clinical trials, randomized control trial, systematic reviews, narrative reviews, and meta-analyses published in English. Exclusion criteria for the review included studies not directly related to CP. Editorials, opinion pieces, and non-peer-reviewed articles were also excluded. To ensure the validity and reliability of the findings in this review, we thoroughly examined the study designs, focusing on the appropriateness of their methodologies and sample sizes. To synthesize and present the results, data were extracted and organized into tables for easy comparison. The results were presented through a combination of t…
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Anjuman Nahar
creator: Sudip Paul
creator: Manob Jyoti Saikia
subject: Bioengineering
subject: Cognitive Disorders
subject: Neurology
subject: Biomechanics
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.18270
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2024 Nahar et al.
abstract: Background This review aims to explore advances in the field of cerebral palsy (CP) focusing on machine learning (ML) models. The objectives of this study is to analyze the advances in the application of ML models in the field of CP and to compare the performance of different ML algorithms in terms of their effectiveness in CP identification, classifying CP into its subtypes, prediction of abnormalities in CP, and its management. These objectives guide the review in examining how ML techniques are applied to CP and their potential impact on improving outcomes in CP research and treatment. Methodology A total of 20 studies were identified on ML for CP from 2013 to 2023. Search Engines used during the review included electronic databases like PubMed for accessing biomedical and life sciences, IEEE Xplore for technical literature in computer, Google Scholar for a broad range of academic publications, Scopus and Web of Science for multidisciplinary high impact journals. Inclusion criteria included articles containing keywords such as cerebral palsy, machine learning approaches, outcome response, identification, classification, diagnosis, and treatment prediction. Studies were included if they reported the application of ML techniques for CP patients. Peer reviewed articles from 2013 to 2023 were only included for the review. We selected full-text articles, clinical trials, randomized control trial, systematic reviews, narrative reviews, and meta-analyses published in English. Exclusion criteria for the review included studies not directly related to CP. Editorials, opinion pieces, and non-peer-reviewed articles were also excluded. To ensure the validity and reliability of the findings in this review, we thoroughly examined the study designs, focusing on the appropriateness of their methodologies and sample sizes. To synthesize and present the results, data were extracted and organized into tables for easy comparison. The results were presented through a combination of t…
bibliographic citation: Nahar et al. (2024) A systematic review on machine learning approaches in cerebral palsy research. PeerJ 12:e18270 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.18270
date submitted: 2024-06-11
date accepted: 2024-09-17
issued: 2024-10-18
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Nahar
  given name: Anjuman
author list: Agent
  family name: Paul
  given name: Sudip
author list: Agent
  family name: Saikia
  given name: Manob Jyoti
doi: 10.7717/peerj.18270
volume: 12
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2024-10-18
copyright: © 2024 Nahar et al.
attribution name: Nahar et al.

Insights into water insecurity in Indigenous communities in Canada: assessing microbial risks and innovative solutions, a multifaceted review
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Canada is considered a freshwater-rich country, despite this, several Indigenous reserves struggle with household water insecurity. In fact, some of these communities have lacked access to safe water for almost 30 years. Water quality in Canadian Indigenous reserves is influenced by several factors including source water quality, drinking water treatments applied, water distribution systems, and water storage tanks when piped water is unavailable. The objective of this multifaceted review is to spot the challenges and consequences of inadequate drinking water systems (DWS) and the available technical and microbiological alternatives to address water sanitation coverage in Indigenous reserves of Canada, North America (also known as Turtle Island). A comprehensive literature review was conducted using national web portals from both federal and provincial governments, as well as academic databases to identify the following topics: The status of water insecurity in Indigenous communities across Canada; Microbiological, chemical, and natural causes contributing to water insecurity; Limitations of applying urban-style drinking water systems in Indigenous reserves in Canada and the management of DWS for Indigenous communities in other high-income countries; and the importance of determining the microbiome inhabiting drinking water systems along with the cutting-edge technology available for its analysis. A total of 169 scientific articles matched the inclusion criteria. The major themes discussed include: The status of water insecurity and water advisories in Canada; the risks of pathogenic microorganisms (i.e., Escherichia coli and total coliforms) and other chemicals (i.e., disinfection by-products) found in water storage tanks; the most common technologies available for water treatment including coagulation, high- and low-pressure membrane filtration procedures, ozone, ion exchange, and biological ion exchange and their limitations when applying them in remote Indigenou…
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Jocelyn I. Zambrano-Alvarado
creator: Miguel I. Uyaguari-Diaz
subject: Microbiology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Health Policy
subject: Environmental Impacts
subject: Environmental Health
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.18277
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2024 Zambrano-Alvarado and Uyaguari-Diaz
abstract: Canada is considered a freshwater-rich country, despite this, several Indigenous reserves struggle with household water insecurity. In fact, some of these communities have lacked access to safe water for almost 30 years. Water quality in Canadian Indigenous reserves is influenced by several factors including source water quality, drinking water treatments applied, water distribution systems, and water storage tanks when piped water is unavailable. The objective of this multifaceted review is to spot the challenges and consequences of inadequate drinking water systems (DWS) and the available technical and microbiological alternatives to address water sanitation coverage in Indigenous reserves of Canada, North America (also known as Turtle Island). A comprehensive literature review was conducted using national web portals from both federal and provincial governments, as well as academic databases to identify the following topics: The status of water insecurity in Indigenous communities across Canada; Microbiological, chemical, and natural causes contributing to water insecurity; Limitations of applying urban-style drinking water systems in Indigenous reserves in Canada and the management of DWS for Indigenous communities in other high-income countries; and the importance of determining the microbiome inhabiting drinking water systems along with the cutting-edge technology available for its analysis. A total of 169 scientific articles matched the inclusion criteria. The major themes discussed include: The status of water insecurity and water advisories in Canada; the risks of pathogenic microorganisms (i.e., Escherichia coli and total coliforms) and other chemicals (i.e., disinfection by-products) found in water storage tanks; the most common technologies available for water treatment including coagulation, high- and low-pressure membrane filtration procedures, ozone, ion exchange, and biological ion exchange and their limitations when applying them in remote Indigenou…
bibliographic citation: Zambrano-Alvarado et al. (2024) Insights into water insecurity in Indigenous communities in Canada: assessing microbial risks and innovative solutions, a multifaceted review. PeerJ 12:e18277 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.18277
date submitted: 2024-04-25
date accepted: 2024-09-18
issued: 2024-10-18
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Zambrano-Alvarado
  given name: Jocelyn I.
author list: Agent
  family name: Uyaguari-Diaz
  given name: Miguel I.
doi: 10.7717/peerj.18277
volume: 12
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2024-10-18
copyright: ©2024 Zambrano-Alvarado and Uyaguari-Diaz
attribution name: Zambrano-Alvarado and Uyaguari-Diaz

Investigating the bacterial community of gray mangroves (Avicennia marina) in coastal areas of Tabuk region
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Mangrove vegetation, a threatened and unique inter-tidal ecosystem, harbours a complex and largely unexplored bacterial community crucial for nutrient cycling and the degradation of toxic pollutants in coastal areas. Despite its importance, the bacterial community composition of the gray mangrove (Avicennia marina) in the Red Sea coastal regions remains under-studied. This study aims to elucidate the structural and functional diversity of the microbiome in the bulk and rhizospheric soils associated with A. marina in the coastal areas of Ras Alshabaan-Umluj (Umluj) and Almunibrah-Al-Wajh (Al-Wajh) within the Tabuk region of Saudi Arabia. Amplicon sequencing targeting the 16S rRNA was performed using the metagenomic DNAs from the bulk and rhizospheric soil samples from Umluj and Al-Wajh. A total of 6,876 OTUs were recovered from all samples, of which 1,857 OTUs were common to all locations while the total number of OTUs unique to Al-wajh was higher (3,011 OTUs) than the total number of OTUs observed (1,324 OTUs) at Umluj site. Based on diversity indices, overall bacterial diversity was comparatively higher in rhizospheric soil samples of both sites. Comparing the diversity indices for the rhizosphere samples from the two sites revealed that the diversity was much higher in the rhizosphere samples from Al-Wajh as compared to those from Umluj. The most dominant genera in rhizosphere sample of Al-Wajh were Geminicoccus and Thermodesulfovibrio while the same habitat of the Umluj site was dominated by Propionibacterium, Corynebacterium and Staphylococcus. Bacterial functional potential prediction analyses showed that bacteria from two locations have almost similar patterns of functional genes including amino acids and carbohydrates metabolisms, sulfate reduction and C-1 compound metabolism and xenobiotics biodegradation. However, the rhizosphere samples of both sites harbour more genes involved in the utilization and assimilation of C-1 compounds. Our results reveal that b…
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Hanaa Ghabban
creator: Doha A. Albalawi
creator: Amenah S. Al-otaibi
creator: Dikhnah Alshehri
creator: Asma Massad Alenzi
creator: Marfat Alatawy
creator: Hanan Ali Alatawi
creator: Dalia Kamal Alnagar
creator: Ahmad Bahieldin
subject: Bioinformatics
subject: Genomics
subject: Microbiology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Plant Science
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.18282
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2024 Ghabban et al.
abstract: Mangrove vegetation, a threatened and unique inter-tidal ecosystem, harbours a complex and largely unexplored bacterial community crucial for nutrient cycling and the degradation of toxic pollutants in coastal areas. Despite its importance, the bacterial community composition of the gray mangrove (Avicennia marina) in the Red Sea coastal regions remains under-studied. This study aims to elucidate the structural and functional diversity of the microbiome in the bulk and rhizospheric soils associated with A. marina in the coastal areas of Ras Alshabaan-Umluj (Umluj) and Almunibrah-Al-Wajh (Al-Wajh) within the Tabuk region of Saudi Arabia. Amplicon sequencing targeting the 16S rRNA was performed using the metagenomic DNAs from the bulk and rhizospheric soil samples from Umluj and Al-Wajh. A total of 6,876 OTUs were recovered from all samples, of which 1,857 OTUs were common to all locations while the total number of OTUs unique to Al-wajh was higher (3,011 OTUs) than the total number of OTUs observed (1,324 OTUs) at Umluj site. Based on diversity indices, overall bacterial diversity was comparatively higher in rhizospheric soil samples of both sites. Comparing the diversity indices for the rhizosphere samples from the two sites revealed that the diversity was much higher in the rhizosphere samples from Al-Wajh as compared to those from Umluj. The most dominant genera in rhizosphere sample of Al-Wajh were Geminicoccus and Thermodesulfovibrio while the same habitat of the Umluj site was dominated by Propionibacterium, Corynebacterium and Staphylococcus. Bacterial functional potential prediction analyses showed that bacteria from two locations have almost similar patterns of functional genes including amino acids and carbohydrates metabolisms, sulfate reduction and C-1 compound metabolism and xenobiotics biodegradation. However, the rhizosphere samples of both sites harbour more genes involved in the utilization and assimilation of C-1 compounds. Our results reveal that b…
bibliographic citation: Ghabban et al. (2024) Investigating the bacterial community of gray mangroves (Avicennia marina) in coastal areas of Tabuk region. PeerJ 12:e18282 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.18282
date submitted: 2024-02-28
date accepted: 2024-09-19
issued: 2024-10-18
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Ghabban
  given name: Hanaa
author list: Agent
  family name: Albalawi
  given name: Doha A.
author list: Agent
  family name: Al-otaibi
  given name: Amenah S.
author list: Agent
  family name: Alshehri
  given name: Dikhnah
author list: Agent
  family name: Alenzi
  given name: Asma Massad
author list: Agent
  family name: Alatawy
  given name: Marfat
author list: Agent
  family name: Alatawi
  given name: Hanan Ali
author list: Agent
  family name: Alnagar
  given name: Dalia Kamal
author list: Agent
  family name: Bahieldin
  given name: Ahmad
doi: 10.7717/peerj.18282
volume: 12
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2024-10-18
copyright: © 2024 Ghabban et al.
attribution name: Ghabban et al.

The relationship between allergic rhinitis and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Background Numerous investigations have examined the potential link between allergic rhinitis (AR) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, some studies show no association between the two diseases. The connection between these two conditions remains inconclusive. This study aimed to conduct a meta-analysis exploring the correlation between AR and ADHD. Methods We conducted systematic searches of the MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, ERIC, PubMed, Web of Science, and CINAHL databases, up to the year 2023. Subsequently, we conducted a meta-analysis using R 4.2.2, where we computed the pooled odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval to assess the relationship between AR and ADHD within studies exhibiting similar characteristics. Statistical heterogeneity was evaluated by computing the value using the Cochrane Intervention Manual’s guidelines. Additionally, subgroup analyses were conducted by stratifying the study population according to gender, age, etc. Sensitivity analysis was performed by systematically removing individual studies. Results In this systematic review, we incorporated 12 eligible studies, collectively encompassing a sample size of 530,360 participants. Within the included studies, heterogeneity was observed, and the utilization of a random-effects model demonstrated a noteworthy correlation between children with ADHD and the presence of AR. Similarly, children with AR exhibited a significant correlation with the occurrence of ADHD. We also found some relationships in subgroup analyses. Conclusion A substantial correlation is evident between AR and ADHD in children and adolescents. AR may potentially contribute as a risk factor for the onset of ADHD, and conversely, ADHD may heighten the likelihood of developing AR.
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Qian Wang
creator: Ruikun Wang
creator: Mengyao Li
creator: Jieqiong Liang
creator: Xiaojun Zhan
creator: Yingxia Lu
creator: Guimin Huang
creator: Qinglong Gu
subject: Allergy and Clinical Immunology
subject: Cognitive Disorders
subject: Otorhinolaryngology
subject: Pediatrics
subject: Mental Health
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.18287
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2024 Wang et al.
abstract: Background Numerous investigations have examined the potential link between allergic rhinitis (AR) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, some studies show no association between the two diseases. The connection between these two conditions remains inconclusive. This study aimed to conduct a meta-analysis exploring the correlation between AR and ADHD. Methods We conducted systematic searches of the MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, ERIC, PubMed, Web of Science, and CINAHL databases, up to the year 2023. Subsequently, we conducted a meta-analysis using R 4.2.2, where we computed the pooled odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval to assess the relationship between AR and ADHD within studies exhibiting similar characteristics. Statistical heterogeneity was evaluated by computing the value using the Cochrane Intervention Manual’s guidelines. Additionally, subgroup analyses were conducted by stratifying the study population according to gender, age, etc. Sensitivity analysis was performed by systematically removing individual studies. Results In this systematic review, we incorporated 12 eligible studies, collectively encompassing a sample size of 530,360 participants. Within the included studies, heterogeneity was observed, and the utilization of a random-effects model demonstrated a noteworthy correlation between children with ADHD and the presence of AR. Similarly, children with AR exhibited a significant correlation with the occurrence of ADHD. We also found some relationships in subgroup analyses. Conclusion A substantial correlation is evident between AR and ADHD in children and adolescents. AR may potentially contribute as a risk factor for the onset of ADHD, and conversely, ADHD may heighten the likelihood of developing AR.
bibliographic citation: Wang et al. (2024) The relationship between allergic rhinitis and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PeerJ 12:e18287 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.18287
date submitted: 2023-11-22
date accepted: 2024-09-19
issued: 2024-10-18
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Wang
  given name: Qian
author list: Agent
  family name: Wang
  given name: Ruikun
author list: Agent
  family name: Li
  given name: Mengyao
author list: Agent
  family name: Liang
  given name: Jieqiong
author list: Agent
  family name: Zhan
  given name: Xiaojun
author list: Agent
  family name: Lu
  given name: Yingxia
author list: Agent
  family name: Huang
  given name: Guimin
author list: Agent
  family name: Gu
  given name: Qinglong
doi: 10.7717/peerj.18287
volume: 12
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2024-10-18
copyright: © 2024 Wang et al.
attribution name: Wang et al.

Kinematic characterization of backhand stroke accuracy in squash based on kinematic variables between two different skill levels—a preliminary cross-sectional study
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Background The aim of this study was to compare differences in shot placement and accuracy between national and international level squash players. Squash is a technically demanding sport and understanding the biomechanical characteristics of athletes at different levels is important for developing effective training strategies. Methods The study used a three-dimensional motion analysis system, a high-speed video camera, and a professional tee for biomechanical testing. Participants included national and international level squash players. The kinematic characteristics of the shoulder, elbow, and wrist joints of the upper extremity for backhand strokes, as well as the accuracy of the strokes, were analyzed to compare the differences between the two groups of athletes in terms of stroke posture and accuracy. Results The kinematic analysis of the backward backhand stroke revealed that national squash players showed significant differences compared to international players in several key parameters. Specifically, national players had significantly greater trunk flexion (P = 0.018) and less shoulder medial rotation (P = 0.027). They also had lower racket velocity in the X-direction (P = 0.043). However, there were no significant differences in trunk lateral flexion (P = 0.487), trunk rotation (P = 0.293), shoulder extension/flexion (P = 0.396), elbow flexion/extension (P = 0.818), wrist flexion/extension (P = 0.177), wrist rotation (P = 0.476), racket pitch (P = 0.112), racket velocity in the Y-direction (P = 0.587), or racket velocity in the Z-direction (P = 0.327). Additionally, data for racket yaw, racket roll, and racket Vx were not provided with significant values, indicating that these parameters do not show significant differences. Conclusion International level players outperformed national level players in squash stroke accuracy and control. Key kinematic factors influencing accuracy include trunk forward flexion, shoulder abduction, shoulder internal rotation,…
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Rui Huang
creator: Haojie Li
creator: Jian Jiang
creator: Zhitao Zhou
creator: Chen Xiu
subject: Kinesiology
subject: Biomechanics
subject: Sports Medicine
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.18333
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2024 Huang et al.
abstract: Background The aim of this study was to compare differences in shot placement and accuracy between national and international level squash players. Squash is a technically demanding sport and understanding the biomechanical characteristics of athletes at different levels is important for developing effective training strategies. Methods The study used a three-dimensional motion analysis system, a high-speed video camera, and a professional tee for biomechanical testing. Participants included national and international level squash players. The kinematic characteristics of the shoulder, elbow, and wrist joints of the upper extremity for backhand strokes, as well as the accuracy of the strokes, were analyzed to compare the differences between the two groups of athletes in terms of stroke posture and accuracy. Results The kinematic analysis of the backward backhand stroke revealed that national squash players showed significant differences compared to international players in several key parameters. Specifically, national players had significantly greater trunk flexion (P = 0.018) and less shoulder medial rotation (P = 0.027). They also had lower racket velocity in the X-direction (P = 0.043). However, there were no significant differences in trunk lateral flexion (P = 0.487), trunk rotation (P = 0.293), shoulder extension/flexion (P = 0.396), elbow flexion/extension (P = 0.818), wrist flexion/extension (P = 0.177), wrist rotation (P = 0.476), racket pitch (P = 0.112), racket velocity in the Y-direction (P = 0.587), or racket velocity in the Z-direction (P = 0.327). Additionally, data for racket yaw, racket roll, and racket Vx were not provided with significant values, indicating that these parameters do not show significant differences. Conclusion International level players outperformed national level players in squash stroke accuracy and control. Key kinematic factors influencing accuracy include trunk forward flexion, shoulder abduction, shoulder internal rotation,…
bibliographic citation: Huang et al. (2024) Kinematic characterization of backhand stroke accuracy in squash based on kinematic variables between two different skill levels—a preliminary cross-sectional study. PeerJ 12:e18333 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.18333
date submitted: 2024-05-02
date accepted: 2024-09-25
issued: 2024-10-18
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Huang
  given name: Rui
author list: Agent
  family name: Li
  given name: Haojie
author list: Agent
  family name: Jiang
  given name: Jian
author list: Agent
  family name: Zhou
  given name: Zhitao
author list: Agent
  family name: Xiu
  given name: Chen
doi: 10.7717/peerj.18333
volume: 12
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2024-10-18
copyright: ©2024 Huang et al.
attribution name: Huang et al.

Effect of alpha-linolenic acid on aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity and RhoA/Rho-kinase pathway in kidney
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity stands as a primary contributor to the development of acute intrinsic renal failure. Distinctive characteristic associated with this nephrotoxicity is the occurrence of tubular necrosis, which is why it is commonly referred to as acute tubular necrosis. Studies have demonstrated that inhibiting rhoA/rho-kinase pathway is beneficial for kidney damage induced by diabetes and renal ischemia. Comparable pathological conditions can be observed in aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity, like those found in diabetes and renal ischemia. Gentamicin, an aminoglycoside, is known to activate Rho/Rho-kinase pathway. The primary goal of this study is to explore influence of oxidative stress on this pathway by concurrently administering gentamicin and alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) possessing known antioxidant properties. To achieve this, gentamicin (100 mg kg−1) and ALA (70 mg kg−1) were administered to mice for a period of 9 days, and Rho/Rho-kinase pathway was examined by using ELISA. Administration of gentamicin to mice led to an elevation in RhoA and rho-kinase II levels, along with the activity of rho-kinase in kidneys. However, ALA effectively reversed this heightened response. ALA, known for its antioxidant properties, inhibited activation of Rho/Rho-kinase pathway induced by gentamicin. This finding suggests that gentamicin induces nephrotoxicity through oxidative stress.
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Percin Pazarci
creator: Serkan Özler
creator: Halil Mahir Kaplan
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Nephrology
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.18335
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2024 Pazarci et al.
abstract: Aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity stands as a primary contributor to the development of acute intrinsic renal failure. Distinctive characteristic associated with this nephrotoxicity is the occurrence of tubular necrosis, which is why it is commonly referred to as acute tubular necrosis. Studies have demonstrated that inhibiting rhoA/rho-kinase pathway is beneficial for kidney damage induced by diabetes and renal ischemia. Comparable pathological conditions can be observed in aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity, like those found in diabetes and renal ischemia. Gentamicin, an aminoglycoside, is known to activate Rho/Rho-kinase pathway. The primary goal of this study is to explore influence of oxidative stress on this pathway by concurrently administering gentamicin and alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) possessing known antioxidant properties. To achieve this, gentamicin (100 mg kg−1) and ALA (70 mg kg−1) were administered to mice for a period of 9 days, and Rho/Rho-kinase pathway was examined by using ELISA. Administration of gentamicin to mice led to an elevation in RhoA and rho-kinase II levels, along with the activity of rho-kinase in kidneys. However, ALA effectively reversed this heightened response. ALA, known for its antioxidant properties, inhibited activation of Rho/Rho-kinase pathway induced by gentamicin. This finding suggests that gentamicin induces nephrotoxicity through oxidative stress.
bibliographic citation: Pazarci et al. (2024) Effect of alpha-linolenic acid on aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity and RhoA/Rho-kinase pathway in kidney. PeerJ 12:e18335 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.18335
date submitted: 2024-06-06
date accepted: 2024-09-25
issued: 2024-10-18
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Pazarci
  given name: Percin
author list: Agent
  family name: Özler
  given name: Serkan
author list: Agent
  family name: Kaplan
  given name: Halil Mahir
doi: 10.7717/peerj.18335
volume: 12
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2024-10-18
copyright: ©2024 Pazarci et al.
attribution name: Pazarci et al.

Research progress and mitigation strategies for pod shattering resistance in rapeseed
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Background Mature rapeseed pods typically shatter when harvested, resulting in approximately 8–12% yield loss. Adverse weather conditions and mechanized harvesting can diminish pod yield by up to 50%, primarily owing to delays in harvesting and mechanical collisions. The pod shatter resistance index (PSRI) assesses pod damage. Recent research focused on comparing pod shatter resistance among varieties, evaluating methods, and studying gene knockout mechanisms. However, there remains a pressing need to broaden the scope of research. In particular, it is essential to recognize that pod shatter, a complex trait, influenced by genetics, environment, agronomic practices, and harvest techniques. Future studies should integrate these factors to develop comprehensive strategies to mitigate pod shatter, enhancing rapeseed yields and agricultural mechanization. This review explores factors affecting pod shatter resistance and strategies to improve it. Methodology Scoping literature review that adhered to the methodological framework for systematic reviews was performed using search engines such as Google Scholar, Web of Science, and the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure. This review aimed to identify pertinent articles, which were subsequently subjected to thorough screening and evaluation. The protocol for this literature review involved the following key steps: definition of research questions, development of a search strategy, development of data extraction strategy, synthesis of the extracted data, and organization and analysis of the extracted data. Results The review presents strategies for enhancing rapeseed yield during mechanized harvesting, focusing on four key areas: (i) selecting and breeding shatter-resistant varieties using DNA markers to establish a robust germplasm resource; (ii) optimizing cultivation technologies and agronomic measures to elicit favorable interactions between compact plant-type genotypes and the environment, thereby facilitating nutr…
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Li Liu
creator: Hafiz Hassan Javed
creator: Yue Hu
creator: Yu-Qin Luo
creator: Xiao Peng
creator: Yong-Cheng Wu
subject: Agricultural Science
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Plant Science
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.18105
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2024 Liu et al.
abstract: Background Mature rapeseed pods typically shatter when harvested, resulting in approximately 8–12% yield loss. Adverse weather conditions and mechanized harvesting can diminish pod yield by up to 50%, primarily owing to delays in harvesting and mechanical collisions. The pod shatter resistance index (PSRI) assesses pod damage. Recent research focused on comparing pod shatter resistance among varieties, evaluating methods, and studying gene knockout mechanisms. However, there remains a pressing need to broaden the scope of research. In particular, it is essential to recognize that pod shatter, a complex trait, influenced by genetics, environment, agronomic practices, and harvest techniques. Future studies should integrate these factors to develop comprehensive strategies to mitigate pod shatter, enhancing rapeseed yields and agricultural mechanization. This review explores factors affecting pod shatter resistance and strategies to improve it. Methodology Scoping literature review that adhered to the methodological framework for systematic reviews was performed using search engines such as Google Scholar, Web of Science, and the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure. This review aimed to identify pertinent articles, which were subsequently subjected to thorough screening and evaluation. The protocol for this literature review involved the following key steps: definition of research questions, development of a search strategy, development of data extraction strategy, synthesis of the extracted data, and organization and analysis of the extracted data. Results The review presents strategies for enhancing rapeseed yield during mechanized harvesting, focusing on four key areas: (i) selecting and breeding shatter-resistant varieties using DNA markers to establish a robust germplasm resource; (ii) optimizing cultivation technologies and agronomic measures to elicit favorable interactions between compact plant-type genotypes and the environment, thereby facilitating nutr…
bibliographic citation: Liu et al. (2024) Research progress and mitigation strategies for pod shattering resistance in rapeseed. PeerJ 12:e18105 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.18105
date submitted: 2024-02-02
date accepted: 2024-08-26
issued: 2024-10-17
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Liu
  given name: Li
author list: Agent
  family name: Javed
  given name: Hafiz Hassan
author list: Agent
  family name: Hu
  given name: Yue
author list: Agent
  family name: Luo
  given name: Yu-Qin
author list: Agent
  family name: Peng
  given name: Xiao
author list: Agent
  family name: Wu
  given name: Yong-Cheng
doi: 10.7717/peerj.18105
volume: 12
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2024-10-17
copyright: ©2024 Liu et al.
attribution name: Liu et al.

Electronic cigarettes and their association with stress, depression, and anxiety among dental students in the UAE—a pilot cross sectional study
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Background During dental school, students may encounter stressful events that contribute to stress, anxiety, and depression; in response to these factors, some students use vaping or electronic cigarettes. Objective To evaluate the relationship between electronic cigarettes use and stress, anxiety, and depression among dental students. Methods A cross-sectional study included 142 dental students in their preclinical, clinical, or internship year was conducted. The 142 participants were split evenly between two groups: smokers and nonsmokers. The average age of the study’s male and female participants was 21.6 years. Using the DASS 21 scale, participants were instructed to complete an electronic questionnaire assessing the association between electronic cigarettes use and stress, anxiety, and depression in smokers and nonsmokers. Results According to the findings of this study, stress, anxiety, and depression were significantly associated with electronic cigarette use. Compared to non-smokers, electronic cigarette smokers reported higher levels of severe/extremely severe depression (OR: 10.34, 95% CI: [4.23–24.1]), anxiety (OR: 13.8, 95% CI: [5.4–30.1]) and stress (OR: 27.6, 95% CI: [8.9–85.8]). Compared to males, females were 2.5 times (95% CI: [1.02–6.1]) more likely to report severe/extremely severe anxiety (P < 0.05). Conclusion This study demonstrates a significant correlation between the use of electronic cigarettes and elevated levels of stress, anxiety, and depression among dental students in the UAE.
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Waseem Tawba
creator: Mohamed El Qadiri
creator: Mustafa Al-Adhami
creator: Nour Almehmeed
creator: Natheer H. Al-Rawi
creator: Manal Awad
subject: Dentistry
subject: Psychiatry and Psychology
subject: Science and Medical Education
subject: Mental Health
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.18167
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2024 Tawba et al.
abstract: Background During dental school, students may encounter stressful events that contribute to stress, anxiety, and depression; in response to these factors, some students use vaping or electronic cigarettes. Objective To evaluate the relationship between electronic cigarettes use and stress, anxiety, and depression among dental students. Methods A cross-sectional study included 142 dental students in their preclinical, clinical, or internship year was conducted. The 142 participants were split evenly between two groups: smokers and nonsmokers. The average age of the study’s male and female participants was 21.6 years. Using the DASS 21 scale, participants were instructed to complete an electronic questionnaire assessing the association between electronic cigarettes use and stress, anxiety, and depression in smokers and nonsmokers. Results According to the findings of this study, stress, anxiety, and depression were significantly associated with electronic cigarette use. Compared to non-smokers, electronic cigarette smokers reported higher levels of severe/extremely severe depression (OR: 10.34, 95% CI: [4.23–24.1]), anxiety (OR: 13.8, 95% CI: [5.4–30.1]) and stress (OR: 27.6, 95% CI: [8.9–85.8]). Compared to males, females were 2.5 times (95% CI: [1.02–6.1]) more likely to report severe/extremely severe anxiety (P < 0.05). Conclusion This study demonstrates a significant correlation between the use of electronic cigarettes and elevated levels of stress, anxiety, and depression among dental students in the UAE.
bibliographic citation: Tawba et al. (2024) Electronic cigarettes and their association with stress, depression, and anxiety among dental students in the UAE—a pilot cross sectional study. PeerJ 12:e18167 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.18167
date submitted: 2024-05-28
date accepted: 2024-09-03
issued: 2024-10-17
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Tawba
  given name: Waseem
author list: Agent
  family name: El Qadiri
  given name: Mohamed
author list: Agent
  family name: Al-Adhami
  given name: Mustafa
author list: Agent
  family name: Almehmeed
  given name: Nour
author list: Agent
  family name: Al-Rawi
  given name: Natheer H.
author list: Agent
  family name: Awad
  given name: Manal
doi: 10.7717/peerj.18167
volume: 12
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2024-10-17
copyright: © 2024 Tawba et al.
attribution name: Tawba et al.

Development of multiplex real-time PCR for simultaneous detection of common fungal pathogens in invasive mycoses
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Background Fungi are common opportunistic pathogens that pose a significant threat to immunocompromised patients, particularly when late detection occurs. Methods In this study a multiplex real-time PCR has been developed for simultaneous detection of common fungal pathogens associated with invasive mycoses in a diagnostic setting. Results The specificity of the assay was rigorously tested on 40 types of organisms (n = 65), demonstrating 100% specificity. The limit of detection was determined to be 100 pg/μl (106 copies/μl), achievable within a rapid 3-h timeframe. The PCR assay efficiency exhibited a range between 89.77% and 104.30% for each target organism, with linearity falling between 0.9780 and 0.9983. Conclusion This multiplex real-time PCR assay holds promise for enhancing the timely and accurate diagnosis of invasive mycoses, particularly in immunocompromised patient populations.
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Yasmin Khairani Muhammad Ismadi
creator: Suharni Mohamad
creator: Azian Harun
subject: Microbiology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Mycology
subject: Infectious Diseases
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.18238
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2024 Ismadi et al.
abstract: Background Fungi are common opportunistic pathogens that pose a significant threat to immunocompromised patients, particularly when late detection occurs. Methods In this study a multiplex real-time PCR has been developed for simultaneous detection of common fungal pathogens associated with invasive mycoses in a diagnostic setting. Results The specificity of the assay was rigorously tested on 40 types of organisms (n = 65), demonstrating 100% specificity. The limit of detection was determined to be 100 pg/μl (106 copies/μl), achievable within a rapid 3-h timeframe. The PCR assay efficiency exhibited a range between 89.77% and 104.30% for each target organism, with linearity falling between 0.9780 and 0.9983. Conclusion This multiplex real-time PCR assay holds promise for enhancing the timely and accurate diagnosis of invasive mycoses, particularly in immunocompromised patient populations.
bibliographic citation: Ismadi et al. (2024) Development of multiplex real-time PCR for simultaneous detection of common fungal pathogens in invasive mycoses. PeerJ 12:e18238 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.18238
date submitted: 2024-05-27
date accepted: 2024-09-15
issued: 2024-10-17
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Ismadi
  given name: Yasmin Khairani Muhammad
author list: Agent
  family name: Mohamad
  given name: Suharni
author list: Agent
  family name: Harun
  given name: Azian
doi: 10.7717/peerj.18238
volume: 12
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2024-10-17
copyright: © 2024 Ismadi et al.
attribution name: Ismadi et al.

PeerJ
type: Periodical
uri: PeerJ
issn: 2167-8359