PeerJ
type: channel
link: https://peerj.com/articles/
description: Articles published in PeerJ
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
publication name: PeerJ
issn: 2167-8359
items: Preliminary needs assessment of mobile technology use for healthcare among homeless veterans
items: Spatio-temporal variability in the distribution of ground-dwelling riparian spiders and their potential role in water-to-land energy transfer along Hong Kong forest streams
items: Interpreting pathologies in extant and extinct archosaurs using micro-CT
items: Mechanistic pathways of mercury removal from the organomercurial lyase active site
items: Sexual dimorphism and allometry in the sphecophilous rove beetle Triacrus dilatus
items: Diagnostic inertia in dyslipidaemia: results of a preventative programme in Spain
items: Using affective knowledge to generate and validate a set of emotion-related, action words
items: Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae–bacteriophage combination from the caecal effluent of a healthy woman
items: Early prediction of language and literacy problems: is 18 months too early?
items: A population genetic assessment of coral recovery on highly disturbed reefs of the Keppel Island archipelago in the southern Great Barrier Reef

Preliminary needs assessment of mobile technology use for healthcare among homeless veterans
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Background. Homeless veterans have complex healthcare needs, but experience many barriers to treatment engagement. While information technologies (IT), especially mobile phones, are used to engage patients in care, little is known about homeless veterans’ IT use. This study examines homeless veterans’ access to and use of IT, attitudes toward health-related IT use, and barriers to IT in the context of homelessness. Methods. Qualitative interviews were conducted with 30 homeless veterans in different housing programs in Boston, MA, ranging from emergency shelters to supportive transitional housing that allow stays of up to 2 years. Interviews were conducted in person, audio recorded and then transcribed. Three researchers coded transcripts. Inductive thematic analysis was used. Results. Most participants (90%) had a mobile phone and were receptive to IT use for health-related communications. A common difficulty communicating with providers was the lack of a stable mailing address. Some participants were using mobile phones to stay in touch with providers. Participants felt mobile-phone calls or text messages could be used to remind patients of appointments, prescription refills, medication taking, and returning for laboratory results. Mobile phone text messaging was seen as convenient, and helped participants stay organized because necessary information was saved in text messages. Some reported concerns about the costs associated with mobile phone use (calls and texting), the potential to be annoyed by too many text messages, and not knowing how to use text messaging. Conclusion. Homeless veterans use IT and welcome its use for health-related purposes. Technology-assisted outreach among this population may lead to improved engagement in care.
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: D. Keith McInnes
creator: Gemmae M. Fix
creator: Jeffrey L. Solomon
creator: Beth Ann Petrakis
creator: Leon Sawh
creator: David A. Smelson
subject: Human-Computer Interaction
subject: Public Health
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.1096
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2015
abstract: Background. Homeless veterans have complex healthcare needs, but experience many barriers to treatment engagement. While information technologies (IT), especially mobile phones, are used to engage patients in care, little is known about homeless veterans’ IT use. This study examines homeless veterans’ access to and use of IT, attitudes toward health-related IT use, and barriers to IT in the context of homelessness. Methods. Qualitative interviews were conducted with 30 homeless veterans in different housing programs in Boston, MA, ranging from emergency shelters to supportive transitional housing that allow stays of up to 2 years. Interviews were conducted in person, audio recorded and then transcribed. Three researchers coded transcripts. Inductive thematic analysis was used. Results. Most participants (90%) had a mobile phone and were receptive to IT use for health-related communications. A common difficulty communicating with providers was the lack of a stable mailing address. Some participants were using mobile phones to stay in touch with providers. Participants felt mobile-phone calls or text messages could be used to remind patients of appointments, prescription refills, medication taking, and returning for laboratory results. Mobile phone text messaging was seen as convenient, and helped participants stay organized because necessary information was saved in text messages. Some reported concerns about the costs associated with mobile phone use (calls and texting), the potential to be annoyed by too many text messages, and not knowing how to use text messaging. Conclusion. Homeless veterans use IT and welcome its use for health-related purposes. Technology-assisted outreach among this population may lead to improved engagement in care.
bibliographic citation: McInnes et al. (2015) Preliminary needs assessment of mobile technology use for healthcare among homeless veterans. PeerJ 3:e1096 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1096
date submitted: 2014-12-20
date accepted: 2015-06-19
issued: 2015-07-30
is part of: PeerJ
license: http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: McInnes
  given name: D. Keith
author list: Agent
  family name: Fix
  given name: Gemmae M.
author list: Agent
  family name: Solomon
  given name: Jeffrey L.
author list: Agent
  family name: Petrakis
  given name: Beth Ann
author list: Agent
  family name: Sawh
  given name: Leon
author list: Agent
  family name: Smelson
  given name: David A.
doi: 10.7717/peerj.1096
volume: 3
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2015-07-30

Spatio-temporal variability in the distribution of ground-dwelling riparian spiders and their potential role in water-to-land energy transfer along Hong Kong forest streams
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Terrestrial predators have been shown to aggregate along stream margins during periods when the emergence of adult aquatic insects is high. Such aggregation may be especially evident when terrestrial surroundings are relatively unproductive, and there are steep productivity gradients across riparia. In tropical forests, however, the productivity of inland terrestrial habitats may decrease the resource gradient across riparia, thus lessening any tendency of terrestrial predators to aggregate along stream margins. We elucidated the spatio-temporal variability in the distribution of ground-dwelling spiders and terrestrial arthropod prey within the riparia of two forest streams in tropical Hong Kong by sampling arthropods along transects at different distances from the streams during the wet and dry seasons. Environmental variables that may have influenced spider distributions were also measured. The vast majority of ground-dwelling predators along all transects at both sites were spiders. Of the three most abundant spiders captured along stream margins, Heteropoda venatoria (Sparassidae) and Draconarius spp. (Agelenidae) were terrestrially inclined and abundant during both seasons. Only Pardosa sumatrana (Lycosidae) showed some degree of aggregation at the stream banks, indicating a potential reliance on aquatic insect prey. Circumstantial evidence supports this notion, as P. sumatrana was virtually absent during the dry season when aquatic insect emergence was low. In general, forest-stream riparia in Hong Kong did not appear to be feeding hotspots for ground-dwelling predators. The lack of aggregation in ground-dwelling spiders in general may be attributed to the low rates of emergence of aquatic insects from the study streams compared to counterpart systems, as well as the potentially high availability of terrestrial insect prey in the surrounding forest. Heteropoda venatoria, the largest of the three spiders maintained a high biomass (up to 28 mg dry weight/m2) in …
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Elaine Y.L. Yuen
creator: David Dudgeon
subject: Biodiversity
subject: Ecology
subject: Ecosystem Science
subject: Environmental Sciences
subject: Zoology
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.1134
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2015 Yuen and Dudgeon
abstract: Terrestrial predators have been shown to aggregate along stream margins during periods when the emergence of adult aquatic insects is high. Such aggregation may be especially evident when terrestrial surroundings are relatively unproductive, and there are steep productivity gradients across riparia. In tropical forests, however, the productivity of inland terrestrial habitats may decrease the resource gradient across riparia, thus lessening any tendency of terrestrial predators to aggregate along stream margins. We elucidated the spatio-temporal variability in the distribution of ground-dwelling spiders and terrestrial arthropod prey within the riparia of two forest streams in tropical Hong Kong by sampling arthropods along transects at different distances from the streams during the wet and dry seasons. Environmental variables that may have influenced spider distributions were also measured. The vast majority of ground-dwelling predators along all transects at both sites were spiders. Of the three most abundant spiders captured along stream margins, Heteropoda venatoria (Sparassidae) and Draconarius spp. (Agelenidae) were terrestrially inclined and abundant during both seasons. Only Pardosa sumatrana (Lycosidae) showed some degree of aggregation at the stream banks, indicating a potential reliance on aquatic insect prey. Circumstantial evidence supports this notion, as P. sumatrana was virtually absent during the dry season when aquatic insect emergence was low. In general, forest-stream riparia in Hong Kong did not appear to be feeding hotspots for ground-dwelling predators. The lack of aggregation in ground-dwelling spiders in general may be attributed to the low rates of emergence of aquatic insects from the study streams compared to counterpart systems, as well as the potentially high availability of terrestrial insect prey in the surrounding forest. Heteropoda venatoria, the largest of the three spiders maintained a high biomass (up to 28 mg dry weight/m2) in …
bibliographic citation: Yuen et al. (2015) Spatio-temporal variability in the distribution of ground-dwelling riparian spiders and their potential role in water-to-land energy transfer along Hong Kong forest streams. PeerJ 3:e1134 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1134
date submitted: 2015-03-02
date accepted: 2015-07-06
issued: 2015-07-28
is part of: PeerJ
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Yuen
  given name: Elaine Y.L.
author list: Agent
  family name: Dudgeon
  given name: David
doi: 10.7717/peerj.1134
volume: 3
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2015-07-28
copyright: © 2015 Yuen and Dudgeon
attribution name: Yuen and Dudgeon

Interpreting pathologies in extant and extinct archosaurs using micro-CT
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Palaeopathology offers unique insight to the healing strategies of extinct organisms, permitting questions concerning bone physiology to be answered in greater depth. Unfortunately, most palaeopathological studies are confined to external morphological interpretations due to the destructive nature of traditional methods of study. This limits the degree of reliable diagnosis and interpretation possible. X-ray MicroTomography (micro-CT, XMT) provides a non-destructive means of analysing the internal three-dimensional structure of pathologies in both extant and extinct individuals, at higher resolutions than possible with medical scanners. In this study, we present external and internal descriptions of pathologies in extant and extinct archosaurs using XMT. This work demonstrates that the combination of external/internal diagnosis that X-ray microtomography facilitates is crucial when differentiating between pathological conditions. Furthermore, we show that the use of comparative species, both through direct analysis and from the literature, provides key information for diagnosing between vertebrate groups in the typical pathological conditions and physiological processes. Micro-CT imaging, combined with comparative observations of extant species, provides more detailed and reliable interpretation of palaeopathologies. Micro-CT is an increasingly accessible tool, which will provide key insights for correctly interpreting vertebrate pathologies in the future.
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Jennifer Anné
creator: Russell J. Garwood
creator: Tristan Lowe
creator: Philip J. Withers
creator: Phillip L. Manning
subject: Paleontology
subject: Veterinary Medicine
subject: Zoology
subject: Histology
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.1130
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2015 Anné et al.
abstract: Palaeopathology offers unique insight to the healing strategies of extinct organisms, permitting questions concerning bone physiology to be answered in greater depth. Unfortunately, most palaeopathological studies are confined to external morphological interpretations due to the destructive nature of traditional methods of study. This limits the degree of reliable diagnosis and interpretation possible. X-ray MicroTomography (micro-CT, XMT) provides a non-destructive means of analysing the internal three-dimensional structure of pathologies in both extant and extinct individuals, at higher resolutions than possible with medical scanners. In this study, we present external and internal descriptions of pathologies in extant and extinct archosaurs using XMT. This work demonstrates that the combination of external/internal diagnosis that X-ray microtomography facilitates is crucial when differentiating between pathological conditions. Furthermore, we show that the use of comparative species, both through direct analysis and from the literature, provides key information for diagnosing between vertebrate groups in the typical pathological conditions and physiological processes. Micro-CT imaging, combined with comparative observations of extant species, provides more detailed and reliable interpretation of palaeopathologies. Micro-CT is an increasingly accessible tool, which will provide key insights for correctly interpreting vertebrate pathologies in the future.
bibliographic citation: Anné et al. (2015) Interpreting pathologies in extant and extinct archosaurs using micro-CT. PeerJ 3:e1130 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1130
date submitted: 2015-05-05
date accepted: 2015-07-06
issued: 2015-07-28
is part of: PeerJ
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Anné
  given name: Jennifer
author list: Agent
  family name: Garwood
  given name: Russell J.
author list: Agent
  family name: Lowe
  given name: Tristan
author list: Agent
  family name: Withers
  given name: Philip J.
author list: Agent
  family name: Manning
  given name: Phillip L.
doi: 10.7717/peerj.1130
volume: 3
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2015-07-28
copyright: © 2015 Anné et al.
attribution name: Anné et al.

Mechanistic pathways of mercury removal from the organomercurial lyase active site
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Bacterial populations present in Hg-rich environments have evolved biological mechanisms to detoxify methylmercury and other organometallic mercury compounds. The most common resistance mechanism relies on the H+-assisted cleavage of the Hg–C bond of methylmercury by the organomercurial lyase MerB. Although the initial reaction steps which lead to the loss of methane from methylmercury have already been studied experimentally and computationally, the reaction steps leading to the removal of Hg2+ from MerB and regeneration of the active site for a new round of catalysis have not yet been elucidated. In this paper, we have studied the final steps of the reaction catalyzed by MerB through quantum chemical computations at the combined MP2/CBS//B3PW91/6-31G(d) level of theory. While conceptually simple, these reaction steps occur in a complex potential energy surface where several distinct pathways are accessible and may operate concurrently. The only pathway which clearly emerges as forbidden in our analysis is the one arising from the sequential addition of two thiolates to the metal atom, due to the accumulation of negative charges in the active site. The addition of two thiols, in contrast, leads to two feasible mechanistic possibilities. The most straightforward pathway proceeds through proton transfer from the attacking thiol to Cys159 , leading to its removal from the mercury coordination sphere, followed by a slower attack of a second thiol, which removes Cys96. The other pathway involves Asp99 in an accessory role similar to the one observed earlier for the initial stages of the reaction and affords a lower activation enthalpy, around 14 kcal mol−1, determined solely by the cysteine removal step rather than by the thiol ligation step. Addition of one thiolate to the intermediates arising from either thiol attack occurs without a barrier and produces an intermediate bound to one active site cysteine and from which Hg(SCH3)2 may be removed only after protonation b…
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Pedro J. Silva
creator: Viviana Rodrigues
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Biophysics
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.1127
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2015 Silva and Rodrigues
abstract: Bacterial populations present in Hg-rich environments have evolved biological mechanisms to detoxify methylmercury and other organometallic mercury compounds. The most common resistance mechanism relies on the H+-assisted cleavage of the Hg–C bond of methylmercury by the organomercurial lyase MerB. Although the initial reaction steps which lead to the loss of methane from methylmercury have already been studied experimentally and computationally, the reaction steps leading to the removal of Hg2+ from MerB and regeneration of the active site for a new round of catalysis have not yet been elucidated. In this paper, we have studied the final steps of the reaction catalyzed by MerB through quantum chemical computations at the combined MP2/CBS//B3PW91/6-31G(d) level of theory. While conceptually simple, these reaction steps occur in a complex potential energy surface where several distinct pathways are accessible and may operate concurrently. The only pathway which clearly emerges as forbidden in our analysis is the one arising from the sequential addition of two thiolates to the metal atom, due to the accumulation of negative charges in the active site. The addition of two thiols, in contrast, leads to two feasible mechanistic possibilities. The most straightforward pathway proceeds through proton transfer from the attacking thiol to Cys159 , leading to its removal from the mercury coordination sphere, followed by a slower attack of a second thiol, which removes Cys96. The other pathway involves Asp99 in an accessory role similar to the one observed earlier for the initial stages of the reaction and affords a lower activation enthalpy, around 14 kcal mol−1, determined solely by the cysteine removal step rather than by the thiol ligation step. Addition of one thiolate to the intermediates arising from either thiol attack occurs without a barrier and produces an intermediate bound to one active site cysteine and from which Hg(SCH3)2 may be removed only after protonation b…
bibliographic citation: Silva et al. (2015) Mechanistic pathways of mercury removal from the organomercurial lyase active site. PeerJ 3:e1127 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1127
date submitted: 2015-03-18
date accepted: 2015-07-03
issued: 2015-07-28
is part of: PeerJ
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Silva
  given name: Pedro J.
author list: Agent
  family name: Rodrigues
  given name: Viviana
doi: 10.7717/peerj.1127
volume: 3
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2015-07-28
copyright: © 2015 Silva and Rodrigues
attribution name: Silva and Rodrigues

Sexual dimorphism and allometry in the sphecophilous rove beetle Triacrus dilatus
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: The rove beetle Triacrus dilatus is found in the Atlantic forest of South America and lives in the refuse piles of the paper wasp Agelaia vicina. Adults of T. dilatus are among the largest rove beetles, frequently measuring over 3 cm, and exhibit remarkable variation in body size. To examine sexual dimorphism and allometric relationships we measured the length of the left mandible, ocular distance and elytra. We were interested in determining if there are quantifiable differences between sexes, if there are major and minor forms within each sex and if males exhibit mandibular allometry. For all variables, a t-test was run to determine if there were significant differences between the sexes. Linear regressions were run to examine if there were significant relationships between the different measurements. A heterogeneity of slopes test was used to determine if there were significant differences between males and females. Our results indicated that males had significantly larger mandibles and ocular distances than females, but the overall body length was not significantly different between the sexes. Unlike most insects, both sexes showed positive linear allometric relationships for mandible length and head size (as measured by the ocular distance). We found no evidence of major and minor forms in either sex.
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Maxwell H. Marlowe
creator: Cheryl A. Murphy
creator: Stylianos Chatzimanolis
subject: Entomology
subject: Evolutionary Studies
subject: Taxonomy
subject: Zoology
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.1123
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2015 Marlowe et al.
abstract: The rove beetle Triacrus dilatus is found in the Atlantic forest of South America and lives in the refuse piles of the paper wasp Agelaia vicina. Adults of T. dilatus are among the largest rove beetles, frequently measuring over 3 cm, and exhibit remarkable variation in body size. To examine sexual dimorphism and allometric relationships we measured the length of the left mandible, ocular distance and elytra. We were interested in determining if there are quantifiable differences between sexes, if there are major and minor forms within each sex and if males exhibit mandibular allometry. For all variables, a t-test was run to determine if there were significant differences between the sexes. Linear regressions were run to examine if there were significant relationships between the different measurements. A heterogeneity of slopes test was used to determine if there were significant differences between males and females. Our results indicated that males had significantly larger mandibles and ocular distances than females, but the overall body length was not significantly different between the sexes. Unlike most insects, both sexes showed positive linear allometric relationships for mandible length and head size (as measured by the ocular distance). We found no evidence of major and minor forms in either sex.
bibliographic citation: Marlowe et al. (2015) Sexual dimorphism and allometry in the sphecophilous rove beetle Triacrus dilatus. PeerJ 3:e1123 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1123
date submitted: 2015-05-27
date accepted: 2015-07-03
issued: 2015-07-28
is part of: PeerJ
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Marlowe
  given name: Maxwell H.
author list: Agent
  family name: Murphy
  given name: Cheryl A.
author list: Agent
  family name: Chatzimanolis
  given name: Stylianos
doi: 10.7717/peerj.1123
volume: 3
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2015-07-28
copyright: © 2015 Marlowe et al.
attribution name: Marlowe et al.

Diagnostic inertia in dyslipidaemia: results of a preventative programme in Spain
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Others have analysed the relationship between inadequate behaviour by healthcare professionals in the diagnosis of dyslipidaemia (diagnostic inertia) and the history of cardiovascular risk factors. However, since no study has assessed cardiovascular risk scores as associated factors, we carried out a study to quantify diagnostic inertia in dyslipidaemia and to determine if cardiovascular risk scores are associated with this inertia. In the Valencian Community (Spain), a preventive programme (cardiovascular, gynaecologic and vaccination) was started in 2003 inviting persons aged ≥40 years to undergo a health check-up at their health centre. This cross-sectional study examined persons with no known dyslipidaemia seen during the first six months of the programme (n = 16, 905) but whose total cholesterol (TC) was ≥5.17 mmol/L. Diagnostic inertia was defined as lack of follow-up to confirm/discard the dyslipidaemia diagnosis. Other variables included in the analysis were gender, history of cardiovascular risk factors/cardiovascular disease, counselling (diet/exercise), body mass index (BMI), age, blood pressure, fasting blood glucose and lipids. TC was grouped as ≥/<6.20 mmol/L. In patients without cardiovascular disease and <75/≤65 years (n = 15, 778/13, 597), the REGICOR (REgistre GIroní del COr)/SCORE (Systematic COronary Risk Evaluation) cardiovascular risk functions were used to classify risk (high/low). Inertia was quantified and the adjusted odds ratios calculated from multivariate models. In the overall sample, the rate of diagnostic inertia was 52% (95% CI [51.2–52.7]); associated factors were TC ≥ 6.20 mmol/L, high or “not measured” BMI, hypertension, smoking and higher values of fasting blood glucose, systolic blood pressure and TC. In the REGICOR sample, the rate of diagnostic inertia was 51.9% (95% CI [51.1–52.7]); associated factors were REGICOR high and high or “not measured” BMI. In the SCORE sample the rate of diagnostic inertia was 51.7% (95% CI [50.9–5…
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Antonio Palazón-Bru
creator: Armina Sepehri
creator: Dolores Ramírez-Prado
creator: Felipe Navarro-Cremades
creator: Ernesto Cortés
creator: Mercedes Rizo-Baeza
creator: Vicente Francisco Gil-Guillén
subject: Diabetes and Endocrinology
subject: Epidemiology
subject: Public Health
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.1109
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2015 Palazón-Bru et al.
abstract: Others have analysed the relationship between inadequate behaviour by healthcare professionals in the diagnosis of dyslipidaemia (diagnostic inertia) and the history of cardiovascular risk factors. However, since no study has assessed cardiovascular risk scores as associated factors, we carried out a study to quantify diagnostic inertia in dyslipidaemia and to determine if cardiovascular risk scores are associated with this inertia. In the Valencian Community (Spain), a preventive programme (cardiovascular, gynaecologic and vaccination) was started in 2003 inviting persons aged ≥40 years to undergo a health check-up at their health centre. This cross-sectional study examined persons with no known dyslipidaemia seen during the first six months of the programme (n = 16, 905) but whose total cholesterol (TC) was ≥5.17 mmol/L. Diagnostic inertia was defined as lack of follow-up to confirm/discard the dyslipidaemia diagnosis. Other variables included in the analysis were gender, history of cardiovascular risk factors/cardiovascular disease, counselling (diet/exercise), body mass index (BMI), age, blood pressure, fasting blood glucose and lipids. TC was grouped as ≥/<6.20 mmol/L. In patients without cardiovascular disease and <75/≤65 years (n = 15, 778/13, 597), the REGICOR (REgistre GIroní del COr)/SCORE (Systematic COronary Risk Evaluation) cardiovascular risk functions were used to classify risk (high/low). Inertia was quantified and the adjusted odds ratios calculated from multivariate models. In the overall sample, the rate of diagnostic inertia was 52% (95% CI [51.2–52.7]); associated factors were TC ≥ 6.20 mmol/L, high or “not measured” BMI, hypertension, smoking and higher values of fasting blood glucose, systolic blood pressure and TC. In the REGICOR sample, the rate of diagnostic inertia was 51.9% (95% CI [51.1–52.7]); associated factors were REGICOR high and high or “not measured” BMI. In the SCORE sample the rate of diagnostic inertia was 51.7% (95% CI [50.9–5…
bibliographic citation: Palazón-Bru et al. (2015) Diagnostic inertia in dyslipidaemia: results of a preventative programme in Spain. PeerJ 3:e1109 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1109
date submitted: 2015-04-21
date accepted: 2015-06-26
issued: 2015-07-28
is part of: PeerJ
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Palazón-Bru
  given name: Antonio
author list: Agent
  family name: Sepehri
  given name: Armina
author list: Agent
  family name: Ramírez-Prado
  given name: Dolores
author list: Agent
  family name: Navarro-Cremades
  given name: Felipe
author list: Agent
  family name: Cortés
  given name: Ernesto
author list: Agent
  family name: Rizo-Baeza
  given name: Mercedes
author list: Agent
  family name: Gil-Guillén
  given name: Vicente Francisco
doi: 10.7717/peerj.1109
volume: 3
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2015-07-28
copyright: © 2015 Palazón-Bru et al.
attribution name: Palazón-Bru et al.

Using affective knowledge to generate and validate a set of emotion-related, action words
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Emotion concepts are built through situated experience. Abstract word meaning is grounded in this affective knowledge, giving words the potential to evoke emotional feelings and reactions (e.g., Vigliocco et al., 2009). In the present work we explore whether words differ in the extent to which they evoke ‘specific’ emotional knowledge. Using a categorical approach, in which an affective ‘context’ is created, it is possible to assess whether words proportionally activate knowledge relevant to different emotional states (e.g., ‘sadness’, ‘anger’, Stevenson, Mikels & James, 2007a). We argue that this method may be particularly effective when assessing the emotional meaning of action words (e.g., Schacht & Sommer, 2009). In study 1 we use a constrained feature generation task to derive a set of action words that participants associated with six, basic emotional states (see full list in Appendix S1). Generation frequencies were taken to indicate the likelihood that the word would evoke emotional knowledge relevant to the state to which it had been paired. In study 2 a rating task was used to assess the strength of association between the six most frequently generated, or ‘typical’, action words and corresponding emotion labels. Participants were presented with a series of sentences, in which action words (typical and atypical) and labels were paired e.g., “If you are feeling ‘sad’ how likely would you be to act in the following way?” … ‘cry.’ Findings suggest that typical associations were robust. Participants always gave higher ratings to typical vs. atypical action word and label pairings, even when (a) rating direction was manipulated (the label or verb appeared first in the sentence), and (b) the typical behaviours were to be performed by the rater themselves, or others. Our findings suggest that emotion-related action words vary in the extent to which they evoke knowledge relevant for different emotional states. When measuring affective grounding, it may then be app…
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Emma Portch
creator: Jelena Havelka
creator: Charity Brown
creator: Roger Giner-Sorolla
subject: Psychiatry and Psychology
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.1100
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2015 Portch et al.
abstract: Emotion concepts are built through situated experience. Abstract word meaning is grounded in this affective knowledge, giving words the potential to evoke emotional feelings and reactions (e.g., Vigliocco et al., 2009). In the present work we explore whether words differ in the extent to which they evoke ‘specific’ emotional knowledge. Using a categorical approach, in which an affective ‘context’ is created, it is possible to assess whether words proportionally activate knowledge relevant to different emotional states (e.g., ‘sadness’, ‘anger’, Stevenson, Mikels & James, 2007a). We argue that this method may be particularly effective when assessing the emotional meaning of action words (e.g., Schacht & Sommer, 2009). In study 1 we use a constrained feature generation task to derive a set of action words that participants associated with six, basic emotional states (see full list in Appendix S1). Generation frequencies were taken to indicate the likelihood that the word would evoke emotional knowledge relevant to the state to which it had been paired. In study 2 a rating task was used to assess the strength of association between the six most frequently generated, or ‘typical’, action words and corresponding emotion labels. Participants were presented with a series of sentences, in which action words (typical and atypical) and labels were paired e.g., “If you are feeling ‘sad’ how likely would you be to act in the following way?” … ‘cry.’ Findings suggest that typical associations were robust. Participants always gave higher ratings to typical vs. atypical action word and label pairings, even when (a) rating direction was manipulated (the label or verb appeared first in the sentence), and (b) the typical behaviours were to be performed by the rater themselves, or others. Our findings suggest that emotion-related action words vary in the extent to which they evoke knowledge relevant for different emotional states. When measuring affective grounding, it may then be app…
bibliographic citation: Portch et al. (2015) Using affective knowledge to generate and validate a set of emotion-related, action words. PeerJ 3:e1100 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1100
date submitted: 2015-03-17
date accepted: 2015-06-22
issued: 2015-07-28
is part of: PeerJ
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Portch
  given name: Emma
author list: Agent
  family name: Havelka
  given name: Jelena
author list: Agent
  family name: Brown
  given name: Charity
author list: Agent
  family name: Giner-Sorolla
  given name: Roger
doi: 10.7717/peerj.1100
volume: 3
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2015-07-28
copyright: © 2015 Portch et al.
attribution name: Portch et al.

Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae–bacteriophage combination from the caecal effluent of a healthy woman
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: A sample of caecal effluent was obtained from a female patient who had undergone a routine colonoscopic examination. Bacteria were isolated anaerobically from the sample, and screened against the remaining filtered caecal effluent in an attempt to isolate bacteriophages (phages). A lytic phage, named KLPN1, was isolated on a strain identified as Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae (capsular type K2, rmpA+). This Siphoviridae phage presents a rosette-like tail tip and exhibits depolymerase activity, as demonstrated by the formation of plaque-surrounding haloes that increased in size over the course of incubation. When screened against a panel of clinical isolates of K. pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae, phage KLPN1 was shown to infect and lyse capsular type K2 strains, though it did not exhibit depolymerase activity on such hosts. The genome of KLPN1 was determined to be 49,037 bp (50.53 %GC) in length, encompassing 73 predicted ORFs, of which 23 represented genes associated with structure, host recognition, packaging, DNA replication and cell lysis. On the basis of sequence analyses, phages KLPN1 (GenBank: KR262148) and 1513 (a member of the family Siphoviridae, GenBank: KP658157) were found to be two new members of the genus “Kp36likevirus.”
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Lesley Hoyles
creator: James Murphy
creator: Horst Neve
creator: Knut J. Heller
creator: Jane F. Turton
creator: Jennifer Mahony
creator: Jeremy D. Sanderson
creator: Barry Hudspith
creator: Glenn R. Gibson
creator: Anne L. McCartney
creator: Douwe van Sinderen
subject: Biodiversity
subject: Ecology
subject: Genomics
subject: Microbiology
subject: Virology
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.1061
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: ©
abstract: A sample of caecal effluent was obtained from a female patient who had undergone a routine colonoscopic examination. Bacteria were isolated anaerobically from the sample, and screened against the remaining filtered caecal effluent in an attempt to isolate bacteriophages (phages). A lytic phage, named KLPN1, was isolated on a strain identified as Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae (capsular type K2, rmpA+). This Siphoviridae phage presents a rosette-like tail tip and exhibits depolymerase activity, as demonstrated by the formation of plaque-surrounding haloes that increased in size over the course of incubation. When screened against a panel of clinical isolates of K. pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae, phage KLPN1 was shown to infect and lyse capsular type K2 strains, though it did not exhibit depolymerase activity on such hosts. The genome of KLPN1 was determined to be 49,037 bp (50.53 %GC) in length, encompassing 73 predicted ORFs, of which 23 represented genes associated with structure, host recognition, packaging, DNA replication and cell lysis. On the basis of sequence analyses, phages KLPN1 (GenBank: KR262148) and 1513 (a member of the family Siphoviridae, GenBank: KP658157) were found to be two new members of the genus “Kp36likevirus.”
bibliographic citation: Hoyles et al. (2015) Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae–bacteriophage combination from the caecal effluent of a healthy woman. PeerJ 3:e1061 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1061
date submitted: 2015-05-03
date accepted: 2015-06-06
issued: 2015-07-28
is part of: PeerJ
license: open-government-licence
author list: Agent
  family name: Hoyles
  given name: Lesley
author list: Agent
  family name: Murphy
  given name: James
author list: Agent
  family name: Neve
  given name: Horst
author list: Agent
  family name: Heller
  given name: Knut J.
author list: Agent
  family name: Turton
  given name: Jane F.
author list: Agent
  family name: Mahony
  given name: Jennifer
author list: Agent
  family name: Sanderson
  given name: Jeremy D.
author list: Agent
  family name: Hudspith
  given name: Barry
author list: Agent
  family name: Gibson
  given name: Glenn R.
author list: Agent
  family name: McCartney
  given name: Anne L.
author list: Agent
  family name: van Sinderen
  given name: Douwe
doi: 10.7717/peerj.1061
volume: 3
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2015-07-28

Early prediction of language and literacy problems: is 18 months too early?
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: There is a lack of stability in language difficulties across early childhood: most late talkers (LTs) resolve their difficulties by pre-school; and a significant number of children who were not LTs subsequently manifest language difficulties. Greater reliability in predicting individual outcomes is needed, which might be achieved by waiting until later in development when language is more stable. At 18 months, productive vocabulary scores on the Oxford Communicative Developmental Inventory were used to classify children as LTs or average talkers (ATs). Thirty matched-pairs of LTs and ATs were followed up at school-age (average age 7 years), when language and literacy outcomes were assessed. For 18 children, intermediate testing at age 4 had classified them as showing typical development (TD) or specific language impairment (SLI). After correcting for multiple comparisons, there were no significant differences between the LTs and ATs on any outcome measure, and the LTs were performing in the average range. However, there were large-sized effects on all outcomes when comparing the TD and SLI groups. LT status on its own is not determinative of language and literacy difficulties. It would therefore not be appropriate to use expressive vocabulary measures alone to screen for language difficulties at 18 months. However, children with language impairment at age 4 are at risk of enduring difficulties.
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Fiona J. Duff
creator: Kate Nation
creator: Kim Plunkett
creator: DVM Bishop
subject: Psychiatry and Psychology
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.1098
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2015 Duff et al.
abstract: There is a lack of stability in language difficulties across early childhood: most late talkers (LTs) resolve their difficulties by pre-school; and a significant number of children who were not LTs subsequently manifest language difficulties. Greater reliability in predicting individual outcomes is needed, which might be achieved by waiting until later in development when language is more stable. At 18 months, productive vocabulary scores on the Oxford Communicative Developmental Inventory were used to classify children as LTs or average talkers (ATs). Thirty matched-pairs of LTs and ATs were followed up at school-age (average age 7 years), when language and literacy outcomes were assessed. For 18 children, intermediate testing at age 4 had classified them as showing typical development (TD) or specific language impairment (SLI). After correcting for multiple comparisons, there were no significant differences between the LTs and ATs on any outcome measure, and the LTs were performing in the average range. However, there were large-sized effects on all outcomes when comparing the TD and SLI groups. LT status on its own is not determinative of language and literacy difficulties. It would therefore not be appropriate to use expressive vocabulary measures alone to screen for language difficulties at 18 months. However, children with language impairment at age 4 are at risk of enduring difficulties.
bibliographic citation: Duff et al. (2015) Early prediction of language and literacy problems: is 18 months too early?. PeerJ 3:e1098 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1098
date submitted: 2014-12-18
date accepted: 2015-06-19
issued: 2015-07-23
is part of: PeerJ
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Duff
  given name: Fiona J.
author list: Agent
  family name: Nation
  given name: Kate
author list: Agent
  family name: Plunkett
  given name: Kim
author list: Agent
  family name: Bishop
  given name: DVM
doi: 10.7717/peerj.1098
volume: 3
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2015-07-23
copyright: © 2015 Duff et al.
attribution name: Duff et al.

A population genetic assessment of coral recovery on highly disturbed reefs of the Keppel Island archipelago in the southern Great Barrier Reef
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Coral reefs surrounding the islands lying close to the coast are unique to the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) in that they are frequently exposed to disturbance events including floods caused by cyclonic rainfall, strong winds and occasional periods of prolonged above-average temperatures during summer. In one such group of islands in the southern GBR, the Keppel Island archipelago, climate-driven disturbances frequently result in major coral mortality. Whilst these island reefs have clearly survived such dramatic disturbances in the past, the consequences of extreme mortality events may include the loss of genetic diversity, and hence adaptive potential, and a reduction in fitness due to inbreeding, especially if new recruitment from external sources is limited. Here we examined the level of isolation of the Keppel Island group as well as patterns of gene flow within the Keppel Islands using 10 microsatellite markers in nine populations of the coral, Acropora millepora. Bayesian cluster analysis and assignment tests indicated gene flow is restricted, but not absent, between the outer and inner Keppel Island groups, and that extensive gene flow exists within each of these island groups. Comparison of the Keppel Island data with results from a previous GBR-wide study that included a single Keppel Island population, confirmed that A. millepora in the Keppel Islands is genetically distinct from populations elsewhere on the GBR, with exception of the nearby inshore High Peak Reef just north of the Keppel Islands. We compared patterns of genetic diversity in the Keppel Island populations with those from other GBR populations and found them to be slightly, but significantly lower, consistent with the archipelago being geographically isolated, but there was no evidence for recent bottlenecks or deviation from mutation-drift equilibrium. A high incidence of private alleles in the Keppel Islands, particularly in the outer islands, supports their relative isolation and contributes …
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Madeleine J.H. van Oppen
creator: Vimoksalehi Lukoschek
creator: Ray Berkelmans
creator: Lesa M. Peplow
creator: Alison M. Jones
subject: Ecology
subject: Genetics
subject: Marine Biology
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.1092
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2015 van Oppen et al.
abstract: Coral reefs surrounding the islands lying close to the coast are unique to the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) in that they are frequently exposed to disturbance events including floods caused by cyclonic rainfall, strong winds and occasional periods of prolonged above-average temperatures during summer. In one such group of islands in the southern GBR, the Keppel Island archipelago, climate-driven disturbances frequently result in major coral mortality. Whilst these island reefs have clearly survived such dramatic disturbances in the past, the consequences of extreme mortality events may include the loss of genetic diversity, and hence adaptive potential, and a reduction in fitness due to inbreeding, especially if new recruitment from external sources is limited. Here we examined the level of isolation of the Keppel Island group as well as patterns of gene flow within the Keppel Islands using 10 microsatellite markers in nine populations of the coral, Acropora millepora. Bayesian cluster analysis and assignment tests indicated gene flow is restricted, but not absent, between the outer and inner Keppel Island groups, and that extensive gene flow exists within each of these island groups. Comparison of the Keppel Island data with results from a previous GBR-wide study that included a single Keppel Island population, confirmed that A. millepora in the Keppel Islands is genetically distinct from populations elsewhere on the GBR, with exception of the nearby inshore High Peak Reef just north of the Keppel Islands. We compared patterns of genetic diversity in the Keppel Island populations with those from other GBR populations and found them to be slightly, but significantly lower, consistent with the archipelago being geographically isolated, but there was no evidence for recent bottlenecks or deviation from mutation-drift equilibrium. A high incidence of private alleles in the Keppel Islands, particularly in the outer islands, supports their relative isolation and contributes …
bibliographic citation: van Oppen et al. (2015) A population genetic assessment of coral recovery on highly disturbed reefs of the Keppel Island archipelago in the southern Great Barrier Reef. PeerJ 3:e1092 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1092
date submitted: 2015-05-29
date accepted: 2015-06-18
issued: 2015-07-23
is part of: PeerJ
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: van Oppen
  given name: Madeleine J.H.
author list: Agent
  family name: Lukoschek
  given name: Vimoksalehi
author list: Agent
  family name: Berkelmans
  given name: Ray
author list: Agent
  family name: Peplow
  given name: Lesa M.
author list: Agent
  family name: Jones
  given name: Alison M.
doi: 10.7717/peerj.1092
volume: 3
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2015-07-23
copyright: © 2015 van Oppen et al.
attribution name: van Oppen et al.

PeerJ
type: Periodical
uri: PeerJ
issn: 2167-8359