PeerJ
type: channel
link: https://peerj.com/articles/
description: Articles published in PeerJ
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
publication name: PeerJ
issn: 2167-8359
items: An overview on the interplay between nutraceuticals and gut microbiota
items: Establishment and quality evaluation of a glioma biobank in Beijing Tiantan Hospital
items: Spatial–temporal trend for mother-to-child transmission of HIV up to infancy and during pre-Option B+ in western Kenya, 2007–13
items: Strong genetic differentiation in tropical seagrass Enhalus acoroides (Hydrocharitaceae) at the Indo-Malay Archipelago revealed by microsatellite DNA
items: Repetitive low intensity magnetic field stimulation in a neuronal cell line: a metabolomics study
items: Prognostic value of new-onset right bundle-branch block in acute myocardial infarction patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
items: Chloropid flies (Diptera, Chloropidae) associated with pitcher plants in North America
items: Clinical impact of albumin in advanced head and neck cancer patients with free flap reconstruction—a retrospective study
items: The anatomy of the foveola reinvestigated
items: Change in skeletal muscle stiffness after running competition is dependent on both running distance and recovery time: a pilot study

An overview on the interplay between nutraceuticals and gut microbiota
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Background Nowadays, growing attention was being given to the alternative ways to prevent or treat diseases. Nutraceuticals are used increasingly for this purpose. Many of these are being used as alternative therapy. Classic therapy with synthetic drugs, although very effective, has many side effects. The term “nutraceuticals” refers to the link between the nutritional and pharmaceutical domains. Also, lately, many studies have been done to investigate the role of microbiota in maintaining health. There is the hypothesis that some of the health benefits of nutraceuticals are due to their ability to change the microbiota. The aim of this review was to emphasize the link between the most commonly used nutraceuticals, the microbiota and the health benefits. Methods We selected the articles in PubMed, published up to July 2017, that provided information about most used nutraceuticals, microbiota and health benefits. In this review, we incorporate evidence from various types of studies, including observational, in vitro and in vivo, clinical studies or animal experiments. Results The results demonstrate that many nutraceuticals change the composition of microbiota and can interfere with health status of the patients. Discussion There is evidence which sustains the importance of nutraceuticals in people’s health through microbiota but further studies are needed to complete the assessment of nutraceuticals in health benefit as a consequence of microbiota’s changing.
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Adrian Catinean
creator: Maria Adriana Neag
creator: Dana Maria Muntean
creator: Ioana Corina Bocsan
creator: Anca Dana Buzoianu
subject: Plant Science
subject: Nutrition
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.4465
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2018 Catinean et al.
abstract: Background Nowadays, growing attention was being given to the alternative ways to prevent or treat diseases. Nutraceuticals are used increasingly for this purpose. Many of these are being used as alternative therapy. Classic therapy with synthetic drugs, although very effective, has many side effects. The term “nutraceuticals” refers to the link between the nutritional and pharmaceutical domains. Also, lately, many studies have been done to investigate the role of microbiota in maintaining health. There is the hypothesis that some of the health benefits of nutraceuticals are due to their ability to change the microbiota. The aim of this review was to emphasize the link between the most commonly used nutraceuticals, the microbiota and the health benefits. Methods We selected the articles in PubMed, published up to July 2017, that provided information about most used nutraceuticals, microbiota and health benefits. In this review, we incorporate evidence from various types of studies, including observational, in vitro and in vivo, clinical studies or animal experiments. Results The results demonstrate that many nutraceuticals change the composition of microbiota and can interfere with health status of the patients. Discussion There is evidence which sustains the importance of nutraceuticals in people’s health through microbiota but further studies are needed to complete the assessment of nutraceuticals in health benefit as a consequence of microbiota’s changing.
bibliographic citation: Catinean et al. (2018) An overview on the interplay between nutraceuticals and gut microbiota. PeerJ 6:e4465 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4465
date submitted: 2017-12-11
date accepted: 2018-02-15
issued: 2018-03-13
is part of: PeerJ
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Catinean
  given name: Adrian
author list: Agent
  family name: Neag
  given name: Maria Adriana
author list: Agent
  family name: Muntean
  given name: Dana Maria
author list: Agent
  family name: Bocsan
  given name: Ioana Corina
author list: Agent
  family name: Buzoianu
  given name: Anca Dana
doi: 10.7717/peerj.4465
volume: 6
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2018-03-13
copyright: ©2018 Catinean et al.
attribution name: Catinean et al.

Establishment and quality evaluation of a glioma biobank in Beijing Tiantan Hospital
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Background We established a glioma biobank at Beijing Tiantan Hospital in November, 2010. Specialized residents have been trained to collect, store and manage the biobank in accordance with standard operating procedures. Methods One hundred samples were selected to evaluate the quality of glioma samples stored in the liquid nitrogen tank during different periods (from 2011 to 2015) by morphological examination, RNA integrity determination, DNA integrity determination and housekeeping gene expression determination. Results The majority of samples (95%) had high RNA quality for further analysis with RIN ≥6. Quality of DNA of all samples were stable without significant degradation. Conclusion Storage conditions of our biobank are suitable for long-term (at least five years) sample preservation with high molecular quality.
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creator: Fanhong Kong
creator: Wenli Zhang
creator: Lin Qiao
creator: Qi Li
creator: Haowen Li
creator: Jingli Cao
creator: Wenyan He
creator: Chengya Dong
creator: Yanjiao He
creator: Lu He
creator: Li Liu
creator: Weilun Fu
creator: Lijun Liu
creator: Zirui Li
creator: Yajie Wang
subject: Neurology
subject: Oncology
subject: Translational Medicine
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.4450
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2018 Kong et al.
abstract: Background We established a glioma biobank at Beijing Tiantan Hospital in November, 2010. Specialized residents have been trained to collect, store and manage the biobank in accordance with standard operating procedures. Methods One hundred samples were selected to evaluate the quality of glioma samples stored in the liquid nitrogen tank during different periods (from 2011 to 2015) by morphological examination, RNA integrity determination, DNA integrity determination and housekeeping gene expression determination. Results The majority of samples (95%) had high RNA quality for further analysis with RIN ≥6. Quality of DNA of all samples were stable without significant degradation. Conclusion Storage conditions of our biobank are suitable for long-term (at least five years) sample preservation with high molecular quality.
bibliographic citation: Kong et al. (2018) Establishment and quality evaluation of a glioma biobank in Beijing Tiantan Hospital. PeerJ 6:e4450 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4450
date submitted: 2017-07-13
date accepted: 2018-02-13
issued: 2018-03-13
is part of: PeerJ
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Kong
  given name: Fanhong
author list: Agent
  family name: Zhang
  given name: Wenli
author list: Agent
  family name: Qiao
  given name: Lin
author list: Agent
  family name: Li
  given name: Qi
author list: Agent
  family name: Li
  given name: Haowen
author list: Agent
  family name: Cao
  given name: Jingli
author list: Agent
  family name: He
  given name: Wenyan
author list: Agent
  family name: Dong
  given name: Chengya
author list: Agent
  family name: He
  given name: Yanjiao
author list: Agent
  family name: He
  given name: Lu
author list: Agent
  family name: Liu
  given name: Li
author list: Agent
  family name: Fu
  given name: Weilun
author list: Agent
  family name: Liu
  given name: Lijun
author list: Agent
  family name: Li
  given name: Zirui
author list: Agent
  family name: Wang
  given name: Yajie
doi: 10.7717/peerj.4450
volume: 6
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2018-03-13
copyright: ©2018 Kong et al.
attribution name: Kong et al.

Spatial–temporal trend for mother-to-child transmission of HIV up to infancy and during pre-Option B+ in western Kenya, 2007–13
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Introduction Using spatial–temporal analyses to understand coverage and trends in elimination of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (e-MTCT) efforts may be helpful in ensuring timely services are delivered to the right place. We present spatial–temporal analysis of seven years of HIV early infant diagnosis (EID) data collected from 12 districts in western Kenya from January 2007 to November 2013, during pre-Option B+ use. Methods We included in the analysis infants up to one year old. We performed trend analysis using extended Cochran–Mantel–Haenszel stratified test and logistic regression models to examine trends and associations of infant HIV status at first diagnosis with: early diagnosis (<8 weeks after birth), age at specimen collection, infant ever having breastfed, use of single dose nevirapine, and maternal antiretroviral therapy status. We examined these covariates and fitted spatial and spatial–temporal semiparametric Poisson regression models to explain HIV-infection rates using R-integrated nested Laplace approximation package. We calculated new infections per 100,000 live births and used Quantum GIS to map fitted MTCT estimates for each district in Nyanza region. Results Median age was two months, interquartile range 1.5–5.8 months. Unadjusted pooled positive rate was 11.8% in the seven-years period and declined from 19.7% in 2007 to 7.0% in 2013, p < 0.01. Uptake of testing ≤8 weeks after birth was under 50% in 2007 and increased to 64.1% by 2013, p < 0.01. By 2013, the overall standardized MTCT rate was 447 infections per 100,000 live births. Based on Bayesian deviance information criterion comparisons, the spatial–temporal model with maternal and infant covariates was best in explaining geographical variation in MTCT. Discussion Improved EID uptake and reduced MTCT rates are indicators of progress towards e-MTCT. Cojoined analysis of time and covariates in a spatial context provides a robust approach for explaining differences in programmatic impact…
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Anthony Waruru
creator: Thomas N.O. Achia
creator: Hellen Muttai
creator: Lucy Ng’ang’a
creator: Emily Zielinski-Gutierrez
creator: Boniface Ochanda
creator: Abraham Katana
creator: Peter W. Young
creator: James L. Tobias
creator: Peter Juma
creator: Kevin M. De Cock
creator: Thorkild Tylleskär
subject: Epidemiology
subject: HIV
subject: Pediatrics
subject: Public Health
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.4427
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2018 Waruru et al.
abstract: Introduction Using spatial–temporal analyses to understand coverage and trends in elimination of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (e-MTCT) efforts may be helpful in ensuring timely services are delivered to the right place. We present spatial–temporal analysis of seven years of HIV early infant diagnosis (EID) data collected from 12 districts in western Kenya from January 2007 to November 2013, during pre-Option B+ use. Methods We included in the analysis infants up to one year old. We performed trend analysis using extended Cochran–Mantel–Haenszel stratified test and logistic regression models to examine trends and associations of infant HIV status at first diagnosis with: early diagnosis (<8 weeks after birth), age at specimen collection, infant ever having breastfed, use of single dose nevirapine, and maternal antiretroviral therapy status. We examined these covariates and fitted spatial and spatial–temporal semiparametric Poisson regression models to explain HIV-infection rates using R-integrated nested Laplace approximation package. We calculated new infections per 100,000 live births and used Quantum GIS to map fitted MTCT estimates for each district in Nyanza region. Results Median age was two months, interquartile range 1.5–5.8 months. Unadjusted pooled positive rate was 11.8% in the seven-years period and declined from 19.7% in 2007 to 7.0% in 2013, p < 0.01. Uptake of testing ≤8 weeks after birth was under 50% in 2007 and increased to 64.1% by 2013, p < 0.01. By 2013, the overall standardized MTCT rate was 447 infections per 100,000 live births. Based on Bayesian deviance information criterion comparisons, the spatial–temporal model with maternal and infant covariates was best in explaining geographical variation in MTCT. Discussion Improved EID uptake and reduced MTCT rates are indicators of progress towards e-MTCT. Cojoined analysis of time and covariates in a spatial context provides a robust approach for explaining differences in programmatic impact…
bibliographic citation: Waruru et al. (2018) Spatial–temporal trend for mother-to-child transmission of HIV up to infancy and during pre-Option B+ in western Kenya, 2007–13. PeerJ 6:e4427 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4427
date submitted: 2017-11-17
date accepted: 2018-02-08
issued: 2018-03-13
is part of: PeerJ
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Waruru
  given name: Anthony
author list: Agent
  family name: Achia
  given name: Thomas N.O.
author list: Agent
  family name: Muttai
  given name: Hellen
author list: Agent
  family name: Ng’ang’a
  given name: Lucy
author list: Agent
  family name: Zielinski-Gutierrez
  given name: Emily
author list: Agent
  family name: Ochanda
  given name: Boniface
author list: Agent
  family name: Katana
  given name: Abraham
author list: Agent
  family name: Young
  given name: Peter W.
author list: Agent
  family name: Tobias
  given name: James L.
author list: Agent
  family name: Juma
  given name: Peter
author list: Agent
  family name: De Cock
  given name: Kevin M.
author list: Agent
  family name: Tylleskär
  given name: Thorkild
doi: 10.7717/peerj.4427
volume: 6
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2018-03-13
copyright: © 2018 Waruru et al.
attribution name: Waruru et al.

Strong genetic differentiation in tropical seagrass Enhalus acoroides (Hydrocharitaceae) at the Indo-Malay Archipelago revealed by microsatellite DNA
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: The Indo-Malay Archipelago is regarded as a barrier that separates organisms of the Indian and Pacific Oceans. Previous studies of marine biota from this region have found a variety of biogeographic barriers, seemingly dependent on taxon and methodology. Several hypotheses, such as emergence of the Sunda Shelf and recent physical oceanography, have been proposed to account for the genetic structuring of marine organisms in this region. Here, we used six microsatellite loci to infer genetic diversity, population differentiation and phylogeographic patterns of Enhalus acoroides across the Indo-Malay Archipelago. Heterozygosities were consistently high, and significant isolation-by-distance, consistent with restricted gene flow, was observed. Both a neighbour joining tree based on DA distance and Bayesian clustering revealed three major clusters of E. acoroides. Our results indicate that phylogeographic patterns of E. acoroides have possibly been influenced by glaciation and deglaciation during the Pleistocene. Recent physical oceanography such as the South Java Current and the Seasonally Reversing Current may also play a role in shaping the genetic patterns of E. acoroides.
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: I Nyoman Giri Putra
creator: Yuliana Fitri Syamsuni
creator: Beginer Subhan
creator: Made Pharmawati
creator: Hawis Madduppa
subject: Biodiversity
subject: Ecology
subject: Environmental Sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Marine Biology
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.4315
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2018 Putra et al.
abstract: The Indo-Malay Archipelago is regarded as a barrier that separates organisms of the Indian and Pacific Oceans. Previous studies of marine biota from this region have found a variety of biogeographic barriers, seemingly dependent on taxon and methodology. Several hypotheses, such as emergence of the Sunda Shelf and recent physical oceanography, have been proposed to account for the genetic structuring of marine organisms in this region. Here, we used six microsatellite loci to infer genetic diversity, population differentiation and phylogeographic patterns of Enhalus acoroides across the Indo-Malay Archipelago. Heterozygosities were consistently high, and significant isolation-by-distance, consistent with restricted gene flow, was observed. Both a neighbour joining tree based on DA distance and Bayesian clustering revealed three major clusters of E. acoroides. Our results indicate that phylogeographic patterns of E. acoroides have possibly been influenced by glaciation and deglaciation during the Pleistocene. Recent physical oceanography such as the South Java Current and the Seasonally Reversing Current may also play a role in shaping the genetic patterns of E. acoroides.
bibliographic citation: Putra et al. (2018) Strong genetic differentiation in tropical seagrass Enhalus acoroides (Hydrocharitaceae) at the Indo-Malay Archipelago revealed by microsatellite DNA. PeerJ 6:e4315 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4315
date submitted: 2016-05-17
date accepted: 2018-01-11
issued: 2018-03-13
is part of: PeerJ
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Putra
  given name: I Nyoman Giri
author list: Agent
  family name: Syamsuni
  given name: Yuliana Fitri
author list: Agent
  family name: Subhan
  given name: Beginer
author list: Agent
  family name: Pharmawati
  given name: Made
author list: Agent
  family name: Madduppa
  given name: Hawis
doi: 10.7717/peerj.4315
volume: 6
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2018-03-13
copyright: ©2018 Putra et al.
attribution name: Putra et al.

Repetitive low intensity magnetic field stimulation in a neuronal cell line: a metabolomics study
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Low intensity repetitive magnetic stimulation of neural tissue modulates neuronal excitability and has promising therapeutic potential in the treatment of neurological disorders. However, the underpinning cellular and biochemical mechanisms remain poorly understood. This study investigates the behavioural effects of low intensity repetitive magnetic stimulation (LI-rMS) at a cellular and biochemical level. We delivered LI-rMS (10 mT) at 1 Hz and 10 Hz to B50 rat neuroblastoma cells in vitro for 10 minutes and measured levels of selected metabolites immediately after stimulation. LI-rMS at both frequencies depleted selected tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle metabolites without affecting the main energy supplies. Furthermore, LI-rMS effects were frequency-specific with 1 Hz stimulation having stronger effects than 10 Hz. The observed depletion of metabolites suggested that higher spontaneous activity may have led to an increase in GABA release. Although the absence of organised neural circuits and other cellular contributors (e.g., excitatory neurons and glia) in the B50 cell line limits the degree to which our results can be extrapolated to the human brain, the changes we describe provide novel insights into how LI-rMS modulates neural tissue.
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format: text/html
creator: Ivan Hong
creator: Andrew Garrett
creator: Garth Maker
creator: Ian Mullaney
creator: Jennifer Rodger
creator: Sarah J. Etherington
subject: Biochemistry
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.4501
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2018 Hong et al.
abstract: Low intensity repetitive magnetic stimulation of neural tissue modulates neuronal excitability and has promising therapeutic potential in the treatment of neurological disorders. However, the underpinning cellular and biochemical mechanisms remain poorly understood. This study investigates the behavioural effects of low intensity repetitive magnetic stimulation (LI-rMS) at a cellular and biochemical level. We delivered LI-rMS (10 mT) at 1 Hz and 10 Hz to B50 rat neuroblastoma cells in vitro for 10 minutes and measured levels of selected metabolites immediately after stimulation. LI-rMS at both frequencies depleted selected tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle metabolites without affecting the main energy supplies. Furthermore, LI-rMS effects were frequency-specific with 1 Hz stimulation having stronger effects than 10 Hz. The observed depletion of metabolites suggested that higher spontaneous activity may have led to an increase in GABA release. Although the absence of organised neural circuits and other cellular contributors (e.g., excitatory neurons and glia) in the B50 cell line limits the degree to which our results can be extrapolated to the human brain, the changes we describe provide novel insights into how LI-rMS modulates neural tissue.
bibliographic citation: Hong et al. (2018) Repetitive low intensity magnetic field stimulation in a neuronal cell line: a metabolomics study. PeerJ 6:e4501 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4501
date submitted: 2018-01-18
date accepted: 2018-02-21
issued: 2018-03-12
is part of: PeerJ
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Hong
  given name: Ivan
author list: Agent
  family name: Garrett
  given name: Andrew
author list: Agent
  family name: Maker
  given name: Garth
author list: Agent
  family name: Mullaney
  given name: Ian
author list: Agent
  family name: Rodger
  given name: Jennifer
author list: Agent
  family name: Etherington
  given name: Sarah J.
doi: 10.7717/peerj.4501
volume: 6
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2018-03-12
copyright: ©2018 Hong et al.
attribution name: Hong et al.

Prognostic value of new-onset right bundle-branch block in acute myocardial infarction patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Background Patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and bundle-branch block have poor prognoses. The new European Society of Cardiology guideline suggests a primary percutaneous coronary intervention strategy when persistent ischemic symptoms occur in patients with persistent ischemic symptoms and right bundle-branch block (RBBB), but the level of evidence is not high. In fact, the presence of RBBB may lead to the misdiagnosis of transmural ischemia and mask the early diagnosis of ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Moreover, new-onset RBBB is occasionally caused by AMI. Our study aims to investigate the prognostic value of new-onset RBBB in AMI. Methods and Results We conducted a meta-analysis of studies to evaluate the prognostic value of RBBB in AMI patients. Of 914 primary records, five studies and 874 MI patients were included for meta-analysis. Compared with previous RBBB, AMI patients with new-onset RBBB had a higher risk of long-term mortality (RR, 1.66, 95% CI [1.31–2.09], I2 = 0.0%, p = 0.000, n = 2), ventricular arrhythmia (RR, 4.86, 95% CI [2.10–11.27], I2 = 0.0%, p = 0.000, n = 3), and cardiogenic shock (RR, 2.76, 95% CI [1.66–4.59], I2 = 0.0%, p = 0.000, n = 3), but a lower risk of heart failure (RR, 0.66, 95% CI [0.52–0.85], I2 = 2.50%, p = 0.001, n = 4). Compared with AMI patients with new-onset permanent RBBB, patients with new-onset transient RBBB had a lower risk of short-term mortality (RR, 0.20, 95% CI [0.11–0.37], I2 = 44.1%, p = 0.000, n = 4). Conclusion New-onset RBBB is likely to increase long-term mortality, ventricular arrhythmia, and cardiogenic shock, but not heart failure in AMI patients. AMI patients with new-onset transient RBBB have a lower risk of short-term mortality than those with new-onset permanent RBBB. Revascularization therapies should be considered when persistent ischemic symptoms occur in patients with RBBB, especially new-onset RBBB.
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Juntao Wang
creator: Hongxing Luo
creator: Chunling Kong
creator: Shujuan Dong
creator: Jingchao Li
creator: Haijia Yu
creator: Yingjie Chu
subject: Cardiology
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.4497
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2018 Wang et al.
abstract: Background Patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and bundle-branch block have poor prognoses. The new European Society of Cardiology guideline suggests a primary percutaneous coronary intervention strategy when persistent ischemic symptoms occur in patients with persistent ischemic symptoms and right bundle-branch block (RBBB), but the level of evidence is not high. In fact, the presence of RBBB may lead to the misdiagnosis of transmural ischemia and mask the early diagnosis of ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Moreover, new-onset RBBB is occasionally caused by AMI. Our study aims to investigate the prognostic value of new-onset RBBB in AMI. Methods and Results We conducted a meta-analysis of studies to evaluate the prognostic value of RBBB in AMI patients. Of 914 primary records, five studies and 874 MI patients were included for meta-analysis. Compared with previous RBBB, AMI patients with new-onset RBBB had a higher risk of long-term mortality (RR, 1.66, 95% CI [1.31–2.09], I2 = 0.0%, p = 0.000, n = 2), ventricular arrhythmia (RR, 4.86, 95% CI [2.10–11.27], I2 = 0.0%, p = 0.000, n = 3), and cardiogenic shock (RR, 2.76, 95% CI [1.66–4.59], I2 = 0.0%, p = 0.000, n = 3), but a lower risk of heart failure (RR, 0.66, 95% CI [0.52–0.85], I2 = 2.50%, p = 0.001, n = 4). Compared with AMI patients with new-onset permanent RBBB, patients with new-onset transient RBBB had a lower risk of short-term mortality (RR, 0.20, 95% CI [0.11–0.37], I2 = 44.1%, p = 0.000, n = 4). Conclusion New-onset RBBB is likely to increase long-term mortality, ventricular arrhythmia, and cardiogenic shock, but not heart failure in AMI patients. AMI patients with new-onset transient RBBB have a lower risk of short-term mortality than those with new-onset permanent RBBB. Revascularization therapies should be considered when persistent ischemic symptoms occur in patients with RBBB, especially new-onset RBBB.
bibliographic citation: Wang et al. (2018) Prognostic value of new-onset right bundle-branch block in acute myocardial infarction patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PeerJ 6:e4497 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4497
date submitted: 2017-11-16
date accepted: 2018-02-22
issued: 2018-03-12
is part of: PeerJ
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Wang
  given name: Juntao
author list: Agent
  family name: Luo
  given name: Hongxing
author list: Agent
  family name: Kong
  given name: Chunling
author list: Agent
  family name: Dong
  given name: Shujuan
author list: Agent
  family name: Li
  given name: Jingchao
author list: Agent
  family name: Yu
  given name: Haijia
author list: Agent
  family name: Chu
  given name: Yingjie
doi: 10.7717/peerj.4497
volume: 6
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2018-03-12
copyright: © 2018 Wang et al.
attribution name: Wang et al.

Chloropid flies (Diptera, Chloropidae) associated with pitcher plants in North America
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: We review the taxonomy and ecology of Chloropidae (Diptera) associated with pitcher plants (Sarraceniaceae) in North America. Tricimba wheeleri Mlynarek sp.n. is described from the pitchers of Sarracenia alata Alph.Wood and S. leucophylla Raf. in the southeastern United States (Alabama, Mississippi). Aphanotrigonum darlingtoniae (Jones) associated with Darlingtonia californica Torr. in northern California is redescribed, including the first description of male genitalic characters. A lectotype is designated for A. darlingtoniae. Published records of other species of Tricimba Lioy in pitcher plants in North America are considered accidental or facultative occurrences; published records of Aphanotrigonum Duda as pitcher plant associates in eastern North America are probably errors in identification.
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Julia J. Mlynarek
creator: Terry A. Wheeler
subject: Ecology
subject: Entomology
subject: Taxonomy
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.4491
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2018 Mlynarek and Wheeler
abstract: We review the taxonomy and ecology of Chloropidae (Diptera) associated with pitcher plants (Sarraceniaceae) in North America. Tricimba wheeleri Mlynarek sp.n. is described from the pitchers of Sarracenia alata Alph.Wood and S. leucophylla Raf. in the southeastern United States (Alabama, Mississippi). Aphanotrigonum darlingtoniae (Jones) associated with Darlingtonia californica Torr. in northern California is redescribed, including the first description of male genitalic characters. A lectotype is designated for A. darlingtoniae. Published records of other species of Tricimba Lioy in pitcher plants in North America are considered accidental or facultative occurrences; published records of Aphanotrigonum Duda as pitcher plant associates in eastern North America are probably errors in identification.
bibliographic citation: Mlynarek et al. (2018) Chloropid flies (Diptera, Chloropidae) associated with pitcher plants in North America. PeerJ 6:e4491 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4491
date submitted: 2018-01-22
date accepted: 2018-02-21
issued: 2018-03-12
is part of: PeerJ
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Mlynarek
  given name: Julia J.
author list: Agent
  family name: Wheeler
  given name: Terry A.
doi: 10.7717/peerj.4491
volume: 6
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2018-03-12
copyright: ©2018 Mlynarek and Wheeler
attribution name: Mlynarek and Wheeler

Clinical impact of albumin in advanced head and neck cancer patients with free flap reconstruction—a retrospective study
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Background Poor nutritional status among patients with advanced stage head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is common. Albumin is a common indicator of nutritional status and has been shown to be a predictor of oncological outcomes and perioperative morbidity. This study aims to determine the prognostic value of the serum albumin level among patients with advanced HNSCC undergoing surgery with simultaneous free flap reconstruction. Methods A total of 233 patients with advanced head and neck cancer undergoing tumor resection and immediate microvascular free flap reconstruction in a tertiary referral center were enrolled retrospectively between January 2009 and December 2011. Statistical analyses including Pearson’s chi-squared test were used to determine whether there was a significant difference between each selected clinical factors and postoperative major wound infection. Multiple regression analysis was performed to reveal the relationship between postoperative major wound infection and clinical factors. Kaplan–Meier curves and multivariate Cox regression were applied to analyse survival outcome for overall survival (OS), disease-specific survival (DSS) and disease-free survival (DFS). Results Postoperative serum albumin level (p < 0.001) and tumor location were both significantly associated with postoperative major wound infection (p = 0.018) in univariate analysis. Multiple regression analysis showed a higher risk of postoperative major wound infection among patients with postoperative hypoalbuminemia than in their counterparts (odds ratio [OR] 9.811, 95% CI [2.288–42.065], p = 0.002). Patients with a tumor located over the hypopharynx experienced increased risk of postoperative major wound infection (OR 2.591, 95% CI [1.095–6.129], p = 0.030). With respect to oncological outcomes, preoperative serum albumin level is a significant independent prognostic factor for overall survival (OS), disease-specific survival (DSS) and disease-free survival (DFS). Co…
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Ming-Hsien Tsai
creator: Hui-Ching Chuang
creator: Yu-Tsai Lin
creator: Hui Lu
creator: Wei-Chih Chen
creator: Fu-Min Fang
creator: Chih-Yen Chien
subject: Oncology
subject: Otorhinolaryngology
subject: Surgery and Surgical Specialties
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.4490
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2018 Tsai et al.
abstract: Background Poor nutritional status among patients with advanced stage head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is common. Albumin is a common indicator of nutritional status and has been shown to be a predictor of oncological outcomes and perioperative morbidity. This study aims to determine the prognostic value of the serum albumin level among patients with advanced HNSCC undergoing surgery with simultaneous free flap reconstruction. Methods A total of 233 patients with advanced head and neck cancer undergoing tumor resection and immediate microvascular free flap reconstruction in a tertiary referral center were enrolled retrospectively between January 2009 and December 2011. Statistical analyses including Pearson’s chi-squared test were used to determine whether there was a significant difference between each selected clinical factors and postoperative major wound infection. Multiple regression analysis was performed to reveal the relationship between postoperative major wound infection and clinical factors. Kaplan–Meier curves and multivariate Cox regression were applied to analyse survival outcome for overall survival (OS), disease-specific survival (DSS) and disease-free survival (DFS). Results Postoperative serum albumin level (p < 0.001) and tumor location were both significantly associated with postoperative major wound infection (p = 0.018) in univariate analysis. Multiple regression analysis showed a higher risk of postoperative major wound infection among patients with postoperative hypoalbuminemia than in their counterparts (odds ratio [OR] 9.811, 95% CI [2.288–42.065], p = 0.002). Patients with a tumor located over the hypopharynx experienced increased risk of postoperative major wound infection (OR 2.591, 95% CI [1.095–6.129], p = 0.030). With respect to oncological outcomes, preoperative serum albumin level is a significant independent prognostic factor for overall survival (OS), disease-specific survival (DSS) and disease-free survival (DFS). Co…
bibliographic citation: Tsai et al. (2018) Clinical impact of albumin in advanced head and neck cancer patients with free flap reconstruction—a retrospective study. PeerJ 6:e4490 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4490
date submitted: 2017-12-07
date accepted: 2018-02-21
issued: 2018-03-12
is part of: PeerJ
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Tsai
  given name: Ming-Hsien
author list: Agent
  family name: Chuang
  given name: Hui-Ching
author list: Agent
  family name: Lin
  given name: Yu-Tsai
author list: Agent
  family name: Lu
  given name: Hui
author list: Agent
  family name: Chen
  given name: Wei-Chih
author list: Agent
  family name: Fang
  given name: Fu-Min
author list: Agent
  family name: Chien
  given name: Chih-Yen
doi: 10.7717/peerj.4490
volume: 6
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2018-03-12
copyright: ©2018 Tsai et al.
attribution name: Tsai et al.

The anatomy of the foveola reinvestigated
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Objective In the foveola of the eye, photoreceptors and Müller cells with a unique morphology have been described, but little is known about their 3D structure and orientation. Considering that there is an angle-dependent change in the foveolar photoreceptor response for the same light beam, known as the Stiles Crawford Effect of the first kind (SCE I), which is still not fully understood, a detailed analysis of the anatomy of the foveolar cells might help to clarify this phenomenon. Methods Serial semithin and ultrathin sections, and focused ion beam (FIB) tomography were prepared from 32 foveolae from monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) and humans. Foveolae were also analyzed under the electron microscope. Serial sections and FIB analysis were then used to construct 3D models of central Müller and photoreceptor cells. In addition, we measured the transmission of collimated light under the light microscope at different angles after it had passed through human foveae from flat mounted isolated retinae. Results In monkeys, outer segments of central foveolar cones are twice as long as those from parafoveal cones and do not run completely parallel to the incident light. Unique Müller cells are present in the central foveolae (area of 200 µm in diameter) of humans and monkeys. Light entering the fovea center, which is composed only of cones and Müller cells, at an angle of 0° causes a very bright spot after passing through this area. However, when the angle of the light beam is changed to 10°, less light is measured after transpasssing through the retina, the foveolar center becomes darker and the SCE-like phenomenon is directly visible. Measurements of the intensities of light transmission through the central foveola for the incident angles 0 and 10° resemble the relative luminance efficiency for narrow light bundles as a function of the location where the beam enters the pupil as reported by Stiles and Crawford. The effect persisted after carefully brushing away the outer s…
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Alexander V. Tschulakow
creator: Theo Oltrup
creator: Thomas Bende
creator: Sebastian Schmelzle
creator: Ulrich Schraermeyer
subject: Biophysics
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Anatomy and Physiology
subject: Ophthalmology
subject: Histology
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.4482
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2018 Tschulakow et al.
abstract: Objective In the foveola of the eye, photoreceptors and Müller cells with a unique morphology have been described, but little is known about their 3D structure and orientation. Considering that there is an angle-dependent change in the foveolar photoreceptor response for the same light beam, known as the Stiles Crawford Effect of the first kind (SCE I), which is still not fully understood, a detailed analysis of the anatomy of the foveolar cells might help to clarify this phenomenon. Methods Serial semithin and ultrathin sections, and focused ion beam (FIB) tomography were prepared from 32 foveolae from monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) and humans. Foveolae were also analyzed under the electron microscope. Serial sections and FIB analysis were then used to construct 3D models of central Müller and photoreceptor cells. In addition, we measured the transmission of collimated light under the light microscope at different angles after it had passed through human foveae from flat mounted isolated retinae. Results In monkeys, outer segments of central foveolar cones are twice as long as those from parafoveal cones and do not run completely parallel to the incident light. Unique Müller cells are present in the central foveolae (area of 200 µm in diameter) of humans and monkeys. Light entering the fovea center, which is composed only of cones and Müller cells, at an angle of 0° causes a very bright spot after passing through this area. However, when the angle of the light beam is changed to 10°, less light is measured after transpasssing through the retina, the foveolar center becomes darker and the SCE-like phenomenon is directly visible. Measurements of the intensities of light transmission through the central foveola for the incident angles 0 and 10° resemble the relative luminance efficiency for narrow light bundles as a function of the location where the beam enters the pupil as reported by Stiles and Crawford. The effect persisted after carefully brushing away the outer s…
bibliographic citation: Tschulakow et al. (2018) The anatomy of the foveola reinvestigated. PeerJ 6:e4482 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4482
date submitted: 2018-01-11
date accepted: 2018-02-20
issued: 2018-03-12
is part of: PeerJ
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Tschulakow
  given name: Alexander V.
author list: Agent
  family name: Oltrup
  given name: Theo
author list: Agent
  family name: Bende
  given name: Thomas
author list: Agent
  family name: Schmelzle
  given name: Sebastian
author list: Agent
  family name: Schraermeyer
  given name: Ulrich
doi: 10.7717/peerj.4482
volume: 6
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2018-03-12
copyright: ©2018 Tschulakow et al.
attribution name: Tschulakow et al.

Change in skeletal muscle stiffness after running competition is dependent on both running distance and recovery time: a pilot study
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Long-distance running competitions impose a large amount of mechanical loading and strain leading to muscle edema and delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS). Damage to various muscle fibers, metabolic impairments and fatigue have been linked to explain how DOMS impairs muscle function. Disruptions of muscle fiber during DOMS exacerbated by exercise have been shown to change muscle mechanical properties. The objective of this study is to quantify changes in mechanical properties of different muscles in the thigh and lower leg as function of running distance and time after competition. A custom implementation of Focused Comb-Push Ultrasound Shear Elastography (F-CUSE) method was used to evaluate shear modulus in runners before and after a race. Twenty-two healthy individuals (age: 23 ± 5 years) were recruited using convenience sampling and split into three race categories: short distance (nine subjects, 3–5 miles), middle distance (10 subjects, 10–13 miles), and long distance (three subjects, 26+ miles). Shear Wave Elastography (SWE) measurements were taken on both legs of each subject on the rectus femoris (RF), vastus lateralis (VL), vastus medialis (VM), soleus, lateral gastrocnemius (LG), medial gastrocnemius (MG), biceps femoris (BF) and semitendinosus (ST) muscles. For statistical analyses, a linear mixed model was used, with recovery time and running distance as fixed variables, while shear modulus was used as the dependent variable. Recovery time had a significant effect on the soleus (p = 0.05), while running distance had considerable effect on the biceps femoris (p = 0.02), vastus lateralis (p < 0.01) and semitendinosus muscles (p = 0.02). Sixty-seven percent of muscles exhibited a decreasing stiffness trend from before competition to immediately after competition. The preliminary results suggest that SWE could potentially be used to quantify changes of muscle mechanical properties as a way for measuring recovery procedures for runners.
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Seyedali Sadeghi
creator: Cassidy Newman
creator: Daniel H. Cortes
subject: Kinesiology
subject: Orthopedics
subject: Radiology and Medical Imaging
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.4469
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2018 Sadeghi et al.
abstract: Long-distance running competitions impose a large amount of mechanical loading and strain leading to muscle edema and delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS). Damage to various muscle fibers, metabolic impairments and fatigue have been linked to explain how DOMS impairs muscle function. Disruptions of muscle fiber during DOMS exacerbated by exercise have been shown to change muscle mechanical properties. The objective of this study is to quantify changes in mechanical properties of different muscles in the thigh and lower leg as function of running distance and time after competition. A custom implementation of Focused Comb-Push Ultrasound Shear Elastography (F-CUSE) method was used to evaluate shear modulus in runners before and after a race. Twenty-two healthy individuals (age: 23 ± 5 years) were recruited using convenience sampling and split into three race categories: short distance (nine subjects, 3–5 miles), middle distance (10 subjects, 10–13 miles), and long distance (three subjects, 26+ miles). Shear Wave Elastography (SWE) measurements were taken on both legs of each subject on the rectus femoris (RF), vastus lateralis (VL), vastus medialis (VM), soleus, lateral gastrocnemius (LG), medial gastrocnemius (MG), biceps femoris (BF) and semitendinosus (ST) muscles. For statistical analyses, a linear mixed model was used, with recovery time and running distance as fixed variables, while shear modulus was used as the dependent variable. Recovery time had a significant effect on the soleus (p = 0.05), while running distance had considerable effect on the biceps femoris (p = 0.02), vastus lateralis (p < 0.01) and semitendinosus muscles (p = 0.02). Sixty-seven percent of muscles exhibited a decreasing stiffness trend from before competition to immediately after competition. The preliminary results suggest that SWE could potentially be used to quantify changes of muscle mechanical properties as a way for measuring recovery procedures for runners.
bibliographic citation: Sadeghi et al. (2018) Change in skeletal muscle stiffness after running competition is dependent on both running distance and recovery time: a pilot study. PeerJ 6:e4469 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4469
date submitted: 2017-09-21
date accepted: 2018-02-16
issued: 2018-03-12
is part of: PeerJ
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Sadeghi
  given name: Seyedali
author list: Agent
  family name: Newman
  given name: Cassidy
author list: Agent
  family name: Cortes
  given name: Daniel H.
doi: 10.7717/peerj.4469
volume: 6
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2018-03-12
copyright: ©2018 Sadeghi et al.
attribution name: Sadeghi et al.

PeerJ
type: Periodical
uri: PeerJ
issn: 2167-8359