PeerJ
type: channel
link: https://peerj.com/articles/
description: Articles published in PeerJ
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
publication name: PeerJ
issn: 2167-8359
items: Interaction of soil pH, organic matter, exchangeable acidity, and cation exchange capacity in a managed tea farm
items: Positive rates of total and specific immunoglobulin E in 7,824 adult patients with suspected allergic diseases in Liaoning Province, China: a retrospective study
items: Leaf-branch-root trait relationships in Quercus rehderiana across rocky and non-rocky desertification habitats in China
items: Patients with lower BMI are more likely to experience shoulder pain after single port laparoscopic myomectomy
items: Effects of virtual reality intervention dosage on gait performance in Parkinson’s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis
items: Occurrence, composition, sources, and ecological-health risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Chinese water bodies: a review
items: Carbon capture, photosynthesis, and leaf gas exchange of shade tree species and Arabica coffee varieties in coffee agroforestry systems in Veracruz state, Mexico
items: Utilization of soft pistachio hulls in Japanese quail diets for enhanced egg quality and yolk pigmentation
items: Evaluation study of effect of virtual care education on healthcare providers’ knowledge, confidence, and satisfaction
items: MAFF inhibits angiogenesis in non-small cell lung cancer by suppressing YAP1 nuclear translocation

Interaction of soil pH, organic matter, exchangeable acidity, and cation exchange capacity in a managed tea farm
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Background The Yangai tea farm was established in 1952, with a long history of cultivating tea plants. The tea plant can activate Al3+ of the soil and affect soil physicochemical properties. Understanding soil physicochemical properties is crucial for studying soil fertility, nutrient retention, and long-term agricultural sustainability. Therefore, we investigated the distribution characteristics of soil pH, exchangeable acid, soil organic matter (SOM), and cation exchange capacity (CEC) in the surface soil and soil profile to assess their interaction in the managed tea garden. Methods We collected surface soil and soil profile samples from the managed tea garden and three land-use types (i.e., managed tea garden, unmanaged tea garden, and Pinus massoniana forest), respectively. We measure soil pH value with a laboratory pH meter. We measured the SOM, soil exchangeable acid, and CEC content, respectively, with potassium dichromate heating, potassium chloride leaching, and spectrophotometric methods. Results The average soil pH value, exchangeable Al3+ content, and exchangeable H+ content were 4.50 (ranging from 3.95 to 5.88), 6.11 (0.04 to 9.32) cmol kg−1, and 0.30 (0.03 to 0.62) cmol kg−1, respectively. The surface soil acidification is severe, and the exchangeable acids in the tea garden were mainly exchangeable Al3+. The surface soil of the Yangai tea farm had a high ability to keep and supply fertilizer due to its enriching SOM content (average 55.94g kg−1) and soil CEC (24.06 cmol(+) kg−1). Surface soil exchangeable acid and CEC contents were higher after spring tea picking than before spring tea picking in the Yangai tea farm, while their SOM content was just the opposite. Therefore, it was recommended to supplement organic fertilizers after tea-picking because the surface SOM of the Yangai tea farm would decompose and be consumed more during the spring, summer, and autumn tea-picking periods than in winter. In addition, the SOM contents and soil pH values dec…
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Haijie Song
creator: Jing Shi
creator: Rou Wang
creator: Tao Jin
creator: Yishu Peng
subject: Agricultural Science
subject: Plant Science
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.20341
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2025 Song et al.
abstract: Background The Yangai tea farm was established in 1952, with a long history of cultivating tea plants. The tea plant can activate Al3+ of the soil and affect soil physicochemical properties. Understanding soil physicochemical properties is crucial for studying soil fertility, nutrient retention, and long-term agricultural sustainability. Therefore, we investigated the distribution characteristics of soil pH, exchangeable acid, soil organic matter (SOM), and cation exchange capacity (CEC) in the surface soil and soil profile to assess their interaction in the managed tea garden. Methods We collected surface soil and soil profile samples from the managed tea garden and three land-use types (i.e., managed tea garden, unmanaged tea garden, and Pinus massoniana forest), respectively. We measure soil pH value with a laboratory pH meter. We measured the SOM, soil exchangeable acid, and CEC content, respectively, with potassium dichromate heating, potassium chloride leaching, and spectrophotometric methods. Results The average soil pH value, exchangeable Al3+ content, and exchangeable H+ content were 4.50 (ranging from 3.95 to 5.88), 6.11 (0.04 to 9.32) cmol kg−1, and 0.30 (0.03 to 0.62) cmol kg−1, respectively. The surface soil acidification is severe, and the exchangeable acids in the tea garden were mainly exchangeable Al3+. The surface soil of the Yangai tea farm had a high ability to keep and supply fertilizer due to its enriching SOM content (average 55.94g kg−1) and soil CEC (24.06 cmol(+) kg−1). Surface soil exchangeable acid and CEC contents were higher after spring tea picking than before spring tea picking in the Yangai tea farm, while their SOM content was just the opposite. Therefore, it was recommended to supplement organic fertilizers after tea-picking because the surface SOM of the Yangai tea farm would decompose and be consumed more during the spring, summer, and autumn tea-picking periods than in winter. In addition, the SOM contents and soil pH values dec…
bibliographic citation: Song et al. (2025) Interaction of soil pH, organic matter, exchangeable acidity, and cation exchange capacity in a managed tea farm. PeerJ 13:e20341 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.20341
date submitted: 2024-12-20
date accepted: 2025-10-14
issued: 2025-11-24
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Song
  given name: Haijie
author list: Agent
  family name: Shi
  given name: Jing
author list: Agent
  family name: Wang
  given name: Rou
author list: Agent
  family name: Jin
  given name: Tao
author list: Agent
  family name: Peng
  given name: Yishu
doi: 10.7717/peerj.20341
volume: 13
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2025-11-24
copyright: ©2025 Song et al.
attribution name: Song et al.

Positive rates of total and specific immunoglobulin E in 7,824 adult patients with suspected allergic diseases in Liaoning Province, China: a retrospective study
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Background The escalating prevalence of allergic diseases poses a significant global health challenge. However, estimates of allergic disease prevalence in Liaoning Province, China, remain lacking. This study aimed to investigate total immunoglobulin E (tIgE) and specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) levels in 7,824 patients with suspected allergic diseases and to identify factors associated with allergic conditions. Methods A total of 7,824 participants (3,180 males and 4,644 females) with a mean age of 53.63 years were included. tIgE and sIgE levels were measured using standard laboratory methods. The normal reference range for tIgE was stratified by age group, and sIgE results were categorized as positive or negative based on predefined thresholds. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 26.0. Results The overall tIgE positivity rate was 39.26%, with males showing a significantly higher rate (46.67%) than females (34.19%) (χ2 = 123.118, p < 0.001). The highest tIgE positivity was observed in the 18–44 age group (44.11%) and during the summer season (43.95%). No significant differences were found in sIgE positivity rates for inhaled and food allergens between sexes or seasons. Conclusions Male sex, younger and older age groups, and the summer season were identified as significant predictors of allergic diseases based on tIgE levels. These findings underscore the importance of sex and seasonal variations in allergic disease prevalence and highlight the need for targeted prevention and management strategies.
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Zan Sun
creator: Long Shao
creator: Peng Cao
creator: Hanqi Zhang
creator: Meng Chen
creator: Jingfang Wang
creator: Lin Zhou
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Allergy and Clinical Immunology
subject: Immunology
subject: Public Health
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.20394
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2025 Sun et al.
abstract: Background The escalating prevalence of allergic diseases poses a significant global health challenge. However, estimates of allergic disease prevalence in Liaoning Province, China, remain lacking. This study aimed to investigate total immunoglobulin E (tIgE) and specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) levels in 7,824 patients with suspected allergic diseases and to identify factors associated with allergic conditions. Methods A total of 7,824 participants (3,180 males and 4,644 females) with a mean age of 53.63 years were included. tIgE and sIgE levels were measured using standard laboratory methods. The normal reference range for tIgE was stratified by age group, and sIgE results were categorized as positive or negative based on predefined thresholds. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 26.0. Results The overall tIgE positivity rate was 39.26%, with males showing a significantly higher rate (46.67%) than females (34.19%) (χ2 = 123.118, p < 0.001). The highest tIgE positivity was observed in the 18–44 age group (44.11%) and during the summer season (43.95%). No significant differences were found in sIgE positivity rates for inhaled and food allergens between sexes or seasons. Conclusions Male sex, younger and older age groups, and the summer season were identified as significant predictors of allergic diseases based on tIgE levels. These findings underscore the importance of sex and seasonal variations in allergic disease prevalence and highlight the need for targeted prevention and management strategies.
bibliographic citation: Sun et al. (2025) Positive rates of total and specific immunoglobulin E in 7,824 adult patients with suspected allergic diseases in Liaoning Province, China: a retrospective study. PeerJ 13:e20394 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.20394
date submitted: 2025-04-18
date accepted: 2025-10-24
issued: 2025-11-21
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Sun
  given name: Zan
author list: Agent
  family name: Shao
  given name: Long
author list: Agent
  family name: Cao
  given name: Peng
author list: Agent
  family name: Zhang
  given name: Hanqi
author list: Agent
  family name: Chen
  given name: Meng
author list: Agent
  family name: Wang
  given name: Jingfang
author list: Agent
  family name: Zhou
  given name: Lin
doi: 10.7717/peerj.20394
volume: 13
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2025-11-21
copyright: ©2025 Sun et al.
attribution name: Sun et al.

Leaf-branch-root trait relationships in Quercus rehderiana across rocky and non-rocky desertification habitats in China
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Background Plant leaves, branches, and roots synergistically govern survival, growth, and reproduction. However, while interspecific and community-level studies have advanced our understanding of organ coordination, intraspecific trait covariation remains poorly understood due to limited evidence. Methodology This study investigated 28 functional traits across leaves, branches, and roots of Quercus rehderiana, a dominant species in rocky and non-rocky desertification forests, to evaluate intraspecific organ relationships. The traits, covering morphological, anatomical, and physiological aspects, reflect resource acquisition and utilization strategies. Standardized protocols were followed, with three replicates per individual for reliability. Results Our results revealed no significant correlations among leaf, branch, and root traits in either forest type. Principal component analysis (PCA) of leaf traits indicated that the first axis was positively associated with water storage and utilization strategies, showing positive correlations with leaf thickness (LT), palisade mesophyll thickness (PT), and spongy mesophyll thickness (ST). The second axis exhibited a positive relationship with leaf nitrogen concentration (LNC) and leaf phosphorus concentration (LPC). For branch traits, the first axis reflected water transport efficiency, demonstrating positive associations with theoretical hydraulic conductivity (Kt) and vessel density (VD). The second axis was positively correlated with branch N concentration (BNC) and branch phosphorus concentration (BPC). In root traits, the first axis aligned with root defense traits (positive correlation) but was inversely related to resource acquisition efficiency. The second axis showed a positive correlation with root N concentration (RNC) and root phosphorus concentration (RPC). Conclusions Organ-specific trait decoupling in Quercus rehderiana reveals independent above- and belowground adaptations to water and nutrient limitations, …
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Xiaolong Bai
creator: Shun Zou
creator: Tu Feng
creator: Dongpeng Lv
creator: Bin He
creator: Wangjun Li
subject: Ecology
subject: Plant Science
subject: Forestry
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.20367
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2025 Bai et al.
abstract: Background Plant leaves, branches, and roots synergistically govern survival, growth, and reproduction. However, while interspecific and community-level studies have advanced our understanding of organ coordination, intraspecific trait covariation remains poorly understood due to limited evidence. Methodology This study investigated 28 functional traits across leaves, branches, and roots of Quercus rehderiana, a dominant species in rocky and non-rocky desertification forests, to evaluate intraspecific organ relationships. The traits, covering morphological, anatomical, and physiological aspects, reflect resource acquisition and utilization strategies. Standardized protocols were followed, with three replicates per individual for reliability. Results Our results revealed no significant correlations among leaf, branch, and root traits in either forest type. Principal component analysis (PCA) of leaf traits indicated that the first axis was positively associated with water storage and utilization strategies, showing positive correlations with leaf thickness (LT), palisade mesophyll thickness (PT), and spongy mesophyll thickness (ST). The second axis exhibited a positive relationship with leaf nitrogen concentration (LNC) and leaf phosphorus concentration (LPC). For branch traits, the first axis reflected water transport efficiency, demonstrating positive associations with theoretical hydraulic conductivity (Kt) and vessel density (VD). The second axis was positively correlated with branch N concentration (BNC) and branch phosphorus concentration (BPC). In root traits, the first axis aligned with root defense traits (positive correlation) but was inversely related to resource acquisition efficiency. The second axis showed a positive correlation with root N concentration (RNC) and root phosphorus concentration (RPC). Conclusions Organ-specific trait decoupling in Quercus rehderiana reveals independent above- and belowground adaptations to water and nutrient limitations, …
bibliographic citation: Bai et al. (2025) Leaf-branch-root trait relationships in Quercus rehderiana across rocky and non-rocky desertification habitats in China. PeerJ 13:e20367 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.20367
date submitted: 2025-04-05
date accepted: 2025-10-18
issued: 2025-11-21
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Bai
  given name: Xiaolong
author list: Agent
  family name: Zou
  given name: Shun
author list: Agent
  family name: Feng
  given name: Tu
author list: Agent
  family name: Lv
  given name: Dongpeng
author list: Agent
  family name: He
  given name: Bin
author list: Agent
  family name: Li
  given name: Wangjun
doi: 10.7717/peerj.20367
volume: 13
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2025-11-21
copyright: ©2025 Bai et al.
attribution name: Bai et al.

Patients with lower BMI are more likely to experience shoulder pain after single port laparoscopic myomectomy
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Objective The aim of this study is to evaluate the incidence of shoulder pain after single port transumbilical laparoscopic myomectomy and analyze patient and operative specific factors associated with post-laparoscopy shoulder pain (PLSP). This information can inform preoperative risk assessment and intervention. Method This is a prospective cohort study. Two hundred and twenty patients undergoing elected single-port laparoscopic myomectomy under general anaesthesia were divided into two groups according to whether they had shoulder pain after surgery. Patient demographic data and duration of surgery, intraoperative blood loss volume, intraoperative carbon dioxide (CO2) usage volume, the usage of an abdominal drainage tube or not, the usage of patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) or not were recorded. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS. Data were compared using Student’s t-test or chi-square test. Risk factors were analyzed using logistic regression. Results The incidence of shoulder pain was 43.18%. The body mass index (BMI) of the shoulder pain group was significantly lower than that of the non-shoulder pain group (OR = 0.629, p < 0.05). Patients with BMI < 21.64 are more likely to experience postoperative shoulder pain. The use rate of abdominal drainage tubes was higher in the non-shoulder pain group (OR = 0.509, p < 0.05). Conclusion PLSP is more likely to occur in patients with lower BMI (<21.64), and placing an abdominal drainage tube can reduce the occurrence of shoulder pain.
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Xiubin Chen
creator: Min Guo
creator: Zheng Pei
subject: Anesthesiology and Pain Management
subject: Gynecology and Obstetrics
subject: Women’s Health
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.20362
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2025 Chen et al.
abstract: Objective The aim of this study is to evaluate the incidence of shoulder pain after single port transumbilical laparoscopic myomectomy and analyze patient and operative specific factors associated with post-laparoscopy shoulder pain (PLSP). This information can inform preoperative risk assessment and intervention. Method This is a prospective cohort study. Two hundred and twenty patients undergoing elected single-port laparoscopic myomectomy under general anaesthesia were divided into two groups according to whether they had shoulder pain after surgery. Patient demographic data and duration of surgery, intraoperative blood loss volume, intraoperative carbon dioxide (CO2) usage volume, the usage of an abdominal drainage tube or not, the usage of patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) or not were recorded. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS. Data were compared using Student’s t-test or chi-square test. Risk factors were analyzed using logistic regression. Results The incidence of shoulder pain was 43.18%. The body mass index (BMI) of the shoulder pain group was significantly lower than that of the non-shoulder pain group (OR = 0.629, p < 0.05). Patients with BMI < 21.64 are more likely to experience postoperative shoulder pain. The use rate of abdominal drainage tubes was higher in the non-shoulder pain group (OR = 0.509, p < 0.05). Conclusion PLSP is more likely to occur in patients with lower BMI (<21.64), and placing an abdominal drainage tube can reduce the occurrence of shoulder pain.
bibliographic citation: Chen et al. (2025) Patients with lower BMI are more likely to experience shoulder pain after single port laparoscopic myomectomy. PeerJ 13:e20362 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.20362
date submitted: 2025-05-08
date accepted: 2025-10-17
issued: 2025-11-21
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Chen
  given name: Xiubin
author list: Agent
  family name: Guo
  given name: Min
author list: Agent
  family name: Pei
  given name: Zheng
doi: 10.7717/peerj.20362
volume: 13
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2025-11-21
copyright: ©2025 Chen et al.
attribution name: Chen et al.

Effects of virtual reality intervention dosage on gait performance in Parkinson’s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Objective Gait impairment is a prevalent and disabling feature of Parkinson’s disease (PD) that is often insufficiently improved by conventional rehabilitation approaches. Virtual reality (VR)-based training has emerged as a novel therapeutic strategy; however, the overall efficacy of VR interventions on gait outcomes in PD remains inconclusive. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to (1) quantify the effects of VR-based rehabilitation on gait performance in individuals with PD, and (2) investigate whether treatment outcomes are moderated by intervention dosage parameters-such as training frequency, session duration, and total intervention period-as well as patient-related factors like disease duration and age. Methods Seven databases (Embase, Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Wanfang Data, VIP, and CNKI) were searched from inception to December 2024. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating VR training for gait in PD were independently screened by two reviewers. Study quality was assessed using the PEDro scale. Meta-analyses were conducted with RevMan 5.4.1, and publication bias was examined using Stata 17.0. Effect sizes were calculated using standardized mean differences with 95% confidence intervals. The certainty of evidence was graded using the GRADE approach. Results A total of 13 RCTs, involving 541 patients with Parkinson’s disease, met the inclusion criteria. VR-based interventions demonstrated significant effects in improving composite gait function (SMD = 0.56; 95% CI [0.36–0.77]; P < 0.00001), indicating a moderate and clinically meaningful benefit. Gait function was evaluated using a range of clinical scales and spatiotemporal parameters, encompassing multiple dimensions such as dynamic stability, walking efficiency, and functional mobility. Subgroup analyses revealed greater improvements among patients with disease duration ≤8 years (SMD = 0.65), shorter intervention periods (≤4 weeks, SMD = 0.86), and shorter session durati…
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Shanan Yu
creator: Yu Zhu
creator: Yanfei Yang
subject: Evidence Based Medicine
subject: Geriatrics
subject: Global Health
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.20320
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2025 Yu et al.
abstract: Objective Gait impairment is a prevalent and disabling feature of Parkinson’s disease (PD) that is often insufficiently improved by conventional rehabilitation approaches. Virtual reality (VR)-based training has emerged as a novel therapeutic strategy; however, the overall efficacy of VR interventions on gait outcomes in PD remains inconclusive. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to (1) quantify the effects of VR-based rehabilitation on gait performance in individuals with PD, and (2) investigate whether treatment outcomes are moderated by intervention dosage parameters-such as training frequency, session duration, and total intervention period-as well as patient-related factors like disease duration and age. Methods Seven databases (Embase, Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Wanfang Data, VIP, and CNKI) were searched from inception to December 2024. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating VR training for gait in PD were independently screened by two reviewers. Study quality was assessed using the PEDro scale. Meta-analyses were conducted with RevMan 5.4.1, and publication bias was examined using Stata 17.0. Effect sizes were calculated using standardized mean differences with 95% confidence intervals. The certainty of evidence was graded using the GRADE approach. Results A total of 13 RCTs, involving 541 patients with Parkinson’s disease, met the inclusion criteria. VR-based interventions demonstrated significant effects in improving composite gait function (SMD = 0.56; 95% CI [0.36–0.77]; P < 0.00001), indicating a moderate and clinically meaningful benefit. Gait function was evaluated using a range of clinical scales and spatiotemporal parameters, encompassing multiple dimensions such as dynamic stability, walking efficiency, and functional mobility. Subgroup analyses revealed greater improvements among patients with disease duration ≤8 years (SMD = 0.65), shorter intervention periods (≤4 weeks, SMD = 0.86), and shorter session durati…
bibliographic citation: Yu et al. (2025) Effects of virtual reality intervention dosage on gait performance in Parkinson’s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PeerJ 13:e20320 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.20320
date submitted: 2025-04-28
date accepted: 2025-10-10
issued: 2025-11-21
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Yu
  given name: Shanan
author list: Agent
  family name: Zhu
  given name: Yu
author list: Agent
  family name: Yang
  given name: Yanfei
doi: 10.7717/peerj.20320
volume: 13
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2025-11-21
copyright: ©2025 Yu et al.
attribution name: Yu et al.

Occurrence, composition, sources, and ecological-health risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Chinese water bodies: a review
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) pose significant threats to aquatic ecosystems globally. This study conducted a comprehensive literature search (2015–2025) across Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases to evaluate PAH contamination in diverse water bodies in China. Through an analysis of data from 69 distinct study areas, we synthesized concentration distributions, compositional profiles, pollution sources, and associated ecological and health risks. The results revealed significant spatiotemporal variations in PAH contamination across Chinese water bodies, with mean concentrations ranging from 17.4 to 3,856.68 ng/L, and an arithmetic mean of 498.3 ng/L. Northern industrial regions, eastern estuarine and coastal areas exhibited the highest pollution levels, while western remote areas remained less contaminated. Rivers showed the highest mean PAH concentrations, followed by lakes/reservoirs, coastal waters, and estuaries. Low-molecular-weight (LMW) PAHs dominated, accounting for 74.5–82.2% of total PAHs, though high-molecular-weight (HMW) compounds were enriched in industrial zones and deltas. Source apportionment indicated mixed contributions from fossil fuel combustion, petroleum spills, and traffic emissions, with distinct seasonal patterns: coal heating dominated in winter, while runoff inputs were major contributors in summer. Ecological risk assessment indicated high risk was prevalent, with risk quotient (RQ) values greatly exceeding 1 in severely polluted areas such as river basins and estuaries. Health risk evaluation showed that incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) values in certain areas reach ed 4.6 × 10−3, exceeding the acceptable level (10−6) by orders of magnitude. These findings provide a scientific basis for formulating targeted PAH control strategies to better protect aquatic ecosystems and public health in China.
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Qu Chen
creator: Tianwen Song
creator: Jingjing Kong
creator: Jingjing Zhang
creator: Lei Zhu
creator: Hailong Li
creator: Yizhe Wang
creator: Di Xiao
creator: Tingting Tang
creator: Haili Zhang
creator: Zichu Zhao
creator: Qingli Zhang
subject: Toxicology
subject: Aquatic and Marine Chemistry
subject: Environmental Contamination and Remediation
subject: Environmental Impacts
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.20300
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2025 Chen et al.
abstract: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) pose significant threats to aquatic ecosystems globally. This study conducted a comprehensive literature search (2015–2025) across Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases to evaluate PAH contamination in diverse water bodies in China. Through an analysis of data from 69 distinct study areas, we synthesized concentration distributions, compositional profiles, pollution sources, and associated ecological and health risks. The results revealed significant spatiotemporal variations in PAH contamination across Chinese water bodies, with mean concentrations ranging from 17.4 to 3,856.68 ng/L, and an arithmetic mean of 498.3 ng/L. Northern industrial regions, eastern estuarine and coastal areas exhibited the highest pollution levels, while western remote areas remained less contaminated. Rivers showed the highest mean PAH concentrations, followed by lakes/reservoirs, coastal waters, and estuaries. Low-molecular-weight (LMW) PAHs dominated, accounting for 74.5–82.2% of total PAHs, though high-molecular-weight (HMW) compounds were enriched in industrial zones and deltas. Source apportionment indicated mixed contributions from fossil fuel combustion, petroleum spills, and traffic emissions, with distinct seasonal patterns: coal heating dominated in winter, while runoff inputs were major contributors in summer. Ecological risk assessment indicated high risk was prevalent, with risk quotient (RQ) values greatly exceeding 1 in severely polluted areas such as river basins and estuaries. Health risk evaluation showed that incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) values in certain areas reach ed 4.6 × 10−3, exceeding the acceptable level (10−6) by orders of magnitude. These findings provide a scientific basis for formulating targeted PAH control strategies to better protect aquatic ecosystems and public health in China.
bibliographic citation: Chen et al. (2025) Occurrence, composition, sources, and ecological-health risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Chinese water bodies: a review. PeerJ 13:e20300 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.20300
date submitted: 2025-06-05
date accepted: 2025-10-06
issued: 2025-11-21
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Chen
  given name: Qu
author list: Agent
  family name: Song
  given name: Tianwen
author list: Agent
  family name: Kong
  given name: Jingjing
author list: Agent
  family name: Zhang
  given name: Jingjing
author list: Agent
  family name: Zhu
  given name: Lei
author list: Agent
  family name: Li
  given name: Hailong
author list: Agent
  family name: Wang
  given name: Yizhe
author list: Agent
  family name: Xiao
  given name: Di
author list: Agent
  family name: Tang
  given name: Tingting
author list: Agent
  family name: Zhang
  given name: Haili
author list: Agent
  family name: Zhao
  given name: Zichu
author list: Agent
  family name: Zhang
  given name: Qingli
doi: 10.7717/peerj.20300
volume: 13
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2025-11-21
copyright: © 2025 Chen et al.
attribution name: Chen et al.

Carbon capture, photosynthesis, and leaf gas exchange of shade tree species and Arabica coffee varieties in coffee agroforestry systems in Veracruz state, Mexico
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Agroforestry systems with native vegetation enhance climate adaptation and mitigation by improving coffee farm resilience, carbon storage, and income diversification. Seven native tree species were pre-selected as shade providers for Veracruz coffee agroforestry systems based on ecological, cultural, and economic criteria. The present study evaluated their physiological performance through above-ground biomass, carbon stocks, and in-situ chlorophyll fluorescence and gas exchange measurements under controlled light and temperature conditions. Five Coffea arabica varieties were also assessed under these shade canopies using the same leaf-level parameters, and leaf nitrogen and moisture content. Erythrina americana and Persea schiedeana had the highest carbon sequestration per tree. E. americana showed the highest water-use efficiency, whereas P. schiedeana showed the lowest transpiration and stomatal conductance, indicating a water-saving strategy via stomatal restriction. These traits reflect their ecological adaptations to shade and microclimate conditions in agroforestry systems. Inga inicuil achieved the highest carbon capture per hectare due to high tree density, despite lower individual performance. Species-specific strategies were identified: Psidium guajava and P. schiedeana exhibited high transpiration but limited carbon gain. E. americana and Inga punctata formed a drought-resilient group, having a high carbon assimilation and low water loss. Intermediate species (Heliocarpus appendiculatus, Inga vera, I. inicuil) balanced moderate CO2 assimilation rates with adaptable stomatal response. Photochemical efficiency remained stable across species. Shaded Coffea arabica var. Oro Azteca had significantly higher leaf nitrogen, moisture, and water-use efficiency than unshaded ones. These differences coincided with lower PAR under shade, aligning with known variations in shaded versus unshaded coffee plants. Principal component analysis showed that PC1 correlated str…
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format: text/html
creator: Daniel Cabrera-Santos
creator: Patricia Dávila
creator: Isela Rodríguez-Arévalo
creator: Anabel Ruiz-Flores
creator: Josefina Vázquez-Medrano
creator: Salvador Sampayo-Maldonado
creator: Cesar Ordoñez-Salanueva
creator: Maraeva Gianella
creator: Elizabeth Bell
creator: María Toledo-Garibaldi
creator: Robert Manson
creator: Flor G. Vázquez-Corzas
creator: Jazmin Cobos-Silva
creator: Cesar Mateo Flores Ortiz
creator: Tiziana Ulian
subject: Agricultural Science
subject: Plant Science
subject: Climate Change Biology
subject: Natural Resource Management
subject: Environmental Impacts
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.20255
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2025 Cabrera-Santos et al.
abstract: Agroforestry systems with native vegetation enhance climate adaptation and mitigation by improving coffee farm resilience, carbon storage, and income diversification. Seven native tree species were pre-selected as shade providers for Veracruz coffee agroforestry systems based on ecological, cultural, and economic criteria. The present study evaluated their physiological performance through above-ground biomass, carbon stocks, and in-situ chlorophyll fluorescence and gas exchange measurements under controlled light and temperature conditions. Five Coffea arabica varieties were also assessed under these shade canopies using the same leaf-level parameters, and leaf nitrogen and moisture content. Erythrina americana and Persea schiedeana had the highest carbon sequestration per tree. E. americana showed the highest water-use efficiency, whereas P. schiedeana showed the lowest transpiration and stomatal conductance, indicating a water-saving strategy via stomatal restriction. These traits reflect their ecological adaptations to shade and microclimate conditions in agroforestry systems. Inga inicuil achieved the highest carbon capture per hectare due to high tree density, despite lower individual performance. Species-specific strategies were identified: Psidium guajava and P. schiedeana exhibited high transpiration but limited carbon gain. E. americana and Inga punctata formed a drought-resilient group, having a high carbon assimilation and low water loss. Intermediate species (Heliocarpus appendiculatus, Inga vera, I. inicuil) balanced moderate CO2 assimilation rates with adaptable stomatal response. Photochemical efficiency remained stable across species. Shaded Coffea arabica var. Oro Azteca had significantly higher leaf nitrogen, moisture, and water-use efficiency than unshaded ones. These differences coincided with lower PAR under shade, aligning with known variations in shaded versus unshaded coffee plants. Principal component analysis showed that PC1 correlated str…
bibliographic citation: Cabrera-Santos et al. (2025) Carbon capture, photosynthesis, and leaf gas exchange of shade tree species and Arabica coffee varieties in coffee agroforestry systems in Veracruz state, Mexico. PeerJ 13:e20255 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.20255
date submitted: 2025-03-27
date accepted: 2025-09-26
issued: 2025-11-21
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
author list: Agent
  family name: Cabrera-Santos
  given name: Daniel
author list: Agent
  family name: Dávila
  given name: Patricia
author list: Agent
  family name: Rodríguez-Arévalo
  given name: Isela
author list: Agent
  family name: Ruiz-Flores
  given name: Anabel
author list: Agent
  family name: Vázquez-Medrano
  given name: Josefina
author list: Agent
  family name: Sampayo-Maldonado
  given name: Salvador
author list: Agent
  family name: Ordoñez-Salanueva
  given name: Cesar
author list: Agent
  family name: Gianella
  given name: Maraeva
author list: Agent
  family name: Bell
  given name: Elizabeth
author list: Agent
  family name: Toledo-Garibaldi
  given name: María
author list: Agent
  family name: Manson
  given name: Robert
author list: Agent
  family name: Vázquez-Corzas
  given name: Flor G.
author list: Agent
  family name: Cobos-Silva
  given name: Jazmin
author list: Agent
  family name: Flores Ortiz
  given name: Cesar Mateo
author list: Agent
  family name: Ulian
  given name: Tiziana
doi: 10.7717/peerj.20255
volume: 13
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2025-11-21
copyright: ©2025 Cabrera-Santos et al.
attribution name: Cabrera-Santos et al.

Utilization of soft pistachio hulls in Japanese quail diets for enhanced egg quality and yolk pigmentation
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Background Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) offer rapid growth, early maturity and excellent feed conversion, but feed cost accounts for ∼70% of production expenses. This study evaluated soft pistachio hull (PH), an abundant agro-industrial by-product, as a low-cost dietary ingredient in laying quails. Methods Ninety-six female quails, seven weeks old age, were randomly distributed to four dietary groups (24 birds each; three replicates of eight birds). The treatment diets were based on a standard layer feed, with graded PH inclusion of 0%, 2%, 4%, and 6%, administered over a for five-week period. Parameters measured included live weight, feed intake, egg production rate, egg weight, feed conversion ratio, and a range of egg quality indicators, such as shape index, shell thickness, Haugh unit, albumen and yolk indices, and yolk color score, assessed at weeks 7 and 11. Results Final live weight followed a cubic trend (P = 0.05), with the 2% and 6% PH groups (356.5 g and 350.6 g, respectively) exceeding the control (333.9 g), while 4% PH yielded intermediate values. Although differences in egg production were not statistically conclusive, the 4% PH group showed the highest output (76.4%). Feed intake increased by 7.3% in birds fed 4% PH group (P < 0.05), with feed conversion efficiency slightly reduced in noth 2% and 6% PH treatments. Egg shape index improved significantly at 4% PH (+3.3%, P < 0.01), whereas shell thickness, albumen index and Haugh unit remained unchanged (P > 0.05). Yolk color score exhibited strong linear, quadratic and cubic increases (P < 0.01), with the 6% PH group scoring 11.43 (+38.9% vs. 8.23 control). Conclusion Pistachio hulls can be incorporated into laying quail diets up to 6% without adverse effects on egg quality. The 4% inclusion level appears optimal for egg shape and pruductivity, while 6% maximizes yolk coloration. Nonetheless, the observed decline in feed efficiency at some levels suggests that careful ration balancing is…
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Mehmet Çetin
subject: Agricultural Science
subject: Food Science and Technology
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.20204
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2025 Çetin
abstract: Background Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) offer rapid growth, early maturity and excellent feed conversion, but feed cost accounts for ∼70% of production expenses. This study evaluated soft pistachio hull (PH), an abundant agro-industrial by-product, as a low-cost dietary ingredient in laying quails. Methods Ninety-six female quails, seven weeks old age, were randomly distributed to four dietary groups (24 birds each; three replicates of eight birds). The treatment diets were based on a standard layer feed, with graded PH inclusion of 0%, 2%, 4%, and 6%, administered over a for five-week period. Parameters measured included live weight, feed intake, egg production rate, egg weight, feed conversion ratio, and a range of egg quality indicators, such as shape index, shell thickness, Haugh unit, albumen and yolk indices, and yolk color score, assessed at weeks 7 and 11. Results Final live weight followed a cubic trend (P = 0.05), with the 2% and 6% PH groups (356.5 g and 350.6 g, respectively) exceeding the control (333.9 g), while 4% PH yielded intermediate values. Although differences in egg production were not statistically conclusive, the 4% PH group showed the highest output (76.4%). Feed intake increased by 7.3% in birds fed 4% PH group (P < 0.05), with feed conversion efficiency slightly reduced in noth 2% and 6% PH treatments. Egg shape index improved significantly at 4% PH (+3.3%, P < 0.01), whereas shell thickness, albumen index and Haugh unit remained unchanged (P > 0.05). Yolk color score exhibited strong linear, quadratic and cubic increases (P < 0.01), with the 6% PH group scoring 11.43 (+38.9% vs. 8.23 control). Conclusion Pistachio hulls can be incorporated into laying quail diets up to 6% without adverse effects on egg quality. The 4% inclusion level appears optimal for egg shape and pruductivity, while 6% maximizes yolk coloration. Nonetheless, the observed decline in feed efficiency at some levels suggests that careful ration balancing is…
bibliographic citation: Çetin (2025) Utilization of soft pistachio hulls in Japanese quail diets for enhanced egg quality and yolk pigmentation. PeerJ 13:e20204 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.20204
date submitted: 2025-06-06
date accepted: 2025-09-17
issued: 2025-11-21
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Çetin
  given name: Mehmet
doi: 10.7717/peerj.20204
volume: 13
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2025-11-21
copyright: ©2025 Çetin
attribution name: Çetin

Evaluation study of effect of virtual care education on healthcare providers’ knowledge, confidence, and satisfaction
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Background Virtual care can increase access to healthcare and improve provider efficiency; however, many healthcare providers lack formal education in virtual care delivery, including skills in virtual communication, physical examination adaptations, confidentiality, and billing procedures. This training gap can result in reduced confidence and suboptimal patient care. To address this, an asynchronous continuing professional development (CPD) module was developed. The objective of this study was to evaluate the module’s efficacy regarding satisfaction and changes in knowledge and confidence. Methods The module covered key topics such as virtual visit etiquette, technology troubleshooting, adapted physical examinations, documentation, and remuneration processes. Interactive features included embedded videos, knowledge-check quizzes, and reflective questions. A single-group pre-post quasi-experimental design was used to evaluate its impact. Data were collected via electronic surveys administered at three time points (before, during, and post-module). Surveys included multiple choice questions assessing objective knowledge, and Likert-scale questions assessing confidence levels in virtual care delivery. Open-ended short answer questions captured qualitative feedback. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and paired t-tests or Wilcoxon signed-rank tests where appropriate. Qualitative data were analyzed thematically to identify learner-reported strengths and areas for improvement. Results A total of nine to 22 learners responded at each time point. Respondents were heterogeneous, with most identifying as male (66.7%), general practitioners (55.6%), practicing in hospital settings (55.6%), and in communities of 2,000 to 10,000 people (55.6%). Learners reported high satisfaction with the module’s content relevance, navigation, and interactive components, but requested more interactive components (e.g., case-based learning). Statistically significant …
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Megan Clemens
creator: Josheil Boparai
creator: Robert Glynn
creator: Gerry White
creator: Vernon Curran
subject: Science and Medical Education
subject: Healthcare Services
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.20414
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2025 Clemens et al.
abstract: Background Virtual care can increase access to healthcare and improve provider efficiency; however, many healthcare providers lack formal education in virtual care delivery, including skills in virtual communication, physical examination adaptations, confidentiality, and billing procedures. This training gap can result in reduced confidence and suboptimal patient care. To address this, an asynchronous continuing professional development (CPD) module was developed. The objective of this study was to evaluate the module’s efficacy regarding satisfaction and changes in knowledge and confidence. Methods The module covered key topics such as virtual visit etiquette, technology troubleshooting, adapted physical examinations, documentation, and remuneration processes. Interactive features included embedded videos, knowledge-check quizzes, and reflective questions. A single-group pre-post quasi-experimental design was used to evaluate its impact. Data were collected via electronic surveys administered at three time points (before, during, and post-module). Surveys included multiple choice questions assessing objective knowledge, and Likert-scale questions assessing confidence levels in virtual care delivery. Open-ended short answer questions captured qualitative feedback. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and paired t-tests or Wilcoxon signed-rank tests where appropriate. Qualitative data were analyzed thematically to identify learner-reported strengths and areas for improvement. Results A total of nine to 22 learners responded at each time point. Respondents were heterogeneous, with most identifying as male (66.7%), general practitioners (55.6%), practicing in hospital settings (55.6%), and in communities of 2,000 to 10,000 people (55.6%). Learners reported high satisfaction with the module’s content relevance, navigation, and interactive components, but requested more interactive components (e.g., case-based learning). Statistically significant …
bibliographic citation: Clemens et al. (2025) Evaluation study of effect of virtual care education on healthcare providers’ knowledge, confidence, and satisfaction. PeerJ 13:e20414 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.20414
date submitted: 2025-08-14
date accepted: 2025-10-28
issued: 2025-11-20
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
author list: Agent
  family name: Clemens
  given name: Megan
author list: Agent
  family name: Boparai
  given name: Josheil
author list: Agent
  family name: Glynn
  given name: Robert
author list: Agent
  family name: White
  given name: Gerry
author list: Agent
  family name: Curran
  given name: Vernon
doi: 10.7717/peerj.20414
volume: 13
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2025-11-20
copyright: © 2025 Clemens et al.
attribution name: Clemens et al.

MAFF inhibits angiogenesis in non-small cell lung cancer by suppressing YAP1 nuclear translocation
type: item
type: AcademicArticle
description: Objective To investigate the roles of MAFF and Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) in regulating angiogenesis in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and to explore the mechanism through which MAFF inhibits angiogenesis by suppressing YAP1 nuclear translocation. Methods Bioinformatics analysis was used to assess MAFF expression and its associated regulatory pathways. Clinical samples from NSCLC patients were analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) to evaluate the correlation between MAFF expression and microvessel density (MVD). Cellular experiments were conducted to examine the effects of MAFF overexpression on proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis. Western blot (WB) and immunofluorescence (IF) analyses were performed to assess the expression of YAP1, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF). Tumor growth suppression was evaluated using nude mouse xenograft models. Results MAFF was significantly downregulated in NSCLC tissues and correlated with advanced T stage and higher MVD. Overexpression of MAFF inhibited NSCLC cell proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis, and downregulated the expression of YAP1, VEGF, and CTGF. IF confirmed that MAFF suppressed nuclear translocation of YAP1. In vivo, MAFF overexpression reduced tumor volume and weight, which was accompanied by inhibition of the YAP1 signaling pathway. Conclusion MAFF suppresses angiogenesis in NSCLC by blocking YAP1 nuclear translocation and downregulating VEGF and CTGF, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target.
format: application/pdf
format: text/html
creator: Yao Ding
creator: Shizi Wang
creator: Rui Hu
creator: ZiYi Cao
creator: Yuting Zou
creator: Wei-ling Yang
creator: Weihang Ji
creator: Lin Liu
creator: Na Xiao
creator: Xiao lei Li
creator: Yi Zeng
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Oncology
subject: Medical Genetics
description: doi:10.7717/peerj.20395
publisher: PeerJ Inc.
rights: © 2025 Ding et al.
abstract: Objective To investigate the roles of MAFF and Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) in regulating angiogenesis in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and to explore the mechanism through which MAFF inhibits angiogenesis by suppressing YAP1 nuclear translocation. Methods Bioinformatics analysis was used to assess MAFF expression and its associated regulatory pathways. Clinical samples from NSCLC patients were analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) to evaluate the correlation between MAFF expression and microvessel density (MVD). Cellular experiments were conducted to examine the effects of MAFF overexpression on proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis. Western blot (WB) and immunofluorescence (IF) analyses were performed to assess the expression of YAP1, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF). Tumor growth suppression was evaluated using nude mouse xenograft models. Results MAFF was significantly downregulated in NSCLC tissues and correlated with advanced T stage and higher MVD. Overexpression of MAFF inhibited NSCLC cell proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis, and downregulated the expression of YAP1, VEGF, and CTGF. IF confirmed that MAFF suppressed nuclear translocation of YAP1. In vivo, MAFF overexpression reduced tumor volume and weight, which was accompanied by inhibition of the YAP1 signaling pathway. Conclusion MAFF suppresses angiogenesis in NSCLC by blocking YAP1 nuclear translocation and downregulating VEGF and CTGF, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target.
bibliographic citation: Ding et al. (2025) MAFF inhibits angiogenesis in non-small cell lung cancer by suppressing YAP1 nuclear translocation. PeerJ 13:e20395 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.20395
date submitted: 2025-07-08
date accepted: 2025-10-24
issued: 2025-11-20
is part of: PeerJ
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
author list: Agent
  family name: Ding
  given name: Yao
author list: Agent
  family name: Wang
  given name: Shizi
author list: Agent
  family name: Hu
  given name: Rui
author list: Agent
  family name: Cao
  given name: ZiYi
author list: Agent
  family name: Zou
  given name: Yuting
author list: Agent
  family name: Yang
  given name: Wei-ling
author list: Agent
  family name: Ji
  given name: Weihang
author list: Agent
  family name: Liu
  given name: Lin
author list: Agent
  family name: Xiao
  given name: Na
author list: Agent
  family name: Li
  given name: Xiao lei
author list: Agent
  family name: Zeng
  given name: Yi
doi: 10.7717/peerj.20395
volume: 13
issn: 2167-8359
publication name: PeerJ
publication date: 2025-11-20
copyright: © 2025 Ding et al.
attribution name: Ding et al.

PeerJ
type: Periodical
uri: PeerJ
issn: 2167-8359