TY - JOUR UR - https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1548 DO - 10.7717/peerj.1548 TI - Anatomical barriers in the right atrium to the coronary sinus cannulation AU - Klimek-Piotrowska,Wiesława AU - Hołda,Mateusz K. AU - Koziej,Mateusz AU - Strona,Marcin A2 - Kraatz,Brian DA - 2016/01/07 PY - 2016 KW - Thebesian valve KW - Chiari’s network KW - Tendon of Todaro KW - Eustachian valve KW - Heart anatomy AB - Background. The coronary venous system is an increasingly frequent target of minimally invasive cardiac procedures. The purpose of this paper is to assess the anatomical barriers in the right atrium to coronary sinus cannulation. Methods. We examined the anatomy of the right atrium, coronary sinus ostium, inferior and superior vena cava ostia in 110 randomly selected autopsied human hearts of both sexes (27% females; mean age 49.2 ± 17.5 years). Results. The Eustachian valve was present in 79 cases (71.8%) with mean height =4.9 ± 2.6 mm. The valve was perforated in 11 cases (13.9%). It is typically too small to hinder the coronary sinus catheterization, but in some cases (about 2%) a significantly protruding valve may be an obstacle. Chiari’s network (4.6%) is not a barrier to catheter entry into the right atrium but may significantly impede further catheter manipulations inside the heart venous system. A typical Thebesian valve leaves enough space for the passage of the standard catheter to the coronary sinus. Discussion. Detailed anatomy of various anatomical structures within the right atrium that could play a potential role in coronary sinus cannulation is discussed. VL - 3 SP - e1548 T2 - PeerJ JO - PeerJ J2 - PeerJ SN - 2167-8359 ER -